推拿治疗小儿泄泻伤食证多中心随机对照研究

目的客观评价推拿治疗小儿泄泻伤食证的有效性。方法多中心、分层区组随机、平行对照临床研究方法。由3个中心协作完成小儿急性泄泻伤食证111例,包括观察组(推拿治疗)80例、对照组(培菲康和思密达治疗)31例。袪除脱落病例后,观察组76例、对照组30例。治疗2个疗程(6 d)后观察疗效。结果观察组疗效显著优于对照组(P<0.01)。2个疗程后,观察组主症总积分及分症(大便质地、质量)积分改善均优于对照组(P<0.01),而两组分症(大便次数、性状)积分改善差异无统计学意义。观察组总积分改善优于对照组(P<0.01)。结论推拿辨证疗法治疗小儿泄泻伤食证疗效优于西药(思密达+培菲康),值得推广应用。     

Gut-derived lipopolysaccharide promotes alcoholic hepatosteatosis and subsequent hepatocellular carcinoma by stimulating neutrophil extracellular traps through toll-like receptor 4

Background/AimsBinge drinking leads to many disorders, including alcoholic hepatosteatosis, which is characterized by intrahepatic neutrophil infiltration and increases the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Molecular mechanisms may involve the migration of bacterial metabolites from the gut to the liver and the activation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs).MethodsSerum samples from both binge drinking and alcohol-avoiding patients were analyzed. Mouse models of chronic plus binge alcohol-induced hepatosteatosis and HCC models were used.ResultsA marker of NETs formation, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), was significantly higher in alcoholic hepatosteatosis and HCC patients and mice than in controls. Intrahepatic inflammation markers and HCC-related cytokines were decreased in mice with reduced NET formation due to neutrophil elastase (NE) deletion, and liver-related symptoms of alcohol were also alleviated in NE knockout mice. Removal of intestinal bacteria with antibiotics led to decreases in markers of NETs formation and inflammatory cytokines upon chronic alcohol consumption, and development of alcoholic hepatosteatosis and HCC was also attenuated. These functions were restored upon supplementation with the bacterial product LPS. When mice lacking toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) received chronic alcohol feeding, intrahepatic markers of NETs formation decreased, and hepatosteatosis and HCC were alleviated.ConclusionsFormation of NETs following LPS stimulation of TLR4 upon chronic alcohol use leads to increased alcoholic steatosis and subsequent HCC.     

Effects of Forging and Heat Treatment on Martensite Lath,Recrystallization and Mechanical Properties Evolution of 18Ni(250) Maraging Steel

The manufacturing process of maraging steel parts include forging, heat treatment and other technological links, and the strengthening mechanism at different stages is different, which has an important impact on the process design of forgings. To investigate the strengthening behavior of maraging steel, forging experiments with different deformation amounts and heat treatment conditions were carried out, and the microstructural and mechanical properties evolution of 18Ni(250) steel was analyzed. The experimental results show that the size of the martensite lath is affected by multiple factors such as the influence of grain size, recrystallization and martensite substructure fraction. The strengthening mechanism of maraging steel during forging and heat treatment is different. Forging combined with heat treatment can refine grains, and the internal defects of the original material can be better eliminated. The thermal deformation can better play the role of grain refinement compared with cyclic phase transformation, which can improve the plasticity of 18Ni(250) maraging steel.     

Efficacy of Renshen (Radix Ginseng) plus Fuzi (Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata) on myocardial infarction by enhancing autophagy in rats

OBJECTIVE:To elucidate the protective effects of Renshen (Radix Ginseng) and Fuzi (Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata) on myocardial infarction (MI)through regul...     

盐酸甜菜碱制备工艺的改进

用氢氧化钙中和氯乙酸，制得的氯乙酸钙经与过量三甲胺反应、盐酸酸化生成盐酸甜菜碱的氯化钙水溶液，经过滤、浓缩、冷却，制得盐酸甜菜碱。以氯乙酸计收率91％。     

A new isoquinolinone derivative with noble vasorelaxation activity

The pharmacological effects of BDPBI (7-bromo-1,4-dihydro-2-phenyl-4,4-bis(4-pyridinylmethyl)2H-isoquinolin-3-one dihydrochloride) were tested on isolated endothelium-containing or denuded aorta of the guinea pig. BDPBI with the formula C(27)H(24)BrCl(2)N(3)O was synthesized starting with 3-isochromanone. In the endothelium-containing preparations of the aortic rings, phenylephrine (PHE; 10 micromol/l) elicited contracture and acetylcholine (ACh; 10 micromol/l) or BDPBI (0.01-10 micromol/l) elicited relaxation effects on the PHE-precontracted preparations. The BDPBI-elicited effect on the PHE-precontracted aortic rings was not altered in the presence of adrenergic blockers (propranolol or yohimbine; 1 micromol/l) or pretreated preparations with aspirin, indomethacin (10 micromol/l) or L-NAME (1 mmol/l). However, the relaxation effects of BDPBI were blocked if the preparations were pretreated with diphenhydramine (10 micromol/l) or chloropheniramine maleate (10 micromol/l). In contrast to lower concentrations of atropine (1 micromol/l), higher concentrations of atropine (30 micromol/l) did block the effects of BDPBI on the PHE-precontracted aortic rings. HTMT dimaleate (0.01-10 micromol/l), a histamine H(1) receptor agonist, also elicited relaxation effects on the PHE-precontracted preparation, and the effects were blocked if the preparations were pretreated with diphenhydramine or chloropheniramine maleate. On isolated denuded aorta of the guinea pig, BDPBI did not elicit relaxation effects on the PHE-precontracted aortic rings. These results demonstrated that the vasorelaxation effect of BDPBI on PHE-precontracted aortic rings is partly dependent on the activation of a histaminergic receptor from the vascular endothelium. We suggested that BDPBI would be an effective vasorelaxant for cardiovascular systems.     

