N-乙酰半胱氨酸对大鼠急性胰腺炎肺损伤的治疗保护作用

目的探讨急性坏死性胰腺炎(ANP)大鼠肺损伤与肺组织细胞问粘附分子-1(ICAM-1)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α）mRNA表达的关系及N-乙酰半胱氨酸(NAC)对肺损伤的作用。方法26只Wistar大鼠随机分为正常对照、盐水对照、胰腺炎和胰腺炎 NAC四组。以3．5％牛磺胆酸钠逆行注入胰胆管制作ANP模型，并将NAC(300mg／kg)于造模后1h用于ANP模型，造模后12h取材。采用RT-PCR法检测肺组织ICAM-1及TNF-α mRNA表达，同时观察血脂肪酶、胰腺组织湿／干重比率、肺组织髓过氧化物酶(MPO)及病理改变。结果ANP有肺组织学损伤改变，同时伴有肺组织ICAM-1、TNF-α mRNA高表达及MPO活力升高。胰腺炎 NAC组与胰腺炎组比较，胰腺湿／干重比率、肺组织ICAM-1、TNF-α mRNA的表达及MPO均降低。肺组织病理损伤程度与ICAM-1、TNF-α mRNA表达及MPO均呈正相关，相关系数分别为0．92、0．68及0．92(P＜0．01)。肺MPO与ICAM-1、TNF-α mRNA表达也呈正相关，相关系数为0．87及0．77(P＜0．01)。结论NAC可能通过抑制肺ICAM-1、TNF-a mRNA的产生及中性粒细胞的聚集，减轻AP所致的肺损伤；对胰腺本身的损伤也可能有一定的保护作用。     

How to explore the effects of sex hormone on blood vessels

<正>The risk of cardiovascular disease increases along with aging. There are increasing interests in researches on the protective effects of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on cardiovascular system in postmenopausal women. In this article we will review how we have explored the evidence of different sex hormones on blood vessels since 1996. The results showed that low-dose HRT significantly protected cardiovascular system in postmenopausal women. However, the high-dose 17β-estradiol (E2), with or without progesterone (P) or testosterone (T),or any hormone alone, as their concentrations increase, may even inhibit the protective effects of low-dose HRT on blood vessels.     

Effect of nano-hydroxyapatite／collagen composite and bone morphogenetic protein-2 on lumbar intertransverse fusion in rabbits

Objective: To investigate the effect of nanohydroxyapatite/collagen (nHA/collagen) composite as a graft extender and enhancer when combined with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) on lumbar intertransverse fusion in rabbits. Methods: Sixty-four adult female New Zealand white rabbits, aged 1 year and weighing 3.5-4.5kg, underwent similar posterolateral intertransverse process arthrodesis and were randomly divided into 4 groups based on different grafts: autogenous cancellous bone alone (ACB group), nHA/collagen alone ( HAC group ), half autogenous cancellous bone and half nHA/collagen (ACB HAC group) and nHA/collagen combined with rhBMP-2 (HAC BMP group ). The fusion masses were analyzed by manual palpation, radiography, biomechanical testing and histological examination. Results: Fusion was observed in 4 cases in the 6th week and in 5 cases in the 10tb week after surgery in ACB group. No case showed fusion in HAC group. In ACB HAC group, there was fusion in 3 cases in the 6th week and in 4 cases in the 10th week after surgery. In HAC BMP group, fusion in 1 case was found in the 4th week, in 5 cases in the 6th week and in 6 cases in the 10th week after surgery. It suggested that ACB, ACB HAC and HAC BMP groups showed similar fusion ratio and mechanical strength in the 6th and 10th week after surgery. According to the microstructure analysis of the samples, nHA/collagen had no negative effect when implanted together with ilium autograft. In HAC BMP group, new bone-like tissue was observed in the 2nd week postoperatively, and nearly all of the implanted composites were replaced by mature bone matrix and new bones in 10th week postoperatively. Conclusions：The nHA/collagen, especially combined with rhBMP-2, is a promising bone substitute, for it has quick biodegradation, fine bone-bending ability, and high osteoconductivity on posterolateral spinal fusion in rabbits.     

