慢性癫痫大鼠脑组织生长抑素受体功能的变化

探讨癫痫发病的生化机制。方法用１２５Ｉ－ＳＯＭ作为配基,采用放射性配基受体结合分析法,对戊四氮诱导的慢性癫痫大鼠海马生长抑素（ＳＯＭ）受体功能进行了测定。结果慢性癫痫大鼠及对照组海马ＳＯＭ受体的Ｂｍａｘ值分别为２４６．０±１８．２ｐｍｏｌ／ｇ蛋白质及２２０．０±１５．３ｐｍｏｌ／ｇ蛋白质,Ｋｄ值分别为４．１９±０．３４ｎｍｏｌ／Ｌ及３．８９±０．２２ｎｍｏｌ／Ｌ。常用的抗痫药卡马西平（ＣＢＺ）、丙戌酸钠（ＶＰＡ）及钙桔抗剂尼莫地平（ＮＩＭ）能降低受体的亲和力,而苯妥因钠（ＰＨＴ）则无影响。结论ＳＯＭ受体活性增高在癫痫发病中起着重要作用,常用抗痫药的抗痫活性可能与其降低ＳＯＭ受体活性有关。     

上海市居民吸烟与癌症及有关疾病十年前瞻性研究

目的探讨上海市民吸烟与癌症及有关疾病的关系。方法８０年代初在上海市区、市郊和郊县开展了居民吸烟状况的横断面调查。至１９９４年年底,市区研究对象随访了１２年,郊区研究对象随访了１１年。本次研究分析了４０岁以上研究对象的随访资料,并用Ｐｏｉｓｏｎ回归模型估计吸烟因素的年龄调整相对危险度及其９５％可信区间。结果市区分析结果表明,男女性吸烟者全死因的相对危险度分别为１．４８、１．６２。而所有癌症死亡的相对危险度男性为２．２０,女性为２．００。相对危险度有统计学意义的癌症部位是肺癌、肝癌、食管癌（男）、胃癌（男）、胰腺癌（男）、膀胱癌（男）。脑血管疾病、慢性支气管炎、肺气肿和肺心病的相对危险度也见显著升高。市郊和郊县的结果与市区类似。我们估计了三个地区吸烟对男性某些疾病的归因危险度（ＰＡＲ）,所有死因吸烟的ＰＡＲ（％）三地分别为２０．９、１８．９、１６．３,所有癌症三地吸烟的ＰＡＲ（％）分别为４０．０、３４．５、３４．２,肺癌三地吸烟的ＰＡＲ（％）分别为７１．７、５９．２、６４．７。结论吸烟与一些癌症、慢性阻塞性肺部疾病、肺原性心脏病及脑血管病等的死亡有关     

假性近视眼的性质分析

目的对假性近视眼的性质进行探讨.方法对典型假性近视眼100例及有近视现象的328名中小学生作了检查,包括远近视力、睫状肌麻痹下验光及眼底检查.结果 100例假性近视眼检影以远视为主(83%),少数为混合散光(11.5%),个别为近视(5.5%).56名假性近视眼3年后复查,除2例外,其它无一变成近视眼.结论假性近视眼多为异常视力负荷而引发的一种近视现象(症状性近视),本质上不是近视眼.     

儿童接种肾综合征出血热Ⅰ型灭活疫苗的成本效益和效果分析

采用建德市肾综合征出血热Ⅰ型灭活疫苗效果考核现场资料,计算５～９岁和１０～１４岁各年龄组的效益费用比（ＢＣＲ）和效果费用比（ＣＥＲ）。结果各年龄组ＢＣＲ和ＣＥＲ均小于１或大于０;５～９岁年龄组儿童接种疫苗后的ＣＥＲ和预防一个病人的费用是１０～１４岁年龄组的一倍左右。结论：可在高发区１０～１４岁儿童中开展ＨＦＲＳ疫苗预防接种。     

