全文获取类型
收费全文 | 679篇 |
免费 | 36篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 13篇 |
儿科学 | 6篇 |
妇产科学 | 59篇 |
基础医学 | 49篇 |
口腔科学 | 6篇 |
临床医学 | 55篇 |
内科学 | 175篇 |
皮肤病学 | 7篇 |
神经病学 | 76篇 |
特种医学 | 147篇 |
外科学 | 56篇 |
综合类 | 5篇 |
预防医学 | 17篇 |
眼科学 | 7篇 |
药学 | 20篇 |
肿瘤学 | 17篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 5篇 |
2021年 | 6篇 |
2019年 | 7篇 |
2018年 | 7篇 |
2017年 | 5篇 |
2016年 | 6篇 |
2015年 | 12篇 |
2014年 | 13篇 |
2013年 | 10篇 |
2012年 | 36篇 |
2011年 | 27篇 |
2010年 | 14篇 |
2009年 | 10篇 |
2008年 | 14篇 |
2007年 | 15篇 |
2006年 | 21篇 |
2005年 | 20篇 |
2004年 | 28篇 |
2003年 | 13篇 |
2002年 | 13篇 |
2001年 | 24篇 |
2000年 | 27篇 |
1999年 | 33篇 |
1998年 | 7篇 |
1997年 | 7篇 |
1994年 | 11篇 |
1992年 | 17篇 |
1991年 | 15篇 |
1990年 | 12篇 |
1989年 | 14篇 |
1988年 | 27篇 |
1987年 | 13篇 |
1986年 | 16篇 |
1985年 | 17篇 |
1984年 | 12篇 |
1983年 | 10篇 |
1979年 | 12篇 |
1978年 | 6篇 |
1977年 | 5篇 |
1976年 | 5篇 |
1973年 | 5篇 |
1972年 | 6篇 |
1971年 | 5篇 |
1966年 | 7篇 |
1932年 | 7篇 |
1929年 | 5篇 |
1928年 | 4篇 |
1925年 | 6篇 |
1923年 | 5篇 |
1922年 | 4篇 |
排序方式: 共有715条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
711.
712.
713.
Gerrald KR Van Scoyoc E Wines RC Runge T Jonas DE 《Diabetes, obesity & metabolism》2012,14(6):481-492
The objective of this study is to compare the efficacy and safety of sitagliptin and saxagliptin with placebo and other hypoglycaemic medications in adults with type 2 diabetes. We searched MEDLINE®, Embase, the Cochrane Library and the International Pharmaceuticals from their inception through 3 February 2011. Studies were included of adults with type 2 diabetes that were 12 weeks or more in duration. Meta‐analyses were conducted when included studies were homogenous enough to justify combining their results. A total of 32 articles met inclusion criteria. Sitagliptin 100 mg monotherapy and saxagliptin 5 mg resulted in greater HbA1c reduction compared to placebo [weighted mean difference (WMD) ?0.82%, 95% CI ?0.95 to ?0.70 and WMD ?0.70, 95% CI ?0.84 to ?0.56, respectively]. Sitagliptin was similar to sulfonylureas for HbA1c reduction (WMD 0.08%, 95% CI 0–0.16, 3 trials) and to saxagliptin in one head‐to‐head trial. There was no statistically significant difference in hypoglycaemia between sitagliptin (pooled RR 1.55, 95% CI 0.55–4.36) or saxagliptin (pooled RR 1.04, 95% CI 0.28–3.81) and placebo. Sitagliptin and saxagliptin result in similar modest HbA1c reductions and do not increase the risk of hypoglycaemia unless combined with other therapies. Their role in the long‐term treatment of type 2 diabetes remains unclear given the lack of long‐term data on efficacy, harms and health outcomes. 相似文献
714.
