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Richards KC Beck C O'Sullivan PS Shue VM 《Journal of the American Geriatrics Society》2005,53(9):1510-1517
OBJECTIVES: To test the efficacy of an individualized social activity intervention (ISAI) on decreasing daytime sleep, improving nighttime sleep, and lowering the day/night sleep ratio and to determine its cost. DESIGN: Pretest/posttest randomized with an experimental and control group. SETTING: Seven nursing homes. PARTICIPANTS: One hundred forty-seven residents with dementia. INTERVENTION: One to 2 hours of individualized social activities for 21 consecutive days. MEASUREMENTS: Twenty-four-hour sleep/wake patterns using an Actigraph. RESULTS: The ISAI group had significantly less daytime sleep (P=.001) and a lower day/night sleep ratio (P=.03) than the control group, after adjusting for baseline values. Because 40% of the sample slept 7 or more hours at night, a secondary analysis was conducted. When only those residents with a sleep efficiency of less than 50% (n=50) were included, the ISAI group (n=20) had less daytime sleep (P=.005), a lower day/night sleep ratio (P=.02), fell asleep faster (P=.03), and were awake less at night (P=.04) than the control group (n=30), after adjusting for baseline values. The weekly cost of the ISAI was roughly $70 per participant. Initial training and supply costs were $1,944. CONCLUSION: The ISAI provides an alternative to medications, without side effects. 相似文献
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Rangi Kandane‐Rathnayake Vera Golder Worawit Louthrenoo Shue‐Fen Luo Yeong‐Jian Jan Wu Zhanguo Li Yuan An Aisha Lateef Sargunan Sockalingam Sandra V. Navarra Leonid Zamora Laniyati Hamijoyo Yasuhiro Katsumata Masayoshi Harigai Madelynn Chan Sean ONeill Fiona Goldblatt Yanjie Hao Zhuoli Zhang Jamal Al‐Saleh Munther Khamashta Tsutomu Takeuchi Yoshiya Tanaka Sang‐Cheol Bae Chak Sing Lau Alberta Hoi Mandana Nikpour Eric F. Morand 《International journal of rheumatic diseases》2019,22(3):425-433
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Chak Sing Lau Faith Chia Leonila Dans Andrew Harrison Tsu Yi Hsieh Rahul Jain Seung Min Jung Mitsumasa Kishimoto Ashok Kumar Khai Pang Leong Zhanguo Li Juan Javier Lichauco Worawit Louthrenoo Shue Fen Luo Rong Mu Peter Nash Chin Teck Ng Bagus Suryana Linda Kurniaty Wijaya Swan Sim Yeap 《International journal of rheumatic diseases》2019,22(3):357-375
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Purpose: Many veterans who face mental illness and live in rural areas never obtain the mental health care they need. To address these needs, it is important to reach out to community stakeholders who are likely to have frequent interactions with veterans, particularly those returning from Operations Enduring and Iraqi Freedom (OEF/OIF). Methods: Three community stakeholder groups—clergy, postsecondary educators, and criminal justice personnel—are of particular importance for OEF/OIF veterans living in rural areas and may be more likely to come into contact with rural veterans struggling with mental illness or substance abuse than the formal health care system. This article briefly describes the conceptualization, development, initial implementation, and early evaluation of a Veterans Affairs (VA) medical center‐based program designed to improve engagement in, and access to, mental health care for veterans returning to rural areas. Findings: One year since initial funding, 90 stakeholders have attended formal training workshops (criminal justice personnel = 36; educators = 31; clergy = 23). Two training formats (a 2‐hour workshop and an intensive 2.5‐day workshop) have been developed and provided to clergy in 1 rural county with another county scheduled for training. A veteran outreach initiative, which has received 32 referrals for various student services, has been established on 4 rural college campuses. A Veterans Treatment Court also has been established with 16 referrals for eligibility assessments. Conclusions: While this pilot program is in the early stages of evaluation, its success to date has encouraged program and VA clinical leadership to expand beyond the original sites. 相似文献
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- In this study, the underlying mechanism of stimulation of respiratory burst by kazinol B, a natural isoprenylated flavan, in rat neutrophils in vitro was investigated.
