The adverse effect of treatment prolongation in cervical cancer by high-dose-rate intracavitary brachytherapy.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The potential risk of prolongation of treatment time in cervical cancer has been reported for many low-dose rate (LDR) studies, with an estimated loss of local control ranging from 0.3 to 1.6% per day of treatment prolongation. Since the treatment schedule for fractionated high-dose rate intracavitary brachytherapy (HDRICB) is not directly comparable with that for low-dose rate studies, this report aims to evaluate the adverse effect of treatment prolongation specifically for cervical cancer treated with HDRICB. MATERIAL AND METHODS: From September 1992 to December 1997, 257 patients diagnosed with uterine cervical cancer (35 Ib, 26 IIa, 122 IIb, 10 IIIa, 57 IIIb, 7 IVa), who underwent external radiotherapy combined with between two and four courses of HDRICB and a minimum of 3 years of follow-up (median 57 months), were analyzed. Treatment consisted of irradiation of the whole pelvis with 44-45 Gy consisting of 22-25 fractions by 5 weeks, with the dose boosted to 54-58 Gy (with central shielding) for patients diagnosed as FIGO stage IIb-IVa bilateral parametrial disease. HDRICB was performed using an Ir-192 remote afterloading technique at 1-week intervals. The standard prescribed dose for each course of HDRICB was 7.2 Gy to point A for three insertions (before July 1995), or 6.0 Gy to point A for four insertions (after July 1995). Total prescribed point A doses (external beam radiotherapy+HDRICB) ranged from 58 to 71.6 Gy (median, 65.6 Gy) for stage IB-IIA, while analogous dosage for larger lesions (stage IIb-IVa) ranged from 59 to 75.6 Gy (median, 65.6 Gy). Kaplan-Meier and multivariate analyses were used to test the effect of treatment time on pelvic control rate (PCR) and cause-specific survival (CSS) at 5 years. RESULTS: Median treatment time was 63 days. For all stages of disease, the 5-year CSS and PCR were significantly different comparing treatment times of less than and greater than or equal to 63 days [83% and 65% (P=0.004], 93% and 83% (P=0.02), respectively]. These associations were also significant for stage Ib/IIa [97% and 79% (P=0.01), and 100% and 87% (P=0.02), respectively), but not for stage IIb [75% and 72% (P=0.79), and 93% and 87% (P=0.83), respectively] or stage III [66% and 49% (P=0.2), and 83% and 72% (P=0.21), respectively]. Multivariate analysis identified three prognostic factors for CSS, stage (P<0.001), tumor response to external RT (P=0.001), and overall treatment time (OTT; P=0.006). Prognostic factors for pelvic failure were stage (P<0.001), tumor response to external RT (P=0.001), and OTT (P=0.03). Prolongation of treatment time resulted in a daily decrease in pelvic control rate of 0.67% overall, and 0.43% for stage Ib-IIa, 0.57% for stage IIb, and 0.73% for stage III patients. CONCLUSION: Analysis of the data from the current study demonstrates that the adverse effect of treatment prolongation was observed later in the treatment course for the high-dose rate (HDR) series compared to the LDR analog, however, treatment-time prolongation still negatively influenced the cause-specific survival and pelvic control rate for both dosage groups.     

组织工程支架在犬急性脊髓损伤修复中应用的初步研究

目的探讨携带神经干细胞的聚碳酸亚丙酯[poly（propylene carbonate），PPC]可降解支架移植在犬脊髓急性损伤后修复中的作用。方法制作犬T13脊髓左侧半切损伤模型。将实验动物随机分为3组：细胞支架组在损伤后1周时将填充神经干细胞的PPC可降解支架植入损伤区．支架组只植入支架，对照组不作移植。8周后观察支架的组织反应、降解情况及神经干细胞的迁移分化和脊髓轴突再生情况。结果支架部分降解，管腔内未见瘢痕侵入。神经干细胞向支架邻近部位广泛迁移、扩散，并分化为3种神经细胞表型。神经丝蛋白（NF）及髓鞘碱性磷酯蛋白（MBP）免疫组化显示细胞支架组脊髓损伤区邻近部位的继发损害较其他组轻。结论携带神经干细胞的PPC可降解支架在犬脊髓组织中无明显组织反应．能够抵御瘢痕侵入：其携带的神经干细胞能够整合入邻近脊髓组织并起到一定保护作用。     

von Willebrand factor binding to platelet glycoprotein Ib-IX-V stimulates the assembly of an α-actinin-based signaling complex