Treatment of very severe brain injuries

Objective: To sum up the experience in treating very severe traumatic brain injuries. Methods: Retrospective analysis of 68 patients with very severe traumatic brain injuries treated in our hospital from 1997 to 2002 was done. Results: Forty-one (60%) patients died. In the 50 patients treated surgically 27(40%) survived, 8 recovered well, 9 had moderate disability and 10 had sever deficits.The 18 patients treated non-operatively all died. Conclusions. Much attention should be given to the observation of the changes of severe brain injuries with cranial base injury. Timely operative decompression, basic life support, keeping effective brain blood perfnsion and effective oxygen supply, improving cerebral microcirculation and preventing or controlling complications are the main methods to raise the successful rate of treating very severe brain injuries and the life quality of the patients.     

利多卡因局部麻醉在经直肠前列腺穿刺活检术中的应用

目的　评价利多卡因局部麻醉在超声引导经直肠前列腺穿刺活检术中的有效性和安全性。　方法　 150例PSA升高和 (或 )DRE异常和 (或 )TRUS异常患者接受超声引导经直肠前列腺10针穿刺活检术 ,随机分成 3组 ,每组 50例 ,第 1组在尖部及两侧的前列腺精囊连接部注射 2 %利多卡因 ,每点 3ml,第 2组注射生理盐水 ,第 3组为对照组 ;穿刺结束后即刻对患者进行VAS疼痛评分。　结果　利多卡因组疼痛评分 0～ 7.5分 ,平均 2 .0分 ;生理盐水组 0～ 9.1分 ,平均 4.0分 ;对照组 0～ 7.4分 ,平均 3 .7分。经方差分析检验 ,利多卡因组与生理盐水组及对照组差异有显著性意义 (P <0 .0 5) ,后两组间差异无显著性意义 (P >0 .0 5) ,利多卡因组疼痛程度低于生理盐水组与对照组。 150例患者观察 6～ 10d ,无并发症发生。　结论　利多卡因局部麻醉操作简便 ,安全有效 ,能显著降低患者术中的疼痛感觉 ,推荐为超声引导经直肠前列腺穿刺活检术中常规应用方法     

T1G3膀胱移行细胞癌的临床治疗

目的　探讨T1G3 膀胱移行细胞癌的治疗方法。　方法　T1G3 膀胱移行细胞癌患者6 7例 ,平均年龄 6 3岁。均行TURBt,术后BCG膀胱灌注 5 9例 ,丝裂霉素膀胱灌注 8例。　结果　6 7例患者经 1～ 5次治疗 ,随访 12～ 78个月 ,中位时间 4 7个月 ,有 2 8例出现 1次或 1次以上的复发。最终有 2 0例进展为T2 及以上分期肿瘤 ,16例施行膀胱全切 ,4例发生远处转移。 9例患者死于膀胱肿瘤。　结论　初发的T1G3 膀胱移行细胞癌患者可施行TURBt加术后膀胱内药物灌注治疗 ,术后严密随访 ;对肿瘤复发进展者应尽早施行根治性膀胱全切术。     

肾嫌色细胞癌(附15例报告)

目的　提高肾嫌色细胞癌的诊治水平和对此类型肾癌的认识。　方法　回顾性分析15例肾嫌色细胞癌的临床资料。男 10例 ,女 5例。年龄 4 7～ 74岁 ,平均 5 7岁。均行根治性肾切除术。　结果　术后病理证实为肾嫌色细胞癌。病理分期 :pT1N0 M0 6例 ,pT2 N0 M0 5例 ,pT3bN0 M0 2例 ,pT1N2 M0 1例 ,pT2 N2 M0 1例。病理分级 :G2 10例 ,G3 5例。 11例获随访 ,随访 2～ 31个月 ,平均19个月 ,1例死于心脏病 ,1例局部复发 ,9例无瘤生存。　结论　肾嫌色细胞癌是一种具有特殊形态的少见肾癌类型。肾根治性切除术是治疗肾嫌色细胞癌的首选方法。与同期、同级的其他类型肾癌相比 ,肾嫌色细胞癌预后较好。     

