早期限饲对肉鸡脂质过氧化和抗氧化酶活性长期影响

目的：观察早期限饲（出雏后两周隔天饲喂）对肉鸡脂质过氧化作用和抗氧化酶活性产生的长期影响，并通过与后期限饲（屠宰前两周隔天饲喂）比较，观察不同阶段限饲对肉鸡血清、肝脏、胸肌、腓肠肌丙二醛浓度、超氧化物歧化酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性的影响。方法：实验主要于2005—04／12在南京农业大学农业部动物生理生化重点开放实验室完成。实验分组：选取1日龄健康快三黄商品肉鸡100羽随机分为2组，对照组60羽，早期限饲组40羽。饲养至50日龄，从对照组随机选取20羽作为后期限饲组。实验处理：①早期限饲组，1-14日龄进行隔日限饲，以后自由采食。②后期限饲组，1～49日龄自由采食，50～63日龄进行隔日限饲。③对照组，全程自由采食。实验评估：记录每周体质量，检测14日龄对照组、早期限饲组，63日龄对照组、早期限饲组和后期限饲组血清、肝脏、胸肌、腓肠肌丙二醛浓度、超氧化物歧化酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性。结果：100羽实验动物均进入结果分析。①14日龄早期限饲组肉鸡血清、肝脏、胸肌和腓肠肌丙二醛浓度、超氧化物歧化酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性与对照组相比差异无显著性。②63日龄时早期限饲组血清丙二醛浓度和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性均显著高于对照组（P〈0．05），肝脏超氧化物歧化酶活性显著低于对照组（P〈0．05）；后期限饲组血清丙二醛浓度以及超氧化物歧化酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性均显著高于对照组（P〈0．05），而肝脏丙二醛浓度、胸肌超氧化物歧化酶活性显著低于对照组（P〈0．05），腓肠肌各项指标与对照组相比差异无显著性。后期限饲组血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性显著高于早期限饲组（P〈0．05）。后期限饲组肝脏丙二醛浓度显著低于早期限饲组，超氧化物歧化酶活性显著高于早期限饲组（P〈0．05）。结论：早期及后期限饲均能增强63日龄肉鸡体内整体水平脂质过氧化作用和抗氧化酶活性，早期限饲对肉鸡脂质过氧化作用和血清抗氧化酶活性的即时影响表现不明显，但其影响可以持续到后期。     

Induction of the apoptosis-promoting protein Bak by perillyl alcohol in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma relative to untransformed ductal epithelial cells

Perillyl alcohol has antitumor activity toward pancreas and other cancers with low toxicity. Here, we have investigated the mechanism of action responsible for the differential sensitivity of malignant versus non-malignant pancreatic cells to the drug. We report that the rate of apoptosis is over 6-fold higher in perillyl alcohol-treated pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells than in untreated cells, and that the effect of perillyl alcohol on pancreatic tumor cells is significantly greater than its effect on non-malignant pancreatic ductal cells. Moreover, the perillyl alcohol-induced increase in apoptosis in all of the pancreatic tumor cells is associated with a 2- to 8-fold increase in the expression of the proapoptotic protein Bak, but Bak expression is not affected by perillyl alcohol in non-malignant cells. Thus, the antitumor activity of perillyl alcohol toward pancreatic cancers may be due to preferential stimulation of Bak-induced apoptosis in malignant versus normal cells. Bak may, therefore, be a useful biomarker for the chemopreventive and therapeutic effects of perillyl alcohol.      

利用细胞装配系统直接形成组织工程三维复合支架

目的:为克服目前组织工程中细胞和材料的复合方法中存在的缺陷,利用细胞装配系统将细胞和材料的共混物按照预先设定的结构直接打印成三维复合支架,并通过体外培养检测支架里细胞的形态和活性。方法:实验于2006-06/2007-03在清华大学生物膜与膜生物工程国家重点实验室和清华大学机械系组织制造中心完成。①选用海藻酸盐和明胶的混合水凝胶作为支架材料,配制终浓度为7%且藻酸盐和明胶比例为3∶4的混合物,用CaCl2溶液交联后,冷冻干燥,用扫描电镜观察共混材料的内部结构。②取出生3～5 d的新西兰乳兔的关节软骨组织,用Ⅱ型胶原酶消化获得原代软骨细胞并体外扩增至2或3代后备用。③将软骨细胞悬液与复合水凝胶混合均匀后,再利用快速成形技术组装的细胞装配系统将此共混物直接打印成组织工程三维复合支架,并体外培养此复合支架。④在培养的1,7,14和21 d采用MTT的方法检测软骨细胞在支架中的增殖;培养7 d后用苏木精-伊红染色的组织学方法观测细胞的形态;培养14 d后采用免疫组化检测支架中软骨细胞的Ⅱ型胶原表达。结果:①扫描电镜观察的结果表明共混物的内部是交错的网格结构,有着互相连通的孔。②在细胞装配系统上按照预先设计的参数将细胞和材料直接组装为网格状的细胞/凝胶复合支架,尺寸为10 mm×10 mm×6 mm,锥虫蓝染色表明成形后支架里细胞的存活率大于90%。③MTT实验表明软骨细胞在细胞/凝胶的支架里增殖很快,21 d的吸光度是1 d的3.5倍。④苏木精-伊红染色显示体外培养7 d后,复合支架里的软骨细胞都是圆形的,是生理状态下软骨细胞的正常状态,而且还可以看到正在分裂的细胞。⑤免疫组化的结果表明培养14 d后,培养在支架里的软骨细胞仍保持着分泌Ⅱ型胶原的活性。结论:通过细胞装配系统按照预先设定的结构形成包含细胞的软骨组织工程三维支架,成形的一系列操作对细胞损伤极小,并且支架里的软骨细胞在体外培养中能够正常的生长,具有生理形态和软骨活性,从而为软骨修复提供了新途径。     

