Effect of Micronutrient Supplementation on the Growth of Preschool Children in China

Objective To study the relationship between micronutrient supplementation and children growth. Methods A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted in 156 growth retarded preschool children. They were randomly assigned to five groups: supplemental control (S-control,n=28), zinc supplementation(+Zn, 3.5mg Zn/day, n=34), zinc and calcium supplementation (+ZnCa,3.5mg Zn+250mg Ca/day, n=37), zinc and calcium and vitamin A supplementation (+ZnCaVA,3.5mgZn +250mgCa+200gVA/day, n=28), Calcium and vitamin A supplementation (+CaVA,250mgCa + 200gVA/day, n=29). Another 34 children with normal height were selected as normal control (N-control). Supplementation continued for twelve months. Results The height gain in +Zn group (7.84cm per year) and +ZnCa group (7.70 cm per year) was significantly higher than that in S-control group (6.74 cm per year, P＜0.05); The weight gain in +ZnCaVA group (2.55kg per year)and +CaVA group (2.57 kg per year) was also significantly higher than that in S-control group (2.19kg per year, P＜0.05); The average days of illness in each supplementation group were lower than that in S-control (13 days per year compared with 23 days per year). No significant difference was observed on bone age. Conclusion Zinc and Zinc+Calcium supplementation can improve the height gain,and vitamin A can improve weight gain in growth retarded preschool children, but do not affect the maturity of bone. Micronutrient supplementation can lower the morbidity of these children.     

芬太尼透皮贴剂治疗晚期癌痛的临床观察

目的 :观察芬太尼透皮贴剂 (多瑞吉 )在治疗晚期癌痛的镇痛效果及不良反应。方法 :晚期癌痛患者 4 6例 ,疼痛状况评价均为中重度疼痛 ,疼痛性质为慢性持续性疼痛 ,应用多瑞吉治疗后 ,每天评定疗效 1次 ;疼痛程度评定和疗效判定按数字分级法进行 ,并进行生活质量评分和不良反应观察 ;对其中曾应用吗啡缓释剂治疗 2 9例进行自身对照 ,比较疗效和不良反应。结果 :多瑞吉治疗中重度癌痛 ,疗效肯定 ,有效率为 84 8% ,不良反应多见为头晕、恶心、呕吐、便秘及排尿困难 ;自身对照比较多瑞吉疗效与吗啡缓释剂相似 ,但不良反应发生率低 ,程度较轻。结论 :多瑞吉以其独特的透皮缓释方式 ,有持久稳定的镇痛作用 ,并操用简单 ,使用方便 ,不良反应小的优点 ,可作为口服强阿片类药物的替代治疗     

危重患者救治中的护理问题

凡属于病情严重，随时可能发生生命危险的患者，称为危重患者。抢救危重患者是医疗护理工作中一项紧急的任务，护士必须从组织上、物质上、技术上、思想上做好充分准备，遇有危重患者，要争分夺秒、全力以赴地进行抢救。然而在抢救危重患者的过程中一定要注意以下几方面护理问题。     

飞行时间质谱技术在HIV诊断应用性研究

[目的]用基质辅助激光解析电离飞行时间质谱（MALDI TOF MS）技术分析HIV感染者和健康人血清标本的多肽指纹图谱，建立HIV血清多肽指纹图谱诊断模型并探究其临床价值。[方法]选取的血清样本经Zip Tip C18层析预分离，运用MALDI TOF MS分析检测，获得HIV感染者和健康人血清标本的多肽指纹图谱，用SPSS13．0软件对数据进行分析，建立诊断模型。[结果]在分子量为800—4000Da范围内，共发现500个多肽峰，其中11个多肽峰在HIV感染组、正常对照组中表达均有显著差异（P〈0．05），5个在HIV感染组中表达上调（m／z1418．67，1465．67，1777．82，1864．82和2080．23），6个在HIV感染组中表达下调（m／z904．71，920．73，1076．73，1521．79，1552．75和2080．78）；（m／z2080．78＋2080．23＋1777．82＋1465．67）组合的P〈0．05，回归系数、相对危险度都比较理想，其ROC曲线下面积是1．0，以此建立了HIV血清多肽指纹图谱诊断模型。[结论]本研究建立的诊断模型可以有效区分HIV感染者和健康人，为HIV的诊断与筛查提供了一条崭新途径。     

氟哌酸锌的制备及其体外抑菌实验

 为研究氟哌酸锌的制备，采用４种方法：氢氧化钠法、氨水法、碳酸氢钠法、碳酸钠法制备氟哌酸锌。实验表明碳酸钠法、碳酸氢钠法、氨水法均较氢氧化钠法为好。体外抑菌实验表明，氟哌酸锌对金葡球菌、大肠杆菌、绿脓杆菌的抑制作用明显高于磺胺嘧啶锌。     

