State-Dependent Effects of Prefrontal Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Emotional Working Memory

BackgroundA growing body of findings illustrates the importance of state-dependency in studies using brain stimulation.ObjectiveWe aimed to investigate the effects of tDCS priming followed by rTMS applied over the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) on emotional working memory.MethodsIn a randomized single-blind within-subjects design, participants performed an emotional 3-back task at baseline and after tDCS priming (anodal, cathodal) and subsequent low-frequency rTMS (active, sham) of the right DLPFC. Stimuli consisted of words related to the distinct emotion categories fear and anger as well as neutral words.ResultsTask accuracy increased for fear-related words and decreased for neutral words across stimulation conditions. No general state-dependent effects of prefrontal rTMS on working memory were found. We further showed a detrimental effect of negative emotional content on working memory performance.ConclusionsOur findings support a hemispheric lateralization of emotion processing by demonstrating that the withdrawal-related emotion fear is associated with the right DLPFC and contribute to clarifying the interaction between working memory and emotion.     

无痛结肠镜下大肠息肉切除1229例临床效果观察

结肠镜下进行大肠息肉切除共2 256例,分为无痛组1 229例和常规组1 027例。无痛组治疗时间为(14.2±2.8)min,常规组为(18.1±3.2)min(P<0.05);成功率无痛组为97.25%,常规组为92.36%,(P<0.05);满意程度无痛组明显提高(P<0.05);腹痛腹胀、血管迷走反射和术中体动等不良反应无痛组显著低于常规组(P<0.01);舌后坠、头晕等不良反应无痛组显著高于常规组(P<0.01或0.05);肠道穿孔等严重并发症发生率两组无明显差异。     

Clear cell papillary renal cell carcinoma: a clinicopathological study emphasizing ultrastructural features and cytogenetic heterogeneity

Clear cell papillary renal cell carcinoma (CCPRCC) is a recently recognized renal neoplasm, which was initially described in end-stage renal disease (ESRD), but some cases have been reported in otherwise normal kidneys. We report a series of 11 CCPRCC (age range, 33-72 years; male-to-female ratio, 8:3). Follow-up was available for 8 patients. No patients developed local recurrence, distant or lymph-node metastasis, or cancer death. Histologically, all tumors exhibit morphologic features typical of CCPRCC including a mixture of cystic and papillary components, covered by small to medium-sized cuboidal cells with abundant clear cytoplasm. All 11 cases exhibited moderate to strong positivity for CK7, CA9, Vim, and HIF-1α, coupled with negative reactions for CD10, P504S, and RCC. We did not find any VHL gene mutations in all 11 cases. Losses of chromosomes 3 (monoploid chromosome 3) was detected in 3 cases. Ultrastructurally, the tumor cells composed of numerous glycogens with scanty cell organelles, reminiscent of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC). In conclusion, the coexpression of CA9 and HIF-1α in the absence of VHL gene abnormalities in CCPRCC suggests activation of the HIF pathway by mechanisms independent of VHL gene mutation. Losses of chromosomes 3 (monosomies chromosome 3) was detected in 3 cases suggesting that at least some of these lesions have demonstrated abnormalities of chromosomes 3. Ultrastructurally, CCPRCC composed of numerous glycogens with scanty cell organelles, reminiscent of CCRCC suggesting the close pathogenesis relationship of CCPRCC with CCRCC.     

LED固化灯光照强度对光固化复合树脂聚合收缩的影响

目的采用数字图像相关法动态研究LED光固化灯不同光照强度对光固化复合树脂聚合收缩的影响。方法收集12颗大小接近的新鲜离体磨牙,随机分为3组,制备大小为2.0 mm×2.0 mm×2.0mm的邻(?)面洞形,洞面酸蚀冲洗后涂粘接剂光照10 s,充填3M Z350纳米复合树脂,邻面快速制造散斑,LED固化灯垂直(?)面光照40s,3组光照强度分别为300 mW/cm~2、500 mW/cm~2和800 mW/cm~2,数码相机同步实时采集光照过程中试件表面散斑的变化序列图像,用数字图像相关法计算获得各序列图上逐个像素点水平方向(x)和垂直方向(y)位移,统计线性收缩率,描绘各像素点的时域变化曲线,并用SPSS 12.01统计软件包进行方差分析和配对t检验。结果 3种光照强度下树脂x方向线收缩率分别为0.081%～0.486%、0.004%～0.316%和0.063%～0.560%,y方向线收缩率分别为0.088%～0.981%、0.003%～0.77%和0.157%～1.252%,3组之间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);3组第20 s树脂游离面收缩x方向位移差异无统计学意义,y方向位移差异有统计学意义。结论 LED光固化灯500 mW/cm~2光照时引起的树脂聚合收缩最小。     

Role of glycogen synthase kinase 3β in protective effect of propofol against hepatic ischemia–reperfusion injury

Background

It was previously reported that propofol, an intravenously administered hypnotic and anesthetic agent, protects organs from ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury. However, the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. Glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) is known to play an important role in the oxidative stress–induced apoptosis. In this study, we investigated the role of GSK-3β and mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) in the protective effects of propofol against hepatic I/R injury.

Materials and methods

The left and median hepatic artery and the portal vein branches were blocked by no-damage artery clips to create the model of partial ischemia (70%), and liver lobes were subjected to warm ischemia for 30, 60, 90 min, respectively. Reperfusion of 120 min was then initiated by the removal of clamp. The MPTP opening was assessed by measuring mitochondrial large amplitude swelling and mitochondrial membrane potential.

Results

Pretreatment with propofol in conditions of hepatic I/R inhibits the apoptosis of hepatocytes as evidenced by decreased terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling–positive cells. Importantly, propofol suppressed the mitochondrial GSK-3β by promoting or preserving its phosphorylation at Ser9, thus restraining the opening of MPTP and preventing the mitochondrial swell and mitochondrial membrane potential collapse.

Conclusions

Propofol protects liver from I/R injury by sustaining the mitochondrial function, which is possibly involved with the modulation of MPTP and GSK-3β.     

Developing and piloting an expert system for better routine voluntary HIV counseling and testing in China: preliminary results and lessons

This study aims at developing and testing a pragmatic expert system for HIV voluntary counseling (VCT-ES) that leverages best practices. The VCT-ES was developed via evolutionary prototyping and piloted in 10 voluntary HIV counseling and testing (VCT) clinics from Anhui and Beijing representative of prefecture and county level VCT clinics in China. All counselors with the clinics and the clients to the clinics within selected two weeks at baseline and the end of study were invited to participate. Assessment measures included essential counseling procedures (ECPs); clients' satisfaction, knowledge, and behavior efficacy. VCT-ES was developed which tries to model and facilitate standard VCT operation procedures and best practices. One hundred and eighty-two (96 at baseline vs. 86 after intervention) cases recordings, 172 (96 vs. 76) client questionnaires, 10 counselor, and 2 expert rating instruments were collected; and 17 clients and 8 counselors participated in qualitative interviews. VCT-ES increased delivery of ECPs from 18.94% to 66.39% on average; increased clients' knowledge from 40.51% to 86.34% and self-efficacy by 22.42%. The VCT-ES applications listed were rated 9.1 on average (maximum = 10). The VCT-ES could be an easy and effective solution to better routine VCT and merits further research.