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91.
Usman Saeed Saira S. Mirza Bradley J. MacIntosh Nathan Herrmann Julia Keith Joel Ramirez Sean M. Nestor Qinggang Yu Jo Knight Walter Swardfager Steven G. Potkin Ekaterina Rogaeva Peter St. George-Hyslop Sandra E. Black Mario Masellis 《Alzheimer's & dementia》2018,14(9):1137-1147
Introduction
Although the apolipoprotein E ε4-allele (APOE-ε4) is a susceptibility factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), its relationship with imaging and cognitive measures across the AD/DLB spectrum remains unexplored.Methods
We studied 298 patients (AD = 250, DLB = 48; 38 autopsy-confirmed; NCT01800214) using neuropsychological testing, volumetric magnetic resonance imaging, and APOE genotyping to investigate the association of APOE-ε4 with hippocampal volume and learning/memory phenotypes, irrespective of diagnosis.Results
Across the AD/DLB spectrum: (1) hippocampal volumes were smaller with increasing APOE-ε4 dosage (no genotype × diagnosis interaction observed), (2) learning performance as assessed by total recall scores was associated with hippocampal volumes only among APOE-ε4 carriers, and (3) APOE-ε4 carriers performed worse on long-delay free word recall.Discussion
These findings provide evidence that APOE-ε4 is linked to hippocampal atrophy and learning/memory phenotypes across the AD/DLB spectrum, which could be useful as biomarkers of disease progression in therapeutic trials of mixed disease. 相似文献92.
Habib Kedir Rebecca Miller Faizaan Syed Mohammed Hakim Hina Walia Dmitry Tumin Christopher McKee Joseph D. Tobias 《Journal of pediatric surgery》2019,54(10):2075-2079
BackgroundAlthough preoperative anemia has been suggested to predict postsurgical morbidity and mortality among infants < 1 year of age, the data were drawn from heterogeneous patient cohorts including severely ill infants undergoing complex, high-risk procedures. We aimed to determine whether untreated preoperative anemia was associated with increased risk of postoperative complications in infants < 1 year of age who underwent pyloromyotomy, a common and relatively simple surgery.MethodsInfants < 1 year of age undergoing pyloromyotomy were identified from the American College of Surgeons (ACS) National Surgical Quality Improvement Program-Pediatric database. Preoperative anemia was defined as a hematocrit ≤ 40% for infants 0–30 days of age and ≤ 30% for infants more than 30 days of age. Patients who received pre- or postoperative blood transfusions were excluded.ResultsWe identified 2948 patients who met our inclusion criteria, of whom 843 were anemic (29%). The overall rate of complications in this cohort was 6%. The most common postoperative complications were readmission (97 cases), surgical site infection (43), reoperation (39), prolonged hospital stay (24), urinary tract infection (3), 30-day mortality (3) and cardiac arrest (2). We found no differences in the incidence of complications in anemic versus nonanemic patients on bivariate analysis or multivariable logistic regression (adjusted odds ratio = 1.2; 95% confidence interval: 0.8–1.7; P = 0.319).ConclusionsIn relatively healthy infants undergoing pyloromyotomy, untreated preoperative anemia was not associated with postoperative compilations and should not be considered a significant risk factor.Level of evidence III. 相似文献
93.
Takahiro Kataoka Hina Shuto Shota Naoe Junki Yano Norie Kanzaki Akihiro Sakoda Hiroshi Tanaka Katsumi Hanamoto Fumihiro Mitsunobu Hiroaki Terato Kiyonori Yamaoka 《Journal of radiation research》2021,62(5):861
Radon inhalation decreases the level of lipid peroxide (LPO); this is attributed to the activation of antioxidative functions. This activation contributes to the beneficial effects of radon therapy, but there are no studies on the risks of radon therapy, such as DNA damage. We evaluated the effect of radon inhalation on DNA damage caused by oxidative stress and explored the underlying mechanisms. Mice were exposed to radon inhalation at concentrations of 2 or 20 kBq/m3 (for one, three, or 10 days). The 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels decreased in the brains of mice that inhaled 20 kBq/m3 radon for three days and in the kidneys of mice that inhaled 2 or 20 kBq/m3 radon for one, three or 10 days. The 8-OHdG levels in the small intestine decreased by approximately 20–40% (2 kBq/m3 for three days or 20 kBq/m3 for one, three or 10 days), but there were no significant differences in the 8-OHdG levels between mice that inhaled a sham treatment and those that inhaled radon. There was no significant change in the levels of 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase, which plays an important role in DNA repair. However, the level of Mn-superoxide dismutase (SOD) increased by 15–60% and 15–45% in the small intestine and kidney, respectively, following radon inhalation. These results suggest that Mn-SOD probably plays an important role in the inhibition of oxidative DNA damage. 相似文献
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Paul E. Gottschall Joanne M. Ajmo Autumn K. Eakin Matthew D. Howell Hina Mehta Lauren A. Bailey 《Experimental brain research. Experimentelle Hirnforschung. Expérimentation cérébrale》2010,201(4):885-893
The purpose of this study was to develop ELISAs for key neural proteins, three synaptic and one glial, that exist in different
intracellular compartments, which would be used as a measure of synaptic phenotype. These assays would be valuable to neurologically
phenotype transgenic mouse models of human disease and also human disease itself using minimal amounts of post-mortem tissue.
