蛭类转录组中EST-SSR分析及抗凝血相关分子标记的挖掘

目的对蛭类转录组进行SSR分析,是开发功能分子标记、开展对药用蛭类资源的开发利用及进行遗传背景监测的必要手段。方法利用与医学密切相关的医蛭科棒纹牛蛭Poecilobdella javanica和日本医蛭Hirudo nipponia、黄蛭科宽体金线蛭Whitmania pigra和山蛭科洞穴山蛭Heamadipsa cavatuses sp.nov.共14个样本,通过RNA测序及转录组分析,筛选吸血差异unigene,并比较4个种的SSR标记特征和分布,用于挖掘抗凝血相关功能EST-SSR。结果通过SSR密度分析发现,SSR在棒纹牛蛭、日本医蛭、宽体金线蛭和洞穴山蛭转录组中的间隔长度为4 723、6 026、8 059、8 144 bp;SSR组成分析发现三碱基重复的基序占蛭类SSR类型组成中绝大多数;另外,洞穴山蛭的SSR组成与其他3种存在明显区别。比较4种吸血蛭吸血前后转录组中表达丰度显著差异的unigene群,发现4种蛭中包含SSR且抗凝血相关的重叠unigene类群在转录组中呈较高的片段多态性。结论 unigene片段长度、SSR的密度、组成和分布特点能反映物种之间的分类关系;4种蛭重叠的抗凝血相关分子功能对应的EST-SSR,可作为抗凝血相关的功能分子标记侯选EST-SSR。     

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??OBJECTIVE To explore the bacteriostasis and plasmid elimination activities of different extracted parts of traditional Chinese medicine Radix Scutellariae Baicalensis on NDM-1 Acinetobacter calcoaceticus.METHODS The in vitro antibacterial effect of the extracts from Radix Scutellariae Baicalensis was studied. Inhibition zone and minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC) of the alcohol extract and water decoction were examined by using MH agar plates and microdilution susceptibility testing. The growth curve of the NDM-1 Acinetobacter calcoaceticus was tested after being incubated with alcohol extract and water decoction at sub-MIC. At three time points after incubation with different extracts at sub-MIC, photocopy dish method was used to screen plasmid-cured strains of NDM-1 Acinetobacter calcoaceticus. The plasmid-elimination rates and phenotypic changes were compared.RESULTS Both the alcohol extract and water decoction of Radix Scutellariae Baicalensis inhibited the growth of NDM-1 Acinetobacter calcoaceticus. The MICs were 1.56 mg??mL^-1 for the alcohol extract and 6.25 mg??mL^-1 for the water decoction. The growth curve showed that the antibacterial effect of the alcohol extract was more obvious. Both the alcohol extract and water decoction of Radix Scutellariae Baicalensis had some degrees of plasmid elimination effect. The plasmid-elimination rates in the alcohol extract group were higher than those in the water decoction group. The plasmid-elimination rates were 61.27% for the alcohol extract and 49.78% for the water decoction, respectively.CONCLUSION Radix Scutellariae Baicalensis can inhibit the growth of NDM-1 Acinetobacter calcoaceticus and eliminate the drug-resistant plasmid effectively and has the potential to be used to control the spread of pan-drug resistant Acinetobacter strains or be an adjuvant treatment method for clinical infections. Its alcohol extract has better effect.     

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??OBJECTIVE To study the impurity profile of cefradine dihydrate. METHODS The impurity peaks of cefradine dihydrate were identified using column-switching technique and LC-MS, and the origination of the impurities were investigated by the forced degradation study.RESULTS The impurity profile of cefradine dihydrate included fourteen impurities, nine of them were structure known impurities controlled by EP, two of them were newly identified impurities and three of them were structure unknown impurities.CONCLUSION The origination and influence factors of the impurities are investigated though the impurity profile study of cefradine dihydrate, and it can provide reference for the quality control of cefradine dihydrate.     

