全文获取类型
收费全文 | 2574篇 |
免费 | 168篇 |
国内免费 | 19篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 104篇 |
儿科学 | 64篇 |
妇产科学 | 174篇 |
基础医学 | 333篇 |
口腔科学 | 83篇 |
临床医学 | 258篇 |
内科学 | 495篇 |
皮肤病学 | 14篇 |
神经病学 | 247篇 |
特种医学 | 206篇 |
外科学 | 307篇 |
综合类 | 12篇 |
一般理论 | 1篇 |
预防医学 | 178篇 |
眼科学 | 15篇 |
药学 | 179篇 |
中国医学 | 2篇 |
肿瘤学 | 89篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 16篇 |
2021年 | 38篇 |
2020年 | 23篇 |
2019年 | 36篇 |
2018年 | 51篇 |
2017年 | 42篇 |
2016年 | 54篇 |
2015年 | 51篇 |
2014年 | 46篇 |
2013年 | 93篇 |
2012年 | 100篇 |
2011年 | 83篇 |
2010年 | 60篇 |
2009年 | 65篇 |
2008年 | 81篇 |
2007年 | 138篇 |
2006年 | 111篇 |
2005年 | 104篇 |
2004年 | 92篇 |
2003年 | 87篇 |
2002年 | 92篇 |
2001年 | 96篇 |
2000年 | 90篇 |
1999年 | 64篇 |
1998年 | 50篇 |
1997年 | 40篇 |
1996年 | 39篇 |
1995年 | 28篇 |
1994年 | 25篇 |
1993年 | 35篇 |
1992年 | 42篇 |
1991年 | 29篇 |
1990年 | 46篇 |
1989年 | 48篇 |
1988年 | 48篇 |
1987年 | 53篇 |
1986年 | 43篇 |
1985年 | 48篇 |
1984年 | 32篇 |
1983年 | 26篇 |
1982年 | 23篇 |
1981年 | 19篇 |
1980年 | 22篇 |
1979年 | 23篇 |
1978年 | 23篇 |
1977年 | 30篇 |
1976年 | 19篇 |
1975年 | 35篇 |
1973年 | 27篇 |
1940年 | 15篇 |
排序方式: 共有2761条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
91.
92.
Dr. Andreas Schindler Rainer Thomasius Peter-Michael Sack Brigitte Gemeinhardt Udo Küstner 《Attachment & human development》2013,15(2):111-126
Abstract A new approach to assessing family attachment patterns is presented, using a composite measure of individual attachment representations based on the Bartholomew Attachment Interview. A cluster analysis yielded three different patterns in a sample of N = 37 families with a drug dependent adolescent (age 14 – 25) and both biological parents. A “triangulated” pattern (mothers: preoccupied; fathers: dismissing; adolescents: fearful) was found in 65% of the sample. A total of 19% showed an “insecure” pattern (mothers, fathers, and adolescents: fearful) and 16% a “near-secure” pattern (mothers and adolescents: secure; fathers preoccupied). Preliminary comparisons between these groups indicate differences in comorbid psychiatric disorders, in individual and family functioning, but not in addiction severity. There is a trend towards differences in outcome of family therapy. Implications for treatment and further research are discussed. 相似文献
93.
NA Hanchard DR Murdock PL Magoulas M Bainbridge D Muzny YQ Wu M Wang AL McGuire JR Lupski RA Gibbs CW Brown 《Clinical genetics》2013,83(5):457-461
The advent of whole‐exome next‐generation sequencing (WES) has been pivotal for the molecular characterization of Mendelian disease; however, the clinical applicability of WES has remained relatively unexplored. We describe our exploration of WES as a diagnostic tool in a 3½‐year old female patient with a 2‐year history of episodic muscle weakness and paroxysmal dystonia who presented following a previous extensive but unrevealing diagnostic work‐up. WES was performed on the proband and her two parents. Parental exome data was used to filter potential de novo genomic events in the proband and suspected variants were confirmed using di‐deoxy sequencing. WES revealed a de novo non‐synonymous mutation in exon 21 of the calcium channel gene CACNA1S that has been previously reported in a single patient as a rare cause of atypical hypokalemic periodic paralysis. This was unexpected, as the proband's original differential diagnosis had included hypokalemic periodic paralysis, but clinical and laboratory features were equivocal, and standard clinical molecular testing for hypokalemic periodic paralysis and related disorders was negative. This report highlights the potential diagnostic utility of WES in clinical practice, with implications for the approach to similar diagnostic dilemmas in the future. 相似文献
94.
Chantal Stoepker Eunike Velleuer Richard Friedl Birgit Gottwald‐Mühlhauser Johan P. de Winter Detlev Schindler 《Human mutation》2013,34(1):93-96
Fanconi anemia (FA) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by congenital malformations, progressive bone marrow failure (BMF), and susceptibility to malignancies. FA is caused by biallelic or hemizygous mutations in one of 15 known FA genes, whose products are involved in the FA/BRCA DNA damage response pathway. Here, we report on a patient with previously unknown mutations of the most recently identified FA gene, SLX4/FANCP. Whole exome sequencing (WES) revealed a nonsense mutation and an unusual splice site mutation resulting in the partial replacement of exonic with intronic bases, thereby removing a nuclear localization signal. Immunoblotting detected no residual SLX4 protein, which was consistent with abrogated interactions with XPF/ERCC1 and MUS81/EME1. This cellular finding did not result in a more severe clinical phenotype than that of previously reported FA‐P patients. Our study additionally exemplifies the versatility of WES for the detection of mutations in heterogenic disorders such as FA. 相似文献
95.