Fiberoptic ductoscopy for patients with nipple discharge

BACKGROUND: Breast carcinoma and precancer are thought to start in the lining of the milk duct or lobule, yet until recently, we have not had direct access to this area other than by blindly removing tissue by core biopsy or fine-needle aspiration. Fiberoptic ductoscopy (FDS) is an emerging technique allowing direct visual access to the ductal system of the breast through nipple orifice exploration. METHODS: We applied ductoscopy to 259 women who had nipple discharge, and we analyzed the visual findings, the cytological washings, and the subsequent histopathology. RESULTS: In 92 (36%) of these women, fiberoptic ductoscopy was successful in detecting an intraductal papillary lesion. Of these observed lesions, 68 (74%) were single papilloma, 21 (23%) were multiple discrete papillomas, and 3 (3%) were diffuse intraductal thickening which corresponded to diffuse papillomatosis on histopathological analysis. The overall positive predictive value of FDS screening was 83%. Of the lesions observed, 29.8% were located in the main (segmental) duct, 43.9% lesions in the first branch, 17.5% lesions in the second branch, 7.9% in the third branch, and 0.9% in the fourth branch. These lesions had an overall average distance of 2.7 cm from the nipple orifice. Ductal washings performed at the time of ductoscopy were effective at obtaining representative exfoliated ductal cells which could be evaluated for the presence of clumps (> 50 cells), clumps with atypia or single ductal cells. The presence of clumps with positive FDS increased the positive predictive value to 86%. CONCLUSIONS: Fiberoptic ductoscopy currently offers a safe alternative to ductography in guiding subsequent breast surgery in the treatment of nipple discharge.     

Celecoxib prevents tumor growth in vivo without toxicity to normal gut: lack of correlation between in vitro and in vivo models

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have potential for use in the prevention and/or treatment of colorectal cancer. We have studied the cytotoxic effect of a specific COX-2 inhibitor, celecoxib, against LLC, HCA-7, and HCT-15 cells grown in cell culture and have compared these results with its effect on HCA-7 cells grown as xenografts in nude mice. "High-dose" celecoxib (>20 microM) reduced the viability of all three cell lines in vitro as measured by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Flow cytometric analysis demonstrated that this loss of viability was attributable to the induction of apoptosis. Significantly, concentrations of the drug <10 microM had no effect on cell viability in vitro. The cytotoxic effects of high-dose celecoxib were independent of COX-2 inhibition because similar effects were observed in cox-2 (+/+), cox-2 (+/-) and cox-2 (-/-) fibroblasts. A plasma concentration of 2.3+/-0.7 microM was achieved when celecoxib (1250 mg/kg of chow) was fed to animals ad libitum. Despite a lack of toxicity at 2-3 microM celecoxib in vitro, there was attenuation of HCA-7 xenograft growth in vivo. Celecoxib had no effect on apoptosis, cell division, or the epithelial architecture of the normal gut in treated mice. These results support the need for additional clinical evaluation of celecoxib for treatment and/or prevention of colorectal cancer in humans.     

Human cord blood conditioned medium enhances leukemia colony formation in vitro

Childhood T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is one of the most common childhood cancers. Recently, we observed that pre-conditioning sub-lethally irradiated immunodeficient mice with human cord blood mononuclear cells facilitates in these mice high level engraftment of primary T-ALL cells obtained from patients. Here we report that human cord blood cells secrete a factor(s) which markedly enhances in vitro both colony number and burst size of the T-ALL clonogenic progenitors from patients. The enhancing activity does not correspond to IL-2, IL-15, nor to several other cytokines implicated in T cell proliferation/activation. Thus, it is possible cord blood may secrete an as yet unidentified factor(s) acting on leukemia clonogenic progenitors of T-ALL. Collectively, these studies should prove invaluable in addressing the growth properties of primary T-ALL cells from patients.     

Identification of the subcellular localization of daunorubicin in multidrug-resistant K562 cell line

We examined the subcellular distribution of daunorubicin (DNR) in resistant K562 cell line which overexpress the P-glycoprotein by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Three fluorescent probes - Rhodamine123, neutral red, NBD-ceramide, which stain the mitochondria, lysosomes, Golgi apparatus respectively, were used to identify the nature of the subcellular compartment sequestering daunorubicin. In sensitive k562 cell line, nuclear and cytoplasmic DNR fluorescence was intense and diffuse. In contrast, resistant K562 cell line showed a different DNR distribution. A bright fluorescence signal was located in the perinuclear region and peripheral plasma, the nucleus and other cytoplasmic region appear as empty, as suggested by the distribution of fluorescent probe Rhodamine123 specifically for mitochondria. Verapamil, an effective resistance modulator in P-glycoprotein MDR cells, restored the DNR distribution closer to that in the parent cells. Golgic inhibitor brefeldin A and lysosomotropic agent chloroquine had little effect on drug sequestration. Our studies demonstrate that daunorubicin may be sequestered in mitochondrial compartment in the resistant cells and P-glycoprotein plays an important role on mediating DNR transport.