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??OBJECTIVE To study the influence of bioavailability of Epimedium flavonoids after processing by suet oil. METHODS Pharmacokinetics parameters of rats Epimedium flavonoids and icariin and baohuoside ?? was determining by the method of pharmacology effect and plasma concentration method. RESULTS The concentration of the Epimedium flavonoids, icariin and baohuoside ?? in micelles groups were higher than that of the active pharmaceutical ingredient(API). ??_max were increased by 77.94%, 38.99% and 49.90%; AUC_0-t increased by 95.19%, 37.76% and 43.49%; AUC_0-?? increased by 119.35%, 35.37% and 46.26% on Epimedium flavonoids, icariin and baohuoside ?? group. CONCLUSION Suet oil improved the bioavailability of Epimedium flavonoids and promoted its absorption.     

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??OBJECTIVE To study the effect of "cancel drug addition" policy in county public hospitals, and to provide reference for further improvement of relevant policies. METHODS This paper compares the data of medical expenses control, hospital income and expenditure, compensation and so on before and after the policy of "canceling the drug addition" of a county public hospital to study the actual effect of policy implementation. RESULTS The proportion of drugs after the implementation of the decline, from the policy before the implementation of 43.6% to the policy objectives (30%). The total cost of drug growth rate is lower than before the implementation of the policy, the slowdown in growth; outpatient average medical expenses, inpatient per capita reduction in drug costs, the difference was statistically significant. The average cost of medical care was increasing, and the growth rate dropped first and then rose, which was close to the level before the implementation of the policy. At the same time, the income structure of the county-level hospitals tends to be reasonable, but the balance of payments has dropped significantly. The increase in hospital investment and adjust the price of medical services increased hospital income is not enough to make up for the "cancellation of drug additions" brought about by the loss. CONCLUSION "Cancellation of drug addition" policy in the county-level public hospitals since the implementation of the control of medical expenses have a certain role in the control of drug costs growth effect is obvious. Patient medical expenses are falling. In order to consolidate the effectiveness, but also the establishment of multi-share long-term compensation mechanism, while paying attention to the increase in medical staff income.     

Chemical Constituents from Mycelia and Spores of Fungus Cordyceps cicadae

Objective To isolate and identify the chemical constituents from mycelia and spores of the fungus Cordyceps cicadae,respectively.Methods The chemical constituents were isolated and purified by repeated silica gel,Sephadex LH-20,and reversed phase HPLC.The structures of these compounds were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis,including 1 D and 2D NMR.Results Nine known sterols such as ergosterol(1),ergosterol peroxide(2),9,11-dehydroergosterol peroxide(3),3β,5α,9α-trihydroxy-(22E,24R)-ergosta-7,22-dien-6-one(4),3β,5α,9α,14α-tetrahydroxy-(22E,24R)-ergosta-7,22-dien-6-one(5),5x,6x-epoxy-(22E,24R)-ergosta-8(l 4),22-diene-3β,7α-diol(6),3β,5α,6β-(22E,24R)-ergosta-7,22-dien-3,5,6-triol(7),3|3,5x,6x-6-methoxyergosta-(22E,24R)-7,22-diene-3,5-diol(8),4-hydroxy-17R-methylincisterol(9),together with a resorcinol derivative,5-n-nonadecylresorcinol(10),a cyclodesipeptide,beauvericin(11),and a nucleoside,N~6-(2-hydroxyethyl)adenosine(12)were successively isolated from the cultivated C.cicadae mycelia and spores.Conclusion Compounds 3-10 are reported for the first time from the title sample,beauvericin exhibits significant cytotoxicity against human leukemia cell line and human lung cancer cell line.     

基于数据的证候规范的信息研究

以讨论证候规范信息研究中数据客观化解决的思路与方法为主题,通过对基于数据的意义、数据客观化的解决方案、证候规范研究对学习技术的需求等问题的讨论,强调证候规范研究数据客观性的重要,界定中医数据客观性的意义,提出基于数据的信息研究方案,论证了采用支持向量机方法(Supporter Vector Machine,简记SVM)的优势。认为“有效”和“普遍”是中医学数据客观性的主要依据,数据的客观化是中医证候规范研究的重要前提。