维生素C对顺铂杀伤卵巢癌细胞的影响

目的:探讨维生素C 是否能影响顺铂杀伤卵巢癌细胞株OVCAR5、SKOV3、CAOV3,并对其作用机制进行初探。方法:使用梯度浓度维生素C及顺铂处理卵巢癌细胞株,显微镜下观测细胞的形态学变化;使用ATP-TCA方法检测细胞生长抑制情况。选择对维生素C敏感的卵巢癌细胞株。氧化敏感探针DCFH-DA标记细胞 ,检测不同浓度维生素C处理不同时间后细胞内过氧化氢(H2O2 )水平。结果:三株卵巢癌细胞维生素C处理的敏感度不同,但总体呈现出随着维生素C浓度的增加,细胞受到抑制作用增加,维生素C对于顺铂杀伤细胞的作用具有辅助加强效应,该作用呈现剂量依赖效应。其中较低浓度维生素C处理OVCAR5细胞15min各组胞内H2O2 水平相比对照组稍高,当处理浓度为5 000μmol/L时细胞H2O2 水平明显升高,达到164%。培养30min后,荧光强度显示细胞内H2O2 水平比15min时升高更明显。不同浓度组分别达到对照组的94%、106%、122%、188%,培养60min后检测荧光强度发现各给药组H2O2 水平均已低于对照组。12h后检测到细胞内的H2O2 水平处于更低水平,各组均未达到对照组的50%。结论:较高浓度维生素C能增强顺铂杀伤卵巢癌细胞株的能力,并呈现一定的剂量依赖性。该结果可能由于维生素 C通过自氧化机制产生过氧化氢促进卵巢癌细胞凋亡。     

卡托普利防治腹主动脉狭窄性高血压大鼠心肌肥厚的形态定量研究

方法选用腹主动脉狭窄的大鼠实验性心肌肥厚模型,采用光镜、电镜形态计量手段,定量观察了血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂卡托普利防治心肌肥厚的作用,并比较了倍他乐克对心肌肥厚的作用。结果卡托普利组大鼠的全心／体重比、心肌组织／间质比、心肌细胞横径及心肌细胞线粒体体密度与对照组类似（p＞0．05）,明显不同于心肌肥厚组（p＜0．05）,而倍他乐克组上述多指标与心肌肥厚组相似（p＞0．05）。本实验表明卡托普利通过保护心肌细胞及间质而使心肌组织免遭损伤因素刺激发生肥厚的作用,即对大鼠高血压性。心肌肥厚具有良好的防治作用。     

Analgesic and anti-arthritic effects of Lingzhi and San Miao San supplementation in a rat model of arthritis induced by Freund's complete adjuvant

Aim of study

In this study, we have investigated the analgesic and anti-arthritic effects of a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) combination of Lingzhi and San Miao San (SMS) in a rat model of arthritis induced by Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA).

Materials and methods

Sprague–Dawley rats were induced with monoarthritis by single unilateral injection of FCA into the knee joint. The TCM combination was administered to the rats daily by intraperitoneal injection (50 mg/(kg day)) or via oral administration (500 mg/(kg day)) for 7 days before induction of arthritis and 7 days after. Extension angle that provoked struggling behavior, and size and blood flow of the rat knees were measured to give indexes of allodynia, edema, and hyperemia, respectively. The extent of cell infiltration, tissue proliferation, and erosions of joint cartilage provided additional indexes of the arthritis condition.

Results

FCA injection produced significant allodynia, edema, hyperemia, immune cell infiltration, synovial tissue proliferation, and erosions of joint cartilage in the ipsilateral knees compared with the contralateral saline-injected knees. Intraperitoneal injection of the TCM combination (50 mg/(kg day)) suppressed allodynia, edema, and hyperemia in the inflamed knees, and oral administration (500 mg/(kg day)) suppressed edema and hyperemia. Histological examination showed that the TCM administered by either route reduced immune cell infiltration and erosion of joint cartilage.

Conclusions

These findings suggest the Lingzhi and SMS formulation has analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects in arthritic rat knees, and concur to previous clinical studies that showed the TCM combination reduced pain in rheumatoid arthritis patients, and extends its possible benefit to suppression of inflammatory symptoms in these patients.