异丙酚对慢性神经痛大鼠脊髓诱导型一氧化氮合酶表达的影响

目的 研究不同剂量异丙酚对慢性神经痛大鼠触诱发痛痛阈及其脊髓组织诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)mRNA的影响。方法 Wistar大鼠40只,随机分为四组,Ⅰ组为空白对照;Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组结扎左侧坐骨神经。术后第7天,Ⅰ、Ⅱ组腹腔注射生理盐水50 ml·kg-1,Ⅲ、Ⅳ组腹腔注射异丙酚50 ml·kg-1或75ml·kg-1,每天一次共6 d。在术后第6、10和12天,使用Von Frey法分别测定各组大鼠触诱发痛痛阈,比较不同剂量的异丙酚对大鼠痛阈的影响。术后第12天取L4-5和L5-6节段脊神经节和脊髓组织,采用半定量RT-PCR法,对各组大鼠脊髓组织iNOS mRNA表达进行检测。结果 术后第10和12天,Ⅲ、Ⅳ组大鼠双侧的痛阈值高于Ⅱ组(P<0.05);术后第12天,Ⅲ、Ⅳ组大鼠脊髓组织iNOS mRNA表达低于Ⅱ组(P<0.05)。结论 异丙酚通过抑制脊髓组织iNOS mRNA转录,降低其表达,而起到一定的抗伤害作用。     

"锚定法"改良单开门椎管成形术及其临床应用

目的评价“锚定法”改良单开门椎管成形术的疗效。方法对129例颈椎病患者常规行后正中入路单开门椎管成形术,在门轴一侧的侧块上选择钻孔点,采用Magerl方法置入直径为3.5mm、长度10~12mm的钛质松质骨螺钉。先将粗丝线系在螺钉的根部,螺钉置入侧块后将丝线一端经棘突根部的预穿孔穿过,开门后拉紧丝线并打结,使椎板保持在开门状态。术后颈围领保护2周。结果平均随访14个月(6~18个月)。术前平均JOA评分7.8分、40分法评分14.5分,术后平均JOA评分15.5分、40分法评分35.5分。术后2个月时颈部疼痛、僵硬感和活动受限者轻度84例、中度32例、重度13例。术后6个月时仅23例仍然有轻度颈部疼痛、僵硬感和活动受限。未见螺钉松动和再“关门”现象。结论“锚定法”改良单开门椎管成形术操作简单、维持“开门”效果好。术后患者颈部症状恢复快,早期效果满意。     

腹腔镜下顺逆结合切除胆囊预防胆管损伤并发症的价值

目的 :探讨腹腔镜下顺逆结合切除胆囊预防胆管损伤并发症的临床价值。方法 :回顾分析腹腔镜下顺逆结合切除胆囊 1 2 6例的临床资料。 1 2 6例中胆囊结石伴胆囊萎缩 2 9例 ,急性、亚急性胆囊炎 86例 ,胆囊结石伴慢性胆囊炎 8例 ,胆囊息肉 3例。结果 :1例患者并发毛细胆管漏 ,经引流 3d痊愈 ,余患者均顺利恢复 ,无胆管损伤病例 ,无出血、感染及死亡等严重并发症发生。中转开腹 2例 ,1例胆囊结石伴胆囊萎缩 ,1例亚急性胆囊炎。平均手术时间 4 6min ,平均术后住院 4d。结论 :腹腔镜下顺逆结合切除胆囊能提高腹腔镜胆囊切除术的成功率 ,减少了腹腔镜下胆囊切除术胆管损伤并发症的发生 ,特别是在Calot三角解剖不清及变异时。