We showed that supernatant from crude brain tissue homogenates extracted in RIPA buffer containing 0.1% SDS bind to synaptophysin,
synaptosome-associated protein of 25 kDa (SNAP-25), post-synaptic density-95 (PSD-95), and glial fibrillary acidic protein
(GFAP) antibody pairs with high affinity and selectivity. Overall, RIPA + 0.1% SDS were more efficient than RIPA + 2% SDS
or a buffer containing only 1% Triton-X-100. Diluting the brain extracts resulted in dose-dependent binding to the antibody
pairs for each neural protein, with EC50s that varied from 8.6 μg protein for PSD-95 to 0.23 μg for GFAP. The assays were
used to measure synaptic marker protein levels at various times during mouse development and GFAP in a model of disease accompanied
by neuroinflammation. Comparison of ELISAs with Western blots by measuring marker levels in brain extract from developing
mice showed a greater relative difference in values derived from ELISA. These ELISAs should be valuable to phenotype the synapse
in neurological disease and their rodent models. 相似文献
96.
Choudhry NK Fischer MA Avorn J Schneeweiss S Solomon DH Berman C Jan S Liu J Lii J Brookhart MA Mahoney JJ Shrank WH 《Health affairs (Project Hope)》2010,29(11):1995-2001
To date, there has been little empirical evidence to support the broader use of value-based insurance design, which lowers copayments for services with high value relative to their costs. To address this lack of data, we evaluated the impact of the value-based insurance program of a US corporation, Pitney Bowes. The program eliminated copayments for cholesterol-lowering statins and reduced them for clopidogrel, a blood clot inhibitor. We found that the policy was associated with an immediate 2.8?percent increase in adherence to statins relative to controls, which was maintained for the subsequent year. For clopidogrel, the policy was associated with an immediate stabilizing of the adherence rate and a four-percentage-point difference between intervention and control subjects a year later. Our study thus provides an empirical basis for the use of this approach to improve the quality of health care. 相似文献
97.
Amer Shakil Nora E. Gimpel Hina Rizvi Zafreen Siddiqui Emeka Ohagi Tiffany M. Billmeier Barbara Foster 《Journal of community health》2010,35(4):392-397
We examined awareness of osteoporosis prevention among peri- and post-menopausal South Asian women attending two community
centers in the Dallas/Fort-Worth Metroplex. We conducted a quasi-experimental study (final N = 61) assessing knowledge about osteoporosis among South Asian women (≥40 years). The mean age was 52.3 years (SD = 8.72).
Over 50% were college educated and 64% had no health insurance. We administered a baseline knowledge test, followed by a health
education intervention and, 2 weeks later, by a post-test. Participants received one point for each correct answer and scores
were added (≤14). Participants showed a significant increase in osteoporosis knowledge post intervention (paired t
60 = −9.5, P < .01). For example, women reported highest knowledge gains on the following: adequate calcium intake is achievable from
two glasses of milk a day; very thin women are at risk for developing osteoporosis, and family history of osteoporosis is
a risk factor. Intervention completers were better prepared to prevent and manage osteoporosis. Results indicate the efficacy
of educational intervention in improving osteoporosis awareness; and point to the potential for knowledge acquisition aimed
at developing community-based prevention strategies at the community level. 相似文献
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100.
Hina J. Talib Nicole Karjane Karen Teelin Margaret Abraham Stephanie Holt Gayaythri Chelvakumar Tania Dumont Patricia S. Huguelet Lindsay Conner Carol Wheeler Nathalie Fleming 《Journal of pediatric and adolescent gynecology》2018,31(2):71-76
The degree of exposure to pediatric and adolescent gynecology (PAG) varies across residency programs in obstetrics and gynecology and pediatrics. Nevertheless, these programs are responsible for training residents and providing opportunities within their programs to fulfill PAG learning objectives. To that end, the North American Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology has taken a leadership role in PAG resident education by creating and systematically updating the Short Curriculum. This curriculum outlines specific learning objectives that are central to PAG education and lists essential resources for learners' reference. This updated curriculum replaces the previous 2014 publication with added content, resources, and updated references. Additionally, attention to the needs of learners in pediatrics and adolescent medicine is given greater emphasis in this revised North American Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology Short Curriculum 2.0. 相似文献