Ein Beitrag zur Isolierung von Staphylokokken gesunder Haut sowie zur Bestimmung ihrer Pathogenität und Penicillinresistenz

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

High-dose applications of gadolinium chelates in magnetic resonance imaging.

Administration of gadolinium chelates at doses greater than 0.1 mmol/kg IV can potentially improve both lesion detection and the assessment of tissue perfusion. Preliminary results are presented in clinical patients and two animal models. In human intracranial metastatic disease, administration of 0.3 (cumulative dose) mmol/kg gadoteridol (Gd HP-DO3A) has permitted detection of additional lesions not visualized at 0.1 mmol/kg. In a rabbit model of focal liver disease, 0.5 mmol/kg IV provided superior enhancement of both normal parenchyma and lesion rim compared to doses of 0.25 and 0.1. Dynamic imaging (T1-weighted turbo-FLASH) immediately following bolus injection of 0.5 mmol/kg permitted direct visualization (on unsubtracted images) of an acute perfusion defect in the cat brain not visible on conventional T1- and T2-weighted scans.     

Gadoteridol dose dependence in MR imaging of a liver abscess model

A necrotic liver abscess model was studied with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging at 1.5 T before and after intravenous administration of gadoteridol at doses of 0.1, 0.25, and 0.5 mmol/kg in 24 rabbits. Enhancement characteristics and lesion delineation were assessed with both breath-hold and non-breath-hold imaging techniques. Lesion delineation, as assessed both by signal intensity measurements and evaluations by two image readers blinded to imaging technique, was greatest on high-dose (0.5 mmol/kg) breath-hold images. Lesion rim enhancement was seen consistently only on postcontrast images obtained at a dose of 0.5 mmol/kg and progressed with time after injection of contrast material.     

Accuracy of accelerated cine MR imaging at 3 Tesla in longitudinal follow-up of cardiac function

The ability of fast, parallel-imaging-based cine magnetic resonance (MR) to monitor global cardiac function in longitudinal exams at 3 Tesla was evaluated. Seventeen patients with chronic cardiac disease underwent serial cine MR imaging exams (n = 3) at 3 Tesla. Data were acquired in short-axis orientation using cine steady-state free precession (SSFP) with a spatial resolution of 2.5 x 1.9 mm(2) at 45 ms temporal resolution. Multislice imaging (three slices/breath-hold) was performed using TSENSE acceleration (R = 3) and standard single-slice cine (non-TSENSE) was performed at identical locations in consecutive breath-holds. End-diastolic volume (EDV), end-systolic volume (ESV), ejection fraction (EF) and myocardial mass (MM) of both cine approaches were compared for individual time-points as well as for longitudinal comparison. TSENSE-cine did not show significant differences for EDV (2.6 ml; P = 0.79), ESV (2.2 ml; P = 0.81), EF (-0.3%; P = 0.95) and MM (2.4 g; P = 0.72) in comparison with non-TSENSE. Longitudinal ANOVA analysis did not reveal significant differences for any parameter, neither for non-TSENSE data (all P > 0.7) nor for TSENSE data (all P > 0.9). Multifactorial ANOVA showed non-significant differences (all P > 0.7) at comparable data variances. Data acquisition was significantly shortened using TSENSE. Threefold accelerated multislice cine at 3 Tesla allows accurate assessment of volumetric LV data and accurate longitudinal monitoring of global LV function at a substantially shorter overall examination time.     

Injury surveillance: a method for recording E codes for injured emergency department patients.

STUDY PURPOSE: Little information exists on the cause of injury for patients who are treated and discharged from emergency departments; these patients comprise approximately 90% of all injured patients requiring medical care. A method is described to assign external cause of injury codes (E codes) prospectively to all injured patients seen in a large-volume ED. METHODS: E code assignment was performed by the ED triage nurses on entrance to the ED. A checklist was used that contained frequently occurring codes as identified in a pilot study. E codes were entered into the patients' records on the hospital mainframe computer by a medical records technician. These were acquired for a nine-month period to determine feasibility, accuracy, and ease of use. Accuracy was verified retrospectively. RESULTS: During the nine-month period, 67,495 patients were treated. Acute injury accounted for 16,186 of the visits, and 2,085 were return visits for a previously treated injury. The majority of patients with any injury type were treated and discharged and would not have been included in traditional data sets of injured patients. Overall admission rate for injury was 13%. Accuracy of prospectively assigned E codes was 98%, and this method of assigning E codes resulted in no additional effort by the triage nurse. CONCLUSION: E coding is a valuable method for injury surveillance, easily performed in EDs with high volume. Its value is essential for injury prevention research on injuries from any cause.     

In Vivo Imaging of Local Inflammation: Monitoring LPS-Induced CD80/CD86 Upregulation by PET

Purpose

The co-stimulatory molecules CD80 and CD86 are upregulated on activated antigen-presenting cells (APC). We investigated whether local APC activation, induced by subcutaneous (s.c.) inoculation of lipopolysaccharides (LPS), can be imaged by positron emission tomography (PET) with CD80/CD86-targeting ⁶⁴Cu-labelled abatacept.

Procedures

Mice were inoculated s.c. with extracellular-matrix gel containing either LPS or vehicle (PBS). Immune cell populations were analysed by flow cytometry and marker expression by RT-qPCR. ⁶⁴Cu-NODAGA-abatacept distribution was analysed using PET/CT and ex vivo biodistribution.

Results

The number of CD80⁺ and CD86⁺ immune cells at the LPS inoculation site significantly increased a few days after inoculation. CD68 and CD86 expression were higher at the LPS than the PBS inoculation site, and CD80 was only increased at the LPS inoculation site. CTLA-4 was highest 10 days after LPS inoculation, when CD80/CD86 decreased again. A few days after inoculation, ⁶⁴Cu-NODAGA-abatacept distribution to the inoculation site was significantly higher for LPS than PBS (4.2-fold). Co-administration of unlabelled abatacept or human immunoglobulin reduced tracer uptake. The latter reduced the number of CD86⁺ immune cells at the LPS inoculation site.

Conclusions

CD80 and CD86 are upregulated in an LPS-induced local inflammation, indicating invasion of activated APCs. ⁶⁴Cu-NODAGA-abatacept PET allowed following APC activation over time.