Correction to: Features of intracranial hemorrhage in cerebral venous thrombosis

Journal of Neurology - The original version of this article unfortunately contained mistakes. The correct information is given below.     

Exogenous hormone use and cutaneous melanoma risk in women: The European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition

Evidence suggests an influence of sex hormones on cutaneous melanoma risk, but epidemiologic findings are conflicting. We examined the associations between use of oral contraceptives (OCs) and menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) and melanoma risk in women participating in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). EPIC is a prospective cohort study initiated in 1992 in 10 European countries. Information on exogenous hormone use at baseline was derived from country-specific self-administered questionnaires. We used Cox proportional hazards regression models to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Over 1992–2015, 1,696 melanoma cases were identified among 334,483 women, whereof 770 cases among 134,758 postmenopausal women. There was a positive, borderline-significant association between OC use and melanoma risk (HR = 1.12, 95% CI = 1.00–1.26), with no detected heterogeneity across countries (p_homogeneity = 0.42). This risk increased linearly with duration of use (p_trend = 0.01). Among postmenopausal women, ever use of MHT was associated with a nonsignificant increase in melanoma risk overall (HR = 1.14, 95% CI = 0.97–1.43), which was heterogeneous across countries (p_homogeneity = 0.05). Our findings do not support a strong and direct association between exogenous hormone use and melanoma risk. In order to better understand these relations, further research should be performed using prospectively collected data including detailed information on types of hormone, and on sun exposure, which may act as an important confounder or effect modifier on these relations.     

Effect of cold storage on the haemostatic cascade systems

This study dealt with the effect of citrate phosphate dextrose adenine (CPDA) whole blood stored at 4 degrees C for 5 weeks and fresh frozen plasma at -30 degrees C for 12 months on coagulation, fibrinolytic and kallikrein system activation. Stored whole blood showed a significant decrease in ATIII activity by the second week with a significant decrease in thrombin-antithrombin complex by the fourth week. alpha 2-antiplasmin and plasminogen decreased significantly by the first and second week, respectively, accompanied by a significant increase in D-dimer level by the fourth week. A significant decrease in C1-inhibitor activity occurred by the first week associated with a significant increase in kallikrein activity by the third week. However, all measured parameters were minimally affected in fresh frozen plasma. Therefore, fresh frozen plasma supplemented with packed RBCs are preferred to whole blood stored over 3 weeks especially in patients with proteolytic enzyme system activation.     

Management of endometrial polyps in subfertile women: a systematic review

The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate the evidence for the impact of polypectomy on fecundity, implantation and live birth rates in women who are trying to conceive spontaneously or by assisted conception. A literature search was performed to identify all controlled studies that compared the effects of polypectomy or conservative management of the polyp on pregnancy outcome. Among the three studies that met the inclusion criteria, only one was a randomized controlled trial, which reported a significantly higher pregnancy rates after polypectomy in women undergoing intrauterine insemination. The other two studies were retrospective and suggested no beneficial effects of polypectomy on women undergoing assisted conception. Meta-analytic pool was not feasible as the studies varied in their design and the characteristics. While there is some evidence from basic science studies to suggest a detrimental effect of polyps on fertility, the evidence from clinical studies is scarce and conflicting. Polyps diagnosed prior to commencement of controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) for in vitro fertilization (IVF) should therefore be removed. The management of polyps seen during the course of COH for IVF should be individualized given the number of embryos created, the previous reproductive history of the patient and the individual clinics’ success rates for their frozen embryo programme.     

Biological Effects of Pyrimethinal on Aquatic Worms (Tubifex tubifex) Under Laboratory Conditions

Laboratory studies were conducted to determine the effects of different concentrations of pyrimethinal on protein contents, and some oxidative stress in Tubifex tubifex after an exposure of 2, 4, and 7 days. Residues of the fungicide were followed in water and in the worms. In water, pyrimethinal concentration decreased slowly (maximum ?6.4 % ± 0.8 % after 2 days for 25 mg L^?1). In the worms, it increased after 4 days and decreased thereafter. LC₅₀ values were between 49.2 ± 0.58 and 39.5 ± 0.95 mg L^?1 depending on exposure time. The activity of catalase increased in response to the fungicide after 2 days of exposure to 25 mg L^?1 of pyrimethinal (+90 %). The highest decrease of glutathione-S-transferase activity (?29.7 %) was found after 7 days in the presence of 25 mg L^?1.     

Childhood-onset chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy with cranial nerve involvement

A 17-year-old male presented with chronic diplopia and generalized motor weakness. He was previously diagnosed with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis in childhood. Cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a rarely reported finding of thickening and enhancement of multiple cranial nerves. Nerve conduction studies and electromyography showed peripheral nerve demyelination with axonal involvement. There was improvement in the clinical examination, MRI, and electrophysiologic studies after combined corticosteroid and plasma exchange therapy. We review the clinical presentation, course, and response to therapy among children with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy, with specific emphasis on the frequency and pattern of cranial nerve involvement.