经鼻蝶窦手术动物模型神经内镜手术训练

目的建立一种活体动物的神经内镜经鼻蝶手术模拟训练方法。方法选择大鼠，建立一套训练计划，完成内镜图像导引下的内镜操作，电凝止血、冲洗和吸引、活检等神经内镜经鼻蝶手术的基本技巧。结果利用大鼠颅脑进行模仿内镜经鼻蝶手术，如在内镜图像导引下操作内镜的方法；熟悉内镜系统、电凝系统、冲洗和吸引设备的使用；熟悉了神经内镜经鼻蝶手术的步骤。结论作为神经内镜实验室训练的重要组成部分，通过利用大鼠颅脑进行模拟神经内镜手术，训练者可以从中获得神经内镜操作基本技巧的练习。     

多媒体技术在医学生物学实验教学中的应用

本文联系医学生物学实验课程和多媒体技术的特点，探讨了多媒体技术在医学生物学实验教学中的应用。指出在基础医学实验教学中教师要利用多媒体技术的优点，结合课件制作和教学中应注意的问题，才能充分发挥多媒体技术在教学中的作用，提高教学质量。     

668颗后牙镍铬合金PFM边缘适合性的临床观察

目的：观察采用2种边缘形式的后牙烤瓷熔附金属全冠边缘适合性和对牙龈健康的影响.方法：对668颗后牙,分别采用2种边缘形式的后牙烤瓷熔附金属全冠（单冠或桥的基牙）在修复2年后进行复查,检测其边缘适合性及牙龈指数（GI）和牙周探诊深度（PD）,用统计学方法分析修复体边缘形式与牙龈病变间的关系.结果：采用羽状边缘360°金属脚边的PFM边缘适合性明显优于凹面肩台型边缘PFM,凹面肩台型边缘的PFM的牙龈病变发生率,明显高于羽状边缘360°金属脚边的PFM,而边缘适合性差者较适合性好者牙龈病变发生率显著增高.结论：后牙PFM的边缘采用羽状边缘360°金属脚边是一种好的选择.     

羟基磷灰石义眼台作为药物缓释载体减轻术后反应的临床观察

目的评价羟基磷灰石（HA）义眼台作为药物缓释载体减轻眼球摘除义眼台植入术后反应的效果。方法植入HA义眼台前，用地塞米松5mg，庆大霉素8万u，透明质酸酶1500U混合液浸泡HA义眼台15—20min后植入，手术步骤按常规。结果观察术后1周反应情况，52例中51例（98．07％）无疼痛或仅有轻度疼痛；44例（84．62％）结膜无水肿；36例（69．23％）无恶心；16例（30．77％）轻中度恶心；48例（92．31％）无呕吐。与对照组（43例）比较，术后疼痛、结膜水肿、恶心呕吐均较轻，其差别均有统计学意义（P〈0．001）。结论HA义眼台作为药物缓释载体植入眼球肌膜囊内能有效地控制术后反应，减轻患者痛苦。     

北京市农村居民医疗费用研究

了解北京市农村居民医疗费用情况。方法：分4个季度调查农村居民医疗卫生服务需要及利用情况，同时调查三级医疗机构门诊及住院病人的医疗功用。结果：农村居民年人均医疗费用80．95元，其中老年人为166．01元，居民年人均医疗费用最高的疾病为感冒及心脑血管病。结论：建议加强农村老年保健工作，发展和完善农村合作医疗制度。     

有机-无机复合型聚合物电解质的研究进展

聚合物电解质是现在锂离子电池研究领域的热点，有机－无机复合型聚合物电解质（CSPE）是现在聚合物电解质的研究主流。在聚合物电解质中添加无机添末，特别是纳米材料，大大改善了聚合物电解质的机械性能、离子导电性能以及界面稳定性能。对CSPE性能进行了评价，对在CSPE中添加无机粉末性能改善机理作了概括和探讨，并对CSPE的前景作了展望。     

99m TC-MIBI动态显像对非小细胞肺癌化疗疗效的预测价值初探

目的 探讨^99mTC-MIBI动态显像对非小细胞肺癌化疗疗效的预测价值。方法 对确诊为不能手术的非小细胞肺癌患者化疗前,静脉注射740mbq ^99mTC-MIBI后分别于30min,2h行SPECT动态扫描,计算早期/晚期肿瘤组织与对侧正常肺组织的放射活性比（T/Ne,T/Nd）,全身采用卡铂/顺铂＋VP16化疗3周期,随后复查胸部CT,评判化疗疗效及其与^99mTC-MIBI动态显像的关系。结果 78例NSCLC符合入选标准,并完成化疗方案,66例呈阳性显像,12例阴性显像,66例阳性显像中化疗有效率为90.7%,阴性显像12例中化疗全部进展,两者比较差异有显著性（P〈0.01）。结论 ^99mTC-MIBI动态显像的放射活性越高,化疗效果越好,对非小细胞肺癌化疗疗效有预测价值,可为合理制定治疗方案提供重要依据。     

Mitchell手术治疗拇外翻畸形的改进

目的　采用改进的Mitchell术式矫正拇外翻畸形。方法　对Mitchell术式进行改进 ,术中缩短第 1跖骨 ,内侧舌状骨瓣旋后外翻嵌入截骨近端髓腔 ,拇收肌联合腱移位于第 1跖骨头外侧 ,并松解第 1跖趾外侧关节囊等综合整形。结果　共 63例 (1 0 1足 )应用Mitchell术式并得到 2年以上的随访 ,总优良率达 91 % ,疗效满意。结论　本术式针对拇外翻畸形的病理解剖及其症状多方面矫正 ,使术后的外形和功能得到全面改善 ,可同时适用中老年患者     

The relationship between maternal needs and priorities in a neonatal intensive care environment

AIM: The aim of this study was to investigate the nature and organization of maternal needs and priorities in a neonatal unit. BACKGROUND: The relationship between maternal needs and priorities appears to be an under studied area in neonatal nursing. METHODS: A quantitative survey was carried out based on 209 mothers with premature infants. Two self-assessment schedules were used: critical care maternal needs inventory (J. Leske, Heart and Lung 15, 27-42) and a ranking scale. The data were analysed with multivariate analysis. FINDINGS: Data analysis revealed clear priorities in maternal needs. In particular the need for accurate infant related information was a priority for 93% of the mothers. Good communication practices with professionals were also valued. The mothers displayed altruistic behaviour, and self-related needs took second place. It is proposed that maternal needs demonstrate a hierarchical organization. CONCLUSION: It is important for nurses to consider the individual needs of the mothers, simply because the satisfaction of these needs is essential for maternal well-being.     

Neonatally administered capsaicin induces functional disturbances in the carotid afferent pathway to the nucleus tractus solitarius.

The effect of neonatal capsaicin treatment on chemo- and/or barosensory input to the medulla was studied in 35-40-day-old rats. By means of responses evoked in the nucleus tractus solitarius by stimulating the ipsilateral sinusal nerve, the excitability of slow-conducting carotid afferent fibers and the effect of substance P microinjection into the fourth ventricle were evaluated. Neonatal capsaicin resulted in reduced amplitude of the late component of the evoked responses, increased chronaxie values in the strength-duration paradigm, and increased sensitivity of evoked responses to the inhibitory effect of intracerebroventricular administered substance P. The results indicate that capsaicin given early in life leads to functional disturbances of chemo- and/or barosensory input to the nucleus tractus solitarius, involving both the slow-conducting primary afferents and the receptors for substance P of the second-order cells of the sensory pathway.