Predicting abdominal adipose tissue in overweight Latino youth.

OBJECTIVES: 1) Examine associations between visceral adipose tissue (VAT), subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue (SAAT), and anthropometric and demographic variables; 2) generate and cross-validate prediction equations for estimating VAT and SAAT in overweight Latino children. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional. PARTICIPANTS: 196 overweight 8-13-year-old Latino youth. Two-thirds (n = 131) were randomly assigned to a development group to generate prediction equations for VAT and SAAT; one-third (n = 65) was used as a cross-validation group. METHODS AND PROCEDURES: Anthropometric measurements (height, weight, skinfold thicknesses, and circumferences) were performed. VAT and SAAT were measured using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). RESULTS: The strongest univariate correlate for VAT was waist circumference (WC) (r = 0.65, p < 0.01) while the strongest correlate for SAAT was hip circumference (r = 0.88, p < 0.001). Regression analyses showed approximately 50% of the variance in VAT was explained by WC (43.8%), Tanner stage (4.2%) and calf skinfold (1.7%). Variance in the SAAT model was explained by WC (77.8%), triceps skinfold (4.2%) and gender (2.3%). Residual analyses showed no bias in either equation. Though mean differences between measured and predicted VAT and SAAT were small, there was a large degree of variability at the individual level especially for VAT. CONCLUSIONS: Both VAT and SAAT prediction equations performed well at the group level, but the relatively high degree of variability suggests limited clinical utility of the VAT equation. MRI is currently required to derive an accurate measure of VAT at the individual level.     

遗传性缺陷调查研究的伦理问题探讨

遗传调查是控制遗传性缺陷的有效途径,在此过程中应自觉遵守医学遗传服务和遗传研究的伦理准则,但尚存在一些困惑,祈盼建立适合我国国情的遗传性缺陷调查研究的伦理规定和政策.     

阿片类药物在癌痛治疗中的作用

Columba Quigley是颐养关怀治疗领域中的一位专家，她为一个以医院为基础的支持团队（a hospital based support team）工作。同时她还服务于一所颐养关怀社团和一所临终关怀医院；在那里，患者得到临终护理，延续生命并控制症状。癌症患者特别是晚期癌症患者常常伴发疼痛。此外，疼痛还是癌症患者最令人恐惧的症状。适当应用镇痛药物（特别是阿片类药物）可以有效控制绝大多数患者的癌痛。     

电视教材《中医正骨手法》的编导思路与实现

结合对卫生部科教司和人民卫生出版社招标电视教材《中医正骨手法》的编导制作过程,从教学内容、总体结构、表现方式、素材的选择和拍摄等各方面阐述了制作体会,并探讨在计算机网络技术迅速发展背景下编导医学电视教材的一些方法。     

华蟾素注射液治疗中晚期恶性肿瘤41例

[目的]观察华蟾素注射液治疗中晚期恶性肿瘤的临床疗效。[方法]对41例中晚期恶性肿瘤患者静脉滴注华蟾素注射液,采用自身前后对照观察。[结果]使用华蟾素注射液后患者临床症状改善,生存质量提高。[结论]华蟾素注射液是一种治疗恶性肿瘤有效的中药制剂。     

藻酸包埋异体关节软骨细胞修复兔膝关节软骨缺损

目的 探讨异体关节软骨细胞作为软骨种子细胞修复关节软骨缺损的可行性。方法 无菌取成年新西兰大白兔四肢关节软骨，酶消化法分离细胞，条件培养基体外培养扩增，藻酸钙凝胶包埋培养1周，植入兔膝关节股骨髁间软骨缺损，对照组缺损旷置。术后3、6个月分别取材，观察缺损修复情况；切片特染和免疫组化观察修复组织病理，并Wakitnni评分评估修复质量。结果 7／8缺损为成熟透明软骨组织修复，1／8为纤维软骨修复；Wakitani平均评1．75分；空白对照组评7．65分。实验组3个月组标本未见淋巴细胞或白细胞浸润，6个月组标本未见明显退变；所有标本均未见藻酸残留。结论 用藻酸包埋异体关节软骨细胞修复兔膝关节软骨缺损的方法是可行的，异体关节软骨细胞在适当的处理后可成为关节软骨组织工程种子细胞。     

20分钟快速检测单菌体新方法

长久以来，等待细胞通过自然分裂或其DNA经生化扩增到一定程度以便于检测成为限制我们开发出快速、敏感的单菌体检测方法的重要瓶颈。现在，一支由美国佛罗里达大学物理和分析化学专家谭伟宏（音译）率领的团队开发出的一种新方法，不仅可以在20min内进行单菌体快速检测，同时可以运用在病毒、药物残留、生化武器组分和许多环境污染成分的检测上。     

Brain myo-inositol level is elevated in Ts65Dn mouse and reduced after lithium treatment

The segmental trisomy Ts65Dn mouse is a novel model of Down syndrome (DS). The purpose of this study was to measure brain levels of myo-inositol (ml), N-acetylaspartate (NAA), and other metabolites in Ts65Dn mice using in vivo 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), and to determine whether lithium (Li) treatment alters brain ml level. The ratio of ml over total creatine (Cr), ml/Cr, was significantly elevated (mean change +38%), while NAA/Cr was significantly decreased (mean change -18%) in Ts65Dn mice (n=5) compared with control mice (n= 7). This is consistent with 1H MRS findings in DS human adults. Brain ml/Cr of the entire sample group (n= 12) was reduced (mean change -15%) following Li treatment, supporting the Li-induced ml depletion hypothesis.     

Expression of 5-HT1A receptor mRNA in rat dorsal raphe nucleus and ventrolateral periaqueductal gray neurons after peripheral inflammation

In the present study we observed the expression of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)1A receptor mRNA in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) and ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (vlPAG) neurons, especially in 5-HT immunoreactive neurons (5-HT-IR), using in situ hybridization (ISH) and double staining with fluorescent ISH (FISH) and immunohistochemical (FIH) techniques. The findings of this study demonstrated that 5-HT1A receptor mRNA was expressed with moderate to high level in the DRN and vlPAG neurons. Following carrageenan inflammation, the expression of 5-HT1A receptor mRNA in the DRN and bilateral vlPAG neurons was significantly increased. The peak occurred at 3-8h followed by a clear decrease at 24 h, which basically corresponded to the time-course of behavioral hyperalgesia. Moderate 5-HT1A receptor mRNA and 5-HT immunoreactive (5-HT-IR) double-labeled cells were observed in the DRN and vlPAG, suggesting that some of 5-HT1A receptors in the DRN and vlPAG may be autoreceptors. Eight hours after carrageenan injection, the number of the double labeled cells was significantly increased. These results suggest that the synthesis of 5-HT1A receptors, including autoreceptors, is increased in the DRN and vlPAG during peripheral inflammation.     

银杏叶提取物的药理药用研究进展

银杏叶提取物(EG b)有效成分为黄酮类、萜内酯类,对动物、人类具有明显的药理活性,是一种药效确切、不良反应较少的天然药物。阐述了EG b的化学成分、药理作用、药用价值及临床应用。