Summary. Background: Pathological shear stress induces platelet aggregation that is dependent on von Willebrand factor (VWF) binding to glycoprotein (Gp)Ib‐IX‐V and phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase activation. We tested the hypothesis that pathological shear stress stimulates phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5‐trisphosphate (PIP₃) synthesis by directing the assembly of a molecular signaling complex that includes class IA phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI 3‐KIA). Methods: Platelets were subjected to 120 dynes cm^?2 shear stress in a cone‐plate viscometer. Resting and sheared platelets were lyzed, immunoprecipitations of PI 3‐KIA performed, or lipids extracted for PIP₃ measurements. α‐Actinin was incubated with phosphatidylinositol 4,5‐bisphosphate (PIP₂), immunoprecipitated, and used as a substrate for in vitro PI 3‐KIA activity. Results: Pathological shear stress induces biphasic PIP₃ production. In resting platelets, PI 3‐KIA associates with α‐actinin and PIP₂. After exposure to shear stress, α‐actinin and PIP₂ rapidly disassociate from PI 3‐KIA. PI 3‐KIA then gradually re‐associates with PIP₂ and α‐actinin, and this complex becomes linked to GpIbα through the cytoskeleton. PIP₃ production and the observed changes in the association between α‐actinin, PIP₂, and PI 3‐KIA are inhibited when VWF binding to GpIbα is blocked. In a cell‐free system, α‐actinin binds PIP₂ and when the α‐actinin–PIP₂ complex is added to platelet PI 3‐KIA, PIP₃ production is stimulated. Conclusions: These results suggest that pathological shear‐induced VWF binding to GpIb‐IX‐V stimulates PIP₃ production through the assembly of an α‐actinin‐based complex that colocalizes PI 3‐KIA with substrate PIP₂.     

第一、二鳃弓综合征颜面不对称的整形外科矫治

目的探讨第一、二鳃弓综合征面部不对称畸形的整形外科矫治方法。方法根据第一、二鳃弓综合征患者临床及X线所示面部双侧不对称情况,采用健侧下颌骨外板去除、颧骨截骨降低;患侧下颌体、颧骨应用健侧下颌骨外板贴附植骨或高密度多孔聚乙烯(Medpor)假体置入等术式,配合颏部水平截骨颏成形术,以缩小面部双侧宽度的差异,矫治颜面不对称畸形。结果共矫治23例,经6个月至3年的术后随访观察,双侧面部宽度差异明显缩小,正面观面部不对称明显改善。结论第一、二鳃弓综合征面部骨骼发育畸形是三维方向的,双侧面骨宽度的差异,是造成正面观面部不对称的重要因素,根据受术者的具体情况,采用以上术式的组合,扩充患侧或同时缩窄健侧骨骼,进行面部骨性支架重建,可以取得良好的矫治效果。     

内皮素在阻塞性黄疸早期门静脉高压症中的作用

目的初步探讨阻塞性黄疸早期门静脉高压的机制。方法将大鼠分为胆管结扎组（B）与假手术组（A），分别于术后3、7、14d比较两组的游离门静脉压力（FPP）、血浆和肝组织内皮素（ET）浓度。结果胆总管结扎7d后门静脉压力显著高于对照组；胆总管结扎后各时段ET水平均显著高于对照组；门静脉压力与血浆ET、肝组织ET呈正相关。结论阻塞性黄疸早期即有门静脉压力的升高，它可能是体内ET水平升高致肝窦阻力增加的结果。     

肝门部胆管癌的治疗

目的探讨肝门部胆管癌的治疗方法。方法回顾性分析我院1996，2004年间52例肝门部胆管癌患者的临床病例资料。I型癌肿切除率最高，Ⅳ型癌肿切除率最低。结果本组52例肝门部胆管癌中，围手术期死亡2例，均死于肝肾功能衰竭，余50例中31例术后获得随访，失访19例，随访率为62％。结论疑似或诊断肝门部胆管癌应早期积极手术探查，争取行根治性切除术；肝门部胆管癌肿瘤切除疗效明显优于其他治疗方式。     

