Novel derivatives of 5-amino-1-cyclopropyl-7-[(3R,5S)3,5-dimethylpiperazine-1-yl]-6,8-difluoro-4-oxo-quinoline-3-carboxylic acid: their synthesis,antimicrobial, antifungal,and urease inhibitory studies

Sparfloxacin (SPFX) or 5-amino-1-cyclopropyl-7-[(3R,5S)3,5-dimethylpiperazine-1-yl]-6,8-difluoro-4-oxo-quinoline-3-carboxylic acid is an orally active synthetic, broad spectrum third generation quinolone, with excellent activity against Gram-positive bacteria with selectivity against anaerobes and atypical pathogens. Three derivatives of SPFX (2, 3, and 4) were synthesized by reacting different aromatic carboxylic acids with SPFX (1). Chemistry involved the formation of amide between reacting species through nucleophilic substitution reactions. The synthesized derivatives were then structurally characterized by IR, NMR, and mass spectroscopic techniques. The antimicrobial activities of these derivatives were evaluated against four Gram-positive, seven Gram-negative bacteria, and six fungi, using SPFX as a reference. Statistical analysis revealed these derivatives as active antimicrobial agents, and 2 was more potent antimicrobial agents than the parent drug as well other fluoroquinolones. Compounds 3 and 4 showed a significant activity against Fusarium solani. Moreover, these three derivatives were evaluated for inhibitory activities against enzyme urease, carbonic anhydrase II, and α-chymotrypsin. Results showed their selectivity against urease enzyme. Based on their nontoxic behavior, these derivatives may be potential agents for further studies.     

The first morphologically controlled synthesis of a nanocomposite of graphene oxide with cobalt tin oxide nanoparticles

In the present research, the degradation and decolorization of Reactive Black 5 synthetic dye at 30 ppm concentration under sun irradiation in the presence of a newly synthesized graphene based cobalt tin oxide nanocomposite were investigated. These nanoparticles were synthesized by a simple hydrothermal approach using precursor chloride salt i.e., stannous chloride and cobalt chloride and then adsorbed on the surface of RGO by a solvothermal process by changing the condition. The newly synthesized product was subjected to various instrumentation to study the morphology and other properties. X-ray powder diffraction analysis (XRD) explained the structural composition and various parameters of the product, which were further verified by Vesta software. The surface morphology of the product was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and it was observed that the size of each cube was approximately 5–10 μm from every face of the cube. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) explained that the nanoparticles were within the range of 100–250 nm. These synthesized nanocubes were used in one more application, which was the investigation of the fuel efficiency in the presence of different concentrations of newly synthesized nanocomposites as a catalyst. The efficiency of kerosene oil was investigated by studying different parameters: the flash point, fire point, specific gravity, cloud point, pour point, and calorific value at increasing dosages of catalyst (0, 30, 60 and 90 ppm). It was observed that the values of these parameters changed significantly by changing the concentration of the catalyst dosage. The effect of the nanoparticles on the degradation of the RB 5 azo dye showed the highest removal percentage at the largest value of catalyst dosage, which was 0.70 mg ml⁻¹ with the highest value of 3 ml of hydrogen peroxide.

Tin cobalt hydroxide nanoparticles were synthesized by a simple hydrothermal technique. A graphene based cobalt tin oxide nanocomposite was synthesized by a solvothermal method.     

Emergent Surgical Pulmonary Embolectomy in a Pregnant Woman: Case Report and Literature Review

Acute pulmonary embolism is a leading cause of death during pregnancy and delivery in the United States. We describe the case of a 25-year-old woman who presented in car-diogenic shock in week 38 of her first pregnancy. After the emergent cesarean delivery of a healthy male neonate, the mother underwent immediate surgical pulmonary embolec-tomy. We confirmed the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism intraoperatively by means of transesophageal echocardiography and removed large clots from the patient''s pulmonary arteries. Mother and child were doing well, 27 months later. In addition to presenting our patient''s case, we discuss the other relevant reports and the options for treating massive pulmonary embolism during pregnancy.