Mohammed Shaheen Lena Schindler Rotem Saar-Ashkenazy Kifah Bani Odeh Hermona Soreq Alon Friedman Clemens Kirschbaum 《Psychophysiology》2020,57(1):e13271
Violent conflicts are severe traumatic stressors with detrimental effects on physical and mental health, with children and adolescents being particularly at risk. For the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, characteristic patterns of dysregulation in trauma-exposed individuals have been shown. This study set out to investigate self-reported mental well-being in Palestinian adolescents growing up during the Israeli–Palestinian conflict. Hair cortisol concentrations (HCC) as a psychoendocrine marker for long-term HPA axis aberrations along with the potential protective factor sense of coherence (SoC; i.e., the global mindset to interpret the world and emerging stressors as comprehensible, manageable, and meaningful) were examined. Between 2014 and 2016, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, anxiety, HCC, and SoC were examined in 233 adolescents aged 11 to 16 from the West Bank. More than half of the participants reported trauma exposure, with 40% fulfilling the criteria of a preliminary PTSD diagnosis and a high prevalence of anxiety and depression. HCC was significantly elevated in the PTSD subgroup compared to the subgroup not exposed to any traumatic events (p = 0.046), with trauma-exposed individuals in between. HCC was further associated with typical sequelae of traumatic stress. Notably, SoC was inversely related to self-reported psychopathology, as well as to HCC in the trauma group. The results illustrate the situation of adolescents exposed to chronic traumatic stress and extend the literature on aberrant HPA axis functioning under such conditions. They also point out a central role of SoC, which may imply new strategies to aid individuals exposed to ongoing conflicts. 相似文献
96.
Schindler AE 《Maturitas》2003,46(Z1):S31-S37
Recently large, prospective, randomized studies on hormone replacement therapy (HRT) have indicated that the progestin use might interfere with hemostasis and thus increase venous thrombotic events. Therefore, available publications were evaluated to determine whether progestins interfere with hemostasis, either when given alone via oral or parenteral routes or in combination with ethinylestradiol as synthetic estrogen or natural estrogens. There are indications that such interference is dependent upon the type and dose of the progestin, the route of application, the length of treatment and the type and dose of the estrogen with which it is combined. For natural progesterone, no negative effects on the hemostatic system were seen with either oral or parenteral application, in cyclic or continuous regimens, for the doses investigated. Similarly, no unwanted effects were seen with progestin only pills (POP), independent of the type and dose of progestin, or parenteral progestins. With the high-dose progestins used in gynaecological oncology, the increased activation of the hemostatic system resulting from the disease itself has to be taken into account when looking at any increased incidence of thromboembolic events in these patients. For estrogen/progestin combinations, the risk of venous thromboembolism is attributed to the estrogen used. Recent studies showed an increased rate of thromboembolic events in association with desogestrel-and gestodene-containing oral contraceptives, compared with those containing levonorgestrel. With HRT, a decrease in antithrombin factors could explain the increased rate of venous thrombotic events. In conclusion, progestins seems to have different effects on the hemostatic system due to their different pattern of biological activities. This was also shown in the arterial vascular system, where some progestins may reduce the endothelium-dependent vasodilating action of estrogens and stimulate intima proliferation and upregulate thrombin receptor expression while other progestins did not. 相似文献
97.
98.
Martijn W Heymans Dirk L Knol Willem van Mechelen Henrica CW de Vet 《BMC medical research methodology》2007,7(1):33
Background
Missing data is a challenging problem in many prognostic studies. Multiple imputation (MI) accounts for imputation uncertainty that allows for adequate statistical testing. We developed and tested a methodology combining MI with bootstrapping techniques for studying prognostic variable selection. 相似文献99.
Impact of road traffic noise annoyance on health-related quality of life: results from a population-based study 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Julia Dratva Elisabeth Zemp Denise Felber Dietrich Pierre-Olivier Bridevaux Thierry Rochat Christian Schindler Margaret W. Gerbase 《Quality of life research》2010,19(1):37-46
Purpose
To estimate the impact of traffic-related noise annoyance on health-related quality of life (HrQoL) in a population-based study and potential effect modification by gender. 相似文献100.
Subbaya Subramanian Venugopal Thayanithy Robert B West Cheng‐Han Lee Andrew H Beck Shirley Zhu Erinn Downs‐Kelly Kelli Montgomery John R Goldblum Pancras CW Hogendoorn Christopher L Corless Andre M Oliveira Sarah M Dry Torsten O Nielsen Brian P Rubin Jonathan A Fletcher Christopher DM Fletcher Matt van de Rijn 《The Journal of pathology》2010,220(1):58-70
Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumours (MPNSTs) are aggressive soft tissue tumours that occur either sporadically or in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1. The malignant transformation of the benign neurofibroma to MPNST is incompletely understood at the molecular level. We have determined the gene expression signature for benign and malignant PNSTs and found that the major trend in malignant transformation from neurofibroma to MPNST consists of the loss of expression of a large number of genes, rather than widespread increase in gene expression. Relatively few genes are expressed at higher levels in MPNSTs and these include genes involved in cell proliferation and genes implicated in tumour metastasis. In addition, a gene expression signature indicating p53 inactivation is seen in the majority of MPNSTs. Subsequent microRNA profiling of benign and malignant PNSTs indicated a relative down‐regulation of miR‐34a in most MPNSTs compared to neurofibromas. In vitro studies using the cell lines MPNST‐14 (NF1 mutant) and MPNST‐724 (from a non‐NF1 individual) show that exogenous expression of p53 or miR‐34a promotes apoptotic cell death. In addition, exogenous expression of p53 in MPNST cells induces miR‐34a and other miRNAs. Our data show that p53 inactivation and subsequent loss of expression of miR‐34a may significantly contribute to the MPNST development. Collectively, our findings suggest that deregulation of miRNAs has a potential role in the malignant transformation process in peripheral nerve sheath tumours. Copyright © 2009 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献