- Kazinol B concentration-dependently stimulated the superoxide anion (O2[dot over 2]−) generation, with a lag but transient activation profile, in neutrophils but not in a cell-free system. The maximum response (13.2±1.4 nmol O2[dot over 2]− 10 min−1 per 106 cells) was observed at 10 μM kazinol B.
- Pretreatment of neutrophils with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) or formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) significantly enhanced the O2[dot over 2]− generation following the subsequent stimulation of cells with kazinol B.
- Cells pretreated with EGTA or a protein kinase inhibitor staurosporine effectively attenuated the kazinol B-induced O2[dot over 2]− generation. However, a p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitor SB203580 and a phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor wortmannin had no effect on the kazinol B-induced response.
- Kazinol B significantly stimulated [Ca2+]i elevation in neutrophils, with a lag and slow rate of rise activation profile, and this response was attenuated by a phospholipase C (PLC) inhibitor . Kazinol B also stimulated the inositol bis- and trisphosphate (IP2 and IP3) formation with a 1 min lag time. U73122
- The membrane-associated PKC-α and PKC-θ but not PKC-ι were increased following the stimulation of neutrophils with kazinol B. It was more rapid and sensitive in the activation of PKC-θ than PKC-α by kazinol B. Kazinol B partially inhibited the [3H]phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate ([3H]PDB) binding to the neutrophil cytosolic PKC.
- Neither the cellular mass of phosphatidic acid (PA) and phosphatidylethanol (PEt), in the presence of ethanol, nor the protein tyrosine phosphorylation were stimulated by kazinol B. In addition, the kazinol B-induced O2[dot over 2]− generation remained relatively unchanged in cells pretreated with ethanol or a tyrosine kinase inhibitor genistein.
- Collectively, these results indicate that the stimulation of the respiratory burst by kazinol B is probably mediated by the synergism of PKC activation and [Ca2+]i elevation in rat neutrophils.
29.
We developed muscle–tendon models incorporating Hill-type structure and length-dependent coupling between activation and velocity. The models were evaluated in electrically stimulated cat soleus muscles. Dynamic model parameters were estimated by a nonlinear parameter estimation algorithm from input–output data obtained during simultaneous random stimulation and length changes. Static parameters were estimated from the length–tension curve. A model with length history-dependent activation–velocity coupling predicted the behavior of the muscle under a wide variety of conditions, including during random perturbations and during isovelocity movements, where it captured short range stiffness and length history-dependent postyielding behavior. Furthermore, the model predicted twitch responses. The generality of this fixed parameter model makes it especially suitable for simulation and feedforward control, where muscle responses are not available for on-line parameter adaptation. 相似文献
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Cheng Len Sy Hung Chin Tsai Shue Ren Wann Susan Shin-Jung Lee Yung Ching Liu Yao Shen Chen 《Journal of microbiology, immunology, and infection》2008,41(4):301-306
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is a multifunctional cytokine that has been found to be elevated in tuberculous and bacterial meningitis, but no evaluation has been undertaken of its usefulness in identifying various forms of aseptic meningitis. METHODS: In a retrospective study, the levels of HGF in the cerebrospinal fluid of 65 patients were measured prior to treatment. The association of HGF with non-infectious diseases and clinically or microbiologically proven bacterial, tuberculous, viral, fungal and parasitic meningitis was observed, along with its relation to other parameters of the cerebrospinal fluid. RESULTS: Forty six of the 65 patients (71%) were diagnosed as having meningitis. Cerebospinal fluid HGF level was significantly elevated in patients with meningitis compared with patients with non-infectious diseases (1501 vs 578 pg/mL; Mann-Whitney U test, p=0.001). The highest HGF level was found in bacterial meningitis (2699 pg/mL), followed by tuberculous meningitis (1540 pg/mL), viral meningitis (1431 pg/mL), fungal meningitis (714 pg/mL) and parasitic meningitis (174 pg/mL). There was no association between HGF level and other parameters of the cerebrospinal fluid (Pearson's correlation test). CONCLUSION: Cerebrospinal fluid HGF may offer additional information in the classification of meningitis. This may assist in patient management when no pathogen is cultured from the cerebrospinal fluid and when other parameters of the cerebrospinal fluid demonstrate equivocal results. 相似文献