食盐对普通玉米杂交种淀粉糊化性质的影响

采用快速粘度分析仪（RVA）研究了食盐对18种普通玉米杂交种淀粉糊化性质的影响。结果表明：食盐显著降低了所有普通玉米杂交种淀粉的峰值、破损值和回生值;提高了谷值、终粘度、出峰时间和成糊温度。但对不同的普通玉米杂交种淀粉的糊化性质的影响程度有显著差别。随着食盐溶液质量分数的增加,普通玉米杂交种淀粉的谷值、终粘度、出峰时间和成糊温度也逐渐增加,破损值和回生值则显著降低,峰值受食盐溶液质量分数的影响很小。     

局灶性脑缺血再灌注后大鼠下丘脑pSTAT3阳性神经细胞分布与局部微血管的关系

目的探讨局灶性脑缺血再灌注大鼠下丘脑磷酸化信号转导与转录激活因子-3 （pSTAT3）阳性神经细胞分布与局部微血管的关系。方法雄性SD大鼠16只,体重280～320 g,随机分成假手术组和脑缺血再灌注组,每组8只。脑缺血组采用线栓法阻塞右侧大脑中动脉120 min;假手术组施以相同的外科操作,但用于栓塞的尼龙线插入颈内动脉3～5 mm,不插到大脑中动脉起始处。再灌注24 h后,先行神经功能缺损评分（NDS）,然后每组随机取3只大鼠多聚甲醛灌流固定后用免疫组化法显示下丘脑pSTAT3阳性神经细胞。每组各取5只大鼠单宁酸.氯化铁灌注法媒染,以显示脑内血管。采用免疫组化法在部分切片上显示pSTAT3阳性神经细胞,观察阳性神经细胞分布和血管的关系。结果再灌注24 h后,脑缺血组NDS评分高于假手术组（P〈0.05）;脑缺血组缺血侧下丘脑出现大量pSTAT3阳性神经细胞,主要见于第三脑室室周、脑膜下,吻侧下丘脑内侧区,以及室旁核和视上核;单宁酸-氯化铁媒染显示下丘脑中微血管丰富的区域pSTAT3免疫反应阳性细胞数量也较多,且多位于血管附近。结论局灶性脑缺血再灌注大鼠下丘脑pSTAT3阳性神经细胞的分布与局部微血管有一定的关系。     

膀胱出口梗阻后逼尿肌收缩蛋白表达和膀胱重量的改变

目的探讨膀胱出口梗阻(BOO)后逼尿肌收缩蛋白表达和膀胱重量的改变及意义。方法BOO组病人16例,筛选条件为入院诊断良性前列腺增生症(BPH)并经尿动力学压力-流率检查证实为高压低流型;对照组5例,为外伤等情况入院并排除有下尿路梗阻病史者。BOO组所有病例均行耻骨上经膀胱前列腺摘除术,术前B超检查测定膀胱重量和前列腺内外径比值,术中切取膀胱上壁组织2cm×1cm×1cm大小,标本行RT-PCR反应,检测膀胱逼尿肌中肌动蛋白和肌球蛋白mRNA的表达,并比较其与膀胱重量间的线性相关性。结果BOO组与对照组膀胱重量分别为(92.15±34.89)g和(56.08±20.35)g,(P<0.05);前列腺内外径比值分别为(0.57±0.16)和(0.18±0.06),(P<0.01);与对照组相比,BOO组肌动蛋白和肌球蛋白mRNA的表达量均有显著增加,分别为(40.32±59.67)×106和(6.59±5.62)×106,(P值均<0.01);且两者表达量与膀胱重量之间均有明显线性正相关性(P<0.05)。结论逼尿肌中肌动蛋白和肌球蛋白的表达与膀胱逼尿肌的功能状态密切相关。     

腹膜后脂肪肉瘤的生物学特性及其诊断和治疗

目的 探讨腹膜后脂肪肉瘤生物学行为及诊断与治疗的有关问题。方法 回顾性分析1970—2005年中国医科大学附属第一医院收治的32例（共接受手术43例次）原发及复发腹膜后脂肪肉瘤病人的临床和病理资料。结果 该病主要临床表现是腹胀、腹部包块进行性增大。复发病例较原发病例生物学行为差，肿瘤侵袭力强，组织学亚型恶性程度高，手术完全切除率低。多次复发者复发间期逐渐缩短。难治性大出血是术后主要且致命的并发症。结论 腹膜后脂肪肉瘤术后易复发，很少转移，手术切除是最有效的治疗手段。完全切除者复发间期长，控制术中出血是减少术后死亡的关键。放、化疗对腹膜后脂肪肉瘤的作用有限。     