An unusual cause of trachael stenosis

PURPOSE: To report a large chronic tracheal foreign body, causing tracheal stenosis in an 11-yr-old girl. CLINICAL FEATURES: The history was suggestive of obstructive airways disease with secondary bronchiectasis. Physical findings were crepitations and rhonchi all over the chest. Blood gases were normal. Chest X-ray showed bronchiectasis and a ventilation perfusion scan identified a tracheo-esophageal fistula. During anesthesia to confirm this, intubation and ventilation were difficult because of tracheal stenosis. The hypoventilation resulted in severe hypercarbia and acidosis. A subsequent CT scan showed a stenosis of 2 mm diameter and 1 cm length in the middle third of trachea, bronchiectasis, and an air filled pocket between the trachea and esophagus. PFT showed a severe obstruction. Antitubercular treatment which was started on the presumptive diagnosis of tuberculous stenosis and tracheoesophageal fistula caused a delay with deterioration of patient from intermittent dyspnea to orthopnea with severe hypecarbia and acidosis. The anesthetic management of the tracheal reconstruction was difficult due to her moribund condition even after medical treatment, the short length of the trachea above the obstruction, its severity and lack of resources for alternative techniques. A large foreign body was found lying obliquely in the trachea dividing it into an anterior narrow airway mimicking a stenosed trachea, and a wider posterior blind passage. CONCLUSION: The anesthetic consequences were peculiar to the unexpected etiology of the stenosis and poor general condition of the patient. Minor details like the tracheal tube bevel and ventilatory pattern became vitally important.     

美托洛尔光学异构体在犬体内的药动学-药效学结合模型

用麻醉犬研究美托洛尔(Met)光学异构体药动学—药效学结合模型。结果表明,ig(+)-Met或(-)-Met后,其药动学符合二室模型,药动学参数V_d/F,CLs/F和AUC在两种Met之间有显著性差异。(+)-Met和(-)-Met的效应和血药浓度关系呈逆时针滞后环。引入效应室理论后,药效和效应室浓度之间的关系符合Sigmoid-E_max模型。应用CAPP软件进行模型拟合,血药浓度的预测值和药效的预测值皆与其实测值较为接近。(+)-Met抑制V_max,dp/dt_max及HR效应的Ce₅₀分别是(-)-Met的3.7,6.8,6.3倍,证实(-)-Met对犬心脏的抑制作用强于(+)-Met。     

Change in knowledge of general practitioners during their professional careers

In this study the level of knowledge of general practitioners(GPs) in different stages of their career, from the undergraduatelevel onwards to more than 20 years after certification, hasbeen investigated. The total body of knowledge as well as theknowledge about different aspects of care was established. Participantswere 108 medical students, 445 postgraduate trainees in sixdifferent stages of their training and 351 GPs with 5 to morethan 20 years of experience. They all took the same writtentest, designed to assess knowledge closely related to patientcare. An increase in test score was found from the start ofpostgraduate training onwards followed by a decrease starting5–10 years after certification. The curves for the differentaspects of care varied. It is concluded that the body of knowledgeof GP-trainees in creases during postgraduate training and reachesthe level of knowledge of GPs who are less than 10 years certified.From 10 years after certification onwards the knowledge decreasesas well as changes over time. The latter had also been foundin two American studies relating to the knowledge of certifiedGPs and internists. The results seem important for the organizationand content of postgraduate training and continuous medicaleducation.     

薄层色谱溶剂系统的最优化方法——Ⅵ.均匀设计法的再探讨

就第Ⅱ报及第Ⅴ报提出的用于选取薄层色谱最佳溶剂系统的均匀设计法进行了进一步的改进及实验验证,使其更趋完善。结果表明,该法不仅适用于已知混合物,而且适用于未知混合物,是一种比较简捷、快速且行之有效的方法。     

Trends in the treatment of acute diarrhoeas in infancy

Focus is on studies of acute diarrheal diseases that have been conducted at the Pediatric Center in Bombay, India and at other Indian centers. The objective is to present the picture of acute diarrheal disease in infancy as seen in a large developing country like India. Of a total admission of 16,252 cases over a 5-year period, 2835 were of acute diarrhea, constituting 17.3% of the total admissions. 89.1% of these cases occurred under age 2; 10.9% were in the age group of 3-12 years. There were 440 deaths in 2835 cases, i.e. the mortality rate in diarrhea was 15.5%, but it varied from 12-19% in a 5-year period. Of a total of 2088 deaths due to all cases in a 5-year period, diarrhea was responsible for 21%. Bacteriological and virological studies in a series of 642 cases studied throughtout India showed pathogenic organisms in 19.7% to 69.7% of cases and non-pathogenic organisms 15.2% to 80.3%. Bacteriological and virological studies of the stools revealed presence of specific type of E. coli in majority, and shigella, strepto- and staphylococci in a few cases. The incidence of malnutrition is very high in acute diarrhea and the importance of correction of nutritional deficits cannot be over stressed. The great hope lies in prevention of diarrhea by improvement in nutrition of children, prevention of malnutrition, improved sanitation, environmental conditions and health education.     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术后胆瘘及急性胰腺炎1例

1病例报告女,53岁,慢性胆囊炎急性发作,经抗炎后行腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC),术后7 d发热,T 37.5～38.9℃.