腰椎X线摄影人工智能测量技术研究进展

腰痛是全球范围内普遍存在的公共健康卫生问题,但临床医师对腰椎X线图像的视觉分析和主观判断已不能满足临床精准化、定量化的诊疗需求。近年来,人工智能（AI）及大数据技术的蓬勃发展,为医疗图像的智能检测和定量分析提供了条件和基础。众多学者通过人工神经网络、支持向量机和卷积神经网络等模型的建立和算法的改进,使腰椎X线定量分析及诊断成为可能。AI技术与医疗图像的交叉融合在减轻临床医师工作负荷、有效降低或消除手工测量误差和辅助临床医师从定量角度更客观地评估脊柱畸形等疾病具有很好的应用前景。目前,AI技术辅助腰椎疾病诊断的发展仍处于早期阶段,AI算法的改进、高质量数据库建立及制定新参数的量化标准等需要进一步探索。     

The diagnostic role of AIM2 in Kawasaki disease

Clinical and Experimental Medicine - Kawasaki disease (KD), a systemic vasculitis in children, may bring serious complications. However, the etiology of KD remains unclear. AIM2, an intracellular...     

Toll-like receptor 7 deficiency suppresses type 1 diabetes development by modulating B-cell differentiation and function

Innate immunity mediated by Toll-like receptors (TLRs), which can recognize pathogen molecular patterns, plays a critical role in type 1 diabetes development. TLR7 is a pattern recognition receptor that senses single-stranded RNAs from viruses and host tissue cells; however, its role in type 1 diabetes development remains unclear. In our study, we discovered that Tlr7-deficient (Tlr7^−/−) nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice, a model of human type 1 diabetes, exhibited a significantly delayed onset and reduced incidence of type 1 diabetes compared with Tlr7-sufficient (Tlr7^+/+) NOD mice. Mechanistic investigations showed that Tlr7 deficiency significantly altered B-cell differentiation and immunoglobulin production. Moreover, Tlr7^−/− NOD B cells were found to suppress diabetogenic CD4⁺ T-cell responses and protect immunodeficient NOD mice from developing diabetes induced by diabetogenic T cells. In addition, we found that Tlr7 deficiency suppressed the antigen-presenting functions of B cells and inhibited cytotoxic CD8⁺ T-cell activation by downregulating the expression of both nonclassical and classical MHC class I (MHC-I) molecules on B cells. Our data suggest that TLR7 contributes to type 1 diabetes development by regulating B-cell functions and subsequent interactions with T cells. Therefore, therapeutically targeting TLR7 may prove beneficial for disease protection.     

SPOP negatively regulates Toll-like receptor-induced inflammation by disrupting MyD88 self-association

Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathways need to be tightly controlled to avoid excessive inflammation and unwanted damage to the host. Myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88) is a critical adaptor of TLR signaling. Here, we identified the speckle-type POZ protein (SPOP) as a MyD88-associated protein. SPOP was recruited to MyD88 following TLR4 activation. TLR4 activation also caused the translocation of SPOP from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. SPOP depletion promoted the aggregation of MyD88 and recruitment of the downstream signaling kinases IRAK4, IRAK1 and IRAK2. Consistently, overexpression of SPOP inhibited the TLR4-mediated activation of NF-κB and production of inflammatory cytokines, whereas SPOP depletion had the opposite effects. Furthermore, knockdown of SPOP increased MyD88 aggregation and inflammatory cytokine production upon TLR2, TLR7 and TLR9 activation. Our findings reveal a mechanism by which MyD88 is regulated and highlight a role for SPOP in limiting inflammatory responses.     

Comparison of Tc-99m MAA Planar Versus SPECT/CT Imaging for Lung Shunt Fraction Evaluation Prior to Y-90 Radioembolization: Are We Overestimating Lung Shunt Fraction?

CardioVascular and Interventional Radiology - To compare lung shunt fraction (LSF) prior to Y-90 radioembolization calculated using planar imaging versus SPECT/CT in patients with hepatocellular...     

Dynamic alterations of spontaneous neural activity in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a multi-system disease featured by movement disorder. Studies on ALS using static neuroimaging indexes demonstrated inconsistent results. However, recent work indicated that the intrinsic brain activity was time-varying, and the abnormal temporal dynamics of brain activity in ALS remains unknown. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data were first obtained from 54 patients with ALS and 54 healthy controls (HCs). Then the dynamic regional homogeneity (d-ReHo) was calculated and compared between the two groups. Correlation analyses between altered d-ReHo and clinical scores were further performed. Compared with HCs, ALS patients showed higher d-ReHo in the left lingual gyrus while lower d-ReHo in the left rectus gyrus and left parahippocampal gyrus. Moreover, the d-ReHo in the left lingual gyrus exhibited correlation with disease progression rate in ALS at a trend level. Our findings suggested that altered dynamics in intrinsic brain activity might be a potential biomarker for diagnosing of ALS.

     

认知-存在团体对社区慢性精神分裂症患者的干预效果

目的探讨认知-存在干预对社区慢性精神分裂症患者的康复疗效。方法将30例日间康复照料机构的慢性精神分裂症患者随机分为干预组(n=15)和对照组(n=15),干预组予以认知-存在团体干预,对照组仅予一般的社区随访。在干预前后分别采用自尊量表(SES)、一般健康问卷(GHQ-20)、生命意义源量表(SML)、生命意义感量表(MLQ)进行评定。结果干预前两组SES、GHQ-20、SML、MLQ评分差异无显著性;干预后,干预组GHQ-20、SML、MLQ总分高于对照组(t=3.05,3.08,2.58;P均<0.05);干预组GHQ-20中抑郁和自我肯定两项因子评分高于对照组(t=2.45,3.17;P均<0.05);干预组SML中自我超越意义因子评分明显高于对照组(t=3.99,P<0.001);干预组MLQ中追寻意义感因子评分明显高于对照组(t=3.77,P<0.001)。结论认知-存在团体对社区慢性精神分裂症患者降低抑郁水平、提升自我肯定、意义感,促进病人康复有积极作用。     

父母教养方式、羞怯与负面评价恐惧的关系

目的 考察父母教养方式、羞怯和负面评价恐惧之间的关系.方法 以580名中学生为被试,采用量表法进行考察.结果 ①人口统计学变量(地域、是否独生子女、是否班干部)对中学生羞怯水平具有显著影响(F=7.51,P＜0.01;F=4.99,P＜0.05;F=6.80,P＜0.01);②父母的情感温暖因子与羞怯、负面评价恐惧呈显著负相关,父母惩罚、严厉因子与羞怯则呈显著正相关,父亲过分干涉因子与负面评价恐惧则呈显著正相关;③在控制了人口统计学变量后,父母情感温暖理解因子,母亲惩罚严厉因子和负面评价恐惧可以对羞怯进行有效预测(解释率16％);④负面评价恐惧在父母情感温暖因子对羞怯的影响上起到了中介作用.结论 父母在教养子女过程中给予的情感温暖和理解越多、严厉惩罚的越少,子女对负面评价的恐惧程度便会越少,从而降低羞怯水平.