A comparison of tenocytes and mesenchymal stem cells for use in flexor tendon tissue engineering

PURPOSE: Tissue-engineered tendon grafts will meet an important clinical need. To engineer tendons, we used acellularized allogeneic tendon as scaffold material. To determine the ideal cell type to seed the scaffolds, we studied in vitro characteristics of epitenon tenocytes, tendon sheath fibroblasts, bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), and adipoderived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs). Subsequently, we implanted reseeded acellularized tendons in vivo as flexor tendon grafts. METHODS: Tenocytes, sheath fibroblasts, BMSCs, and ASCs were obtained from adult rabbits. For all cell lines, collagen 1, 2, and 3 immunocytochemistry was performed, and proliferation was assessed by hemacytometry and senescence by beta-galactosidase staining. Flexor tendons were acellularized after harvest. Tendons were assessed by histology after in vitro reseeding with each of the cell types after 1, 4, and 8 weeks. Finally, reseeded tendons and controls were implanted in a flexor profundus tendon defect. After 6 weeks, the reseeded tendons were harvested and assessed by histology. Statistical analysis for cell proliferation was performed using analysis of variance and t-tests with Bonferroni correction. RESULTS: All cell types had similar collagen expression. Cell proliferation was higher in ASCs in late passage compared with early passage and in ASCs compared with epitenon tenocytes at late passage. The other cell types were similar in growth characteristics. No senescence was detected. In vitro assessment of reseeded constructs showed the presence of cells on the construct surface. In vivo assessment after implantation showed viable cells seen within the tendon architecture in all cell types. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that the four cell types may be successfully used to engineer tendons. Adipoderived mesenchymal stem cells proliferate faster in cell culture, but the cell types were similar in other respects. All could be used to successfully repopulate acellularized tendon in vivo as flexor tendon grafts.     

Does body mass index affect infection-related outcomes in the intensive care unit?

BACKGROUND: Obesity is a worldwide healthcare concern, but its impact on critical care (intensive care unit; ICU) outcomes is not well understood. The general hypothesis is that obesity worsens ICU outcomes, but published reports fail to demonstrate this effect consistently. We hypothesized that increasing BMI would be an independent predictor of higher mortality rates in the surgical/trauma ICU. METHODS: Data on patients with infections, defined by U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria, were collected prospectively from a single university surgical/trauma ICU. From 1996 to 2003, 807 such patients had measurable BMIs on admission to the ICU and were divided into underweight (<18.5 kg/m(2)), normal weight (18.5-24.9 kg/m(2)), overweight (25.0-29.9 kg/m(2)), obese (30.0-39.9 kg/m(2)), and morbidly obese (> or =40.0 kg/m(2)). The primary outcome was in-hospital death. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed. RESULTS: In-hospital death was associated with increasing age, increasing average Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score, history of diabetes (p = 0.001), cardiac disease (p = 0.001), hypertension (p = 0.044), history of cerebrovascular disease (p = 0.021), renal insufficiency (p = 0.007), need for hemodialysis (p < 0.001), history of pulmonary disease (p = 0.012), requirement for mechanical ventilation while in the ICU (p = 0.107), history of malignant disease (p < 0.001), and history of liver disease (p < 0.001). The multivariate analysis selected age (odds ratio [OR] 1.03 per integer; confidence interval [CI] 1.0, 1.05), APACHE II score (OR 1.17 per integer; CI 1.12, 1.74), diabetes (OR 2.20; CI 1.32, 3.65), mechanical ventilation (OR 1.88; CI 1.21, 2.94), malignancy (OR 2.54; CI 1.43, 4.47), and liver disease (OR 5.01; CI 2.69, 9.32) as significant risk factors. When controlling for these variables, none of the BMI groups had an independent association with death compared with the normal weight group. CONCLUSION: Contrary to the hypothesis, the data suggest no discernable independent association of increasing BMI with heightened mortality rate in the surgical/trauma ICU patient with infection.     

口颊黏膜在尿道重建中的应用

随着尿道重建技术的不断改进,口颊黏膜替代尿道成形术逐渐成为前尿道缺损修复的最佳选择。本文主要对口颊黏膜的优势特点作一介绍,并阐述口颊黏膜替代尿道成形术在前尿道狭窄和尿道下裂中的临床应用和进展。     

Antihyperalgesic effects of ginseng total saponins in a rat model of incisional pain

Background

The aim of this study was to assess whether intraperitoneal administration of ginseng total saponins (GTS) has antihyperalgesic effects in a rat model of incisional pain. The proinflammatory responses and reversal of the antihyperalgesic effect of GTS by N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) or naloxone were also evaluated.