Expression of cytochrome P450 2E1 in normal human bronchial epithelial cells and activation by ethanol in culture 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Runge DM Stock TW Lehmann T Taege C Bernauer U Stolz DB Hofmann S Foth H 《Archives of toxicology》2001,75(6):335-345
Serum-free primary cultures of human bronchial epithelial cells and freshly isolated samples of human bronchial epithelium were used to investigate basal expression of the cytochrome P450 enzyme CYP2E1 and its activation or induction by ethanol in bronchial epithelial cells. The cultures consisted of > or =95% cells of epithelial characteristics as determined by transmission electron microscopy and immunohistochemical staining. Monolayers were obtained from explants over a period of several months via transfer of tissue into new dishes ('generations'1-5). Using RT-PCR analysis, basal expression of mRNAs coding for CYP2B7, CYP2F1 and CYP2E1 were detected in cultures from several donors. The basal expression of CYP2E1 protein and mRNA showed differences between the donors. The mRNA was detected even in cultures from higher generations and increased in some cultures over time. The CYP2E1 protein content was low and in most cultures of generations 2-5 could not be detected by immunoblot analysis of native protein extracts. Nevertheless, in some cases immunoreactive CYP2E1 protein was present in monolayers obtained from the fourth and fifth transfer (18-week 'generation'). CYP2E1 activity was measured via 6-hydroxylation of chlorzoxazone either by a destructive assay using cell lysate or by a non-invasive assay using the medium of cell cultures. In short-term cultured isolated bronchial epithelium, ethanol treatment increased CYP2E1 activity by up to 5-fold within 4 days but with inter-individual differences. In cells up to 4 weeks in culture, CYP2E1 activity remained inducible by a single dose of ethanol. Differentiated primary human cells in culture may be useful tools as model systems for the evaluation of CYP2E1-driven processes in man. 相似文献
715.
Potential of a Cetuximab‐based radioimmunotherapy combined with external irradiation manifests in a 3‐D cell assay 下载免费PDF全文
M. Ingargiola R. Runge J.‐M. Heldt R. Freudenberg J. Steinbach N. Cordes M. Baumann J. Kotzerke G. Brockhoff L.A. Kunz‐Schughart 《International journal of cancer. Journal international du cancer》2014,135(4):968-980
Targeting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)‐overexpressing tumors with radiolabeled anti‐EGFR antibodies is a promising strategy for combination with external radiotherapy. In this study, we evaluated the potential of external plus internal irradiation by [90Y]Y‐CHX‐A″‐DTPA‐C225 (Y‐90‐C225) in a 3‐D environment using FaDu and SAS head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) spheroid models and clinically relevant endpoints such as spheroid control probability (SCP) and spheroid control dose 50% (SCD50, external irradiation dose inducing 50% loss of spheroid regrowth). Spheroids were cultured using a standardized platform. Therapy response after treatment with C225, CHX‐A″‐DTPA‐C225 (DTPA‐C225), [90Y]Y‐CHX‐A″‐DTPA (Y‐90‐DTPA) and Y‐90‐C225 alone or in combination with X‐ray was evaluated by long‐term monitoring (60 days) of spheroid integrity and volume growth. Penetration kinetics into spheroids and EGFR binding capacities on spheroid cells were identical for unconjugated C225 and Y‐90‐C225. Spheroid‐associated radioactivity upon exposure to the antibody‐free control conjugate Y‐90‐DTPA was negligible. Determination of the SCD50 demonstrated higher intrinsic radiosensitivity of FaDu as compared with SAS spheroids. Treatment with unconjugated C225 alone did not affect spheroid growth and cell viability. Also, C225 treatment after external irradiation showed no additive effect. However, the combination of external irradiation with Y‐90‐C225 (1 µg/ml, 24 hr) resulted in a considerable benefit as reflected by a pronounced reduction of the SCD50 from 16 Gy to 9 Gy for SAS spheroids and a complete loss of regrowth for FaDu spheroids due to the pronounced accumulation of internal dose caused by the continuous exposure to cell‐bound radionuclide upon Y‐90‐C225‐EGFR interaction. 相似文献