The common ultrasonographic features of pilomatricoma.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this series was to describe typical ultrasonographic features of 20 cases of pilomatricoma and to improve its diagnostic rate with the use of an ultrasonographic approach. METHODS: For 20 pilomatricomas in 19 patients with preoperative ultrasonography from 1995 to 2004, we reviewed age, sex, symptoms, duration, referring clinician, and tumor sites. The ultrasonographic findings were retrospectively analyzed for tumor location, shape, size, margin, echo texture, echogenicity, presence, amount, and shape of calcification, presence of a hypoechoic rim, and Doppler flow pattern. RESULTS: The mean age of the 19 patients was 6.9 years (range, 1-21 years), and the female-male ratio was 1.1:1. Patients had a painful palpable mass in 10 cases (50%). Nine lesions occurred in the neck, 5 in the cheek, 2 in the preauricular region, and 4 in the extremity. All tumors were located in the subcutaneous layer. The mean size of the tumors was 13.4 mm. Fourteen pilomatricomas (70%) appeared as well-defined oval masses. Tumors were heterogeneously hyperechoic in 80% of cases. All tumors had internal echogenic foci. A hypoechoic rim was seen in 17 cases (85%). Doppler flow signals were observed in the peripheral region in 14 cases (70%). A correct preoperative diagnosis was made in 33% on the basis of clinical findings and in 76% by ultrasonography. CONCLUSIONS: Diagnosis of pilomatricoma should be considered when a well-defined mass with inner echogenic foci and a peripheral hypoechoic rim or a completely echogenic mass with strong posterior acoustic shadowing in the subcutaneous layer of the head, neck, or extremity is found on ultrasonography.     

埋藏式可调节缝线在二切口青光眼白内障联合手术中的应用

目的：观察应用可调节缝线的二切口青光眼白内障联合手术的临床效果。方法：回顾性分析行青光眼白内障联合手术的患者84人（92眼）,二切口组38人（42眼）,在二切口联合手术基础上加可调节缝线;单切口组46人（50眼）。比较两组患者术后视力和眼压,浅前房、高眼压等并发症的发生,术后6个月的手术成功率及滤过泡形态。结果：手术前后两组患者之间视力比较差异无统计学意义;两组患者术前及术后1d眼压比较无统计学意义,但术后3d,术后1周,术后1月及术后6月两组患者的眼压比较均具有统计学意义;术后6个月手术成功率,观察组高于对照组,但差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;术后6个月的滤过泡形态,两组之间差异无统计学意义。结论：应用埋藏式可调节缝线的二切口青光眼白内障联合手术可有效控制患者眼压,提高联合手术远期成功率。     

《癌变·畸变·突变》杂志1992──1995年16期文献计量分析

运用文献计量分分析法对本刊１９９２－１９９５年１６期所刊文章作了分析。结果：致突变的文章较多；每篇文章作者平均３．９４人，大多集中在高等院校及科研机构，地区分布较广，高产作家尚少；平均引文８．２２篇，引文以中、英文期刊为主；文献半衰期为中文４．１６年，英文６．９３年；有８种核心期刊；自引率较高。与创刊后的前１２期（１９８９－１９９２）相比：一次性文献比重明显增加，致畸文章比重增加，高产作家相对增多，英文引文增加，英文半衰期缩短近二年半，提示刊物水平有提高趋势。     

青霉烷砜对氨苄青霉素的增效作用

观察加用青霉烷砜后氨苄青霉素对痢疾杆菌的体外杀菌效果。结果表明,加用青霉烷砜后对69株痢疾杆菌的杀菌效果,从单纯氨苄青霉素的杀菌率59.4％(41/69)提高到98.6％(68/69),有显著增效作用(P<0.005)。各株痢疾杆菌对国产和墨西哥产氨苄青霉素的敏感性无差异。证明青霉烷砜对氨苄青霉素有增效作用,对原耐氨苄青霉素痢疾杆菌的杀菌率达96.4％(27/28)。对耐药痢疾杆菌治疗药物的选择提供了有益的参考。