Materials and methods

Rats were injected intraperitoneally with 0.9% saline vehicle or various doses of GTS before or after a plantar incision. Paw withdrawal in response to application of the von Frey filament with the lowest bending force marked the mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT). Blood samples were collected for the assessment of serum interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 levels. The IL levels were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. Rats were injected intraperitoneally with NMDA or naloxone before the GTS injection to assess the reversal of the antihyperalgesic effect of GTS.

Results

The MWT measured 2 h after the plantar incision increased significantly after the postincision administration of 50, 100, or 200 mg/kg of GTS compared with the MWT at 2 h after plantar incision. The MWT also increased significantly after the preincision injection of 100 or 200 mg/kg of GTS compared with the MWT of the vehicle control. Administration of GTS suppressed the postincision rise in serum IL-1β levels and NMDA inhibited the increase in the MWT compared with GTS alone.

Conclusions

Intraperitoneal administration of GTS before or after surgery induces antihyperalgesic effects in a rat model of incisional pain. The effects on mechanical hyperalgesia may be associated with anti-inflammatory cytokines and NMDA signaling.     

The potential role of heat shock proteins in acute spinal cord injury

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the differential expression proteins profile of spinal cord tissues after acute spinal cord injury (ASCI), provide preliminary results for further study and explore the secondary injury mechanisms underlying ASCI.

Methods

Using Allen’s frame to establish ASCI model of Sprague–Dawley rats, then a stable isotope-labelled strategy using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) coupled with two-dimensional (2D) liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (2D LC–MS/MS) was performed to separate and identify differentially expressed proteins.

Results

A total of 220 differentially expressed proteins were identified in the spinal cord tissues of H-8 group (acute spinal cord injury after 8 h) compared with H-0 group (acute spinal cord injury after 0 h); Up to 116 proteins were up-regulated, whereas 104 proteins were down-regulated in the spinal cord tissues. Three of the differentially expressed Heat shock proteins (HSPs) namely, Hsp90ab1, Hspa4 and Hspe1 were down-regulated.

Conclusion

The differentially expressed proteins of spinal cord tissues after ASCI will provide scientific foundation for further study to explore the secondary injury mechanism of ASCI.     

白细胞形态学和中性粒细胞碱性磷酸酶在手足口病合并感染患儿诊疗中的应用

目的探讨白细胞（WBC）形态学和中性粒细胞碱性磷酸酶（NAP）染色积分值在儿童手足口病（HFMD）合并感染诊疗中的应用价值。 方法选取2017年1月至2017年10月于玉林市红十字会医院儿科门诊及住院的150例儿童作为研究对象，根据检查结果及病情分为正常对照组、单纯HFMD组及HFMD合并感染组，每组各50例。所有病例均采用一次性EDTA扩凝真空采血管，按常规静脉采血1～2 ml，同时做血涂片2张，1张用于瑞氏染色，另1张血片干燥后用10%甲醛固定30 s，按NAP试剂盒说明书进行染色，由细胞室工作人员在显微镜下鉴别WBC形态学变化并计数NAP阳性率和积分。 结果正常对照组患儿NAP阳性率为（23.58 ± 11.89）%，积分为（28.18 ± 13.82）；单纯HFMD组患儿NAP阳性率为（22.8 ± 10.49）%，积分为（26.92 ± 11.9）；HFMD合并感染组患儿NAP阳性率为（77.96 ± 8.99）%，积分为（332.7 ± 58.42）；HFMD合并感染抗感染治疗后组NAP阳性率为（22.38 ± 10.54）%，积分为（27.74 ± 12.16）；HFMD合并感染组分别与正常对照组、单纯HFMD组、HFMD合并感染抗感染治疗后NAP阳性率比较，差异均有统计学意义（t = 25.80、28.23、28.37，P均< 0.001）；HFMD合并感染组分别与正常对照组、单纯HFMD组、HFMD合并感染抗感染治疗后NAP积分比较，差异均有统计学意义（t = 35.87、36.27、36.14，P均< 0.001）；其余各组NAP阳性率和积分两两比较，差异均无统计学意义（P均> 0.05）。正常对照组、单纯手足口病组、手足口病合并感染组患儿异型淋巴细胞、中毒颗粒、空泡变性细胞、杜勒小体比例差异均有统计学意义（H = 81.9939、129.1737、117.5489、89.4793，P均< 0.001）；手足口病合并感染抗感染治疗前后患儿异常淋巴细胞、中毒颗粒、空泡变性细胞和杜勒小体比例差异有统计学意义（U = 8.2967、8.6138、8.6318、5.4355，P均< 0.001）。 结论白细胞形态学检查和NAP阳性率及积分观察HFMD合并感染患儿疾病发生发展及对疾病诊断、预后监测均具有重要临床意义。