促皮质素对甲醛引起大鼠脊髓内生长抑素的影响

目的：研究促皮质素（Ｃｏｒ）对甲醛引起大鼠脊髓内生长抑素及其合成的影响,方法：采用免疫组织化学,免疫组织化学双重染色法和原位杂交技术。结果：足底注射甲醛使大鼠脊髓背角内ＦＬＩ,ＳｏｍＬＩ,Ｓｏｍ－ＬＩ／ＦＬＩ和ＰＰＳ－ｍＲＮＡ神经元数均对较对照组显著增多,单独ｉｐＣｏｒ对脊髓背角ＦＬＩ和Ｓｏｍ－ＬＩ无明显影响。但是,ｉｐＣｏｒ显著抑制甲醛引起的背角内ＦＬＩ,Ｓｏｍ－ＬＩ,Ｓｏｍ－ＬＩ／ＦＬＩ和ＰＰ     

跌打丸的质量标准探讨

目的: 研究跌打丸的质量标准.方法: 建立了三七、白芍与赤芍、牡丹皮的薄层色谱鉴别和丹皮酚紫外分光光度含量测定法.结果: 定性方法能检出三七、白芍与赤芍、牡丹皮.丹皮酚含量测定的平均回收率为99.4%,RSD=1.1%.结论: 该方法适用于跌打丸的质量控制.     

中药脑肺康对地鼠实验性肺气肿及肺动脉高压的防治作用

目的 观察中药肺康对缺氧性肺动脉高压和肺气肿的防治效果并探讨其作用机制。方法 以弹性蛋白酶溶液滴注入金黄地鼠气管内,正常饲养３０ｄ后,常压下缺氧１５ｄ,分别设立中药脑肺康预防组、治疗组、肺气肿＋缺氧组及正常对照组。于处死动物前,测量平均肺动脉压,取静脉血进行循环内皮细胞计数;处死后测量右心肥大指数,光镜下计数左侧肺支气管肺泡灌洗液内细胞总数,对右侧肺进行光镜图像分析。结果 中药脑肺康预防组和治疗３     

Early infant feeding and growth status of US-born infants and children aged 4-71 mo: analyses from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994

BACKGROUND: There is controversy over what growth references to use in evaluating breast-fed infants and concern about whether never-breast-fed infants are at risk of overweight in childhood. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to determine whether infants who are exclusively breast-fed for 4 mo differ in average size from infants who are fed in other ways and whether such differences persist through age 5 y. DESIGN: Data from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) were linked to birth certificates of US-born infants and children. Feeding groups were defined on the basis of feeding patterns over the first 4 mo of life: exclusively breast-fed for 4 mo, partially breast-fed, breast-fed for <4 mo, and never breast-fed. Growth status, indexed as internally derived z scores (SD units) for weight, length (height), weight-for-length (height), midupper arm circumference, and triceps skinfold thickness, was compared among feeding groups. RESULTS: The final sample consisted of 5594 non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, and Mexican American infants and children aged 4-71 mo. Of these, 21% were exclusively breast-fed for 4 mo, 10% were partially breast-fed, 24% were breast-fed for <4 mo, and 45% were never breast-fed. At 8-11 mo, infants who were exclusively breast-fed for4 mo had adjusted mean z scores for weight (-0.21; -0.2 kg), weight-for-length (-0.27), and midupper arm circumference (-0.15) that differed significantly from zero (P < 0. 05). By 12-23 mo, the differences had dissipated; there were no significant differences subsequent to 5 y. Triceps skinfold thickness was not related to early infant feeding. CONCLUSION: Infants who were exclusively breast-fed for 4 mo weighed less at 8-11 mo than did infants who were fed in other ways, but there were few other significant differences in growth status through age 5 y associated with early infant feeding.     

γ—干扰素对喉癌细胞株HEP—2增殖活性的影响

用单克隆抗体Ｋｉ－６７（抗ＰＣＮＡ），以链霉菌素－生物素技术（ＬＳＡＢ）检测喉癌细胞株ＨＥＰ－２增殖细胞核抗原（ＰＣＮＡ）表达。人重组γ－干扰素（ｒｈｕ－ＩＦＮ－γ）抑制ＰＣＮＡ表达（即抗增殖活性）强弱与其剂量有关；雌激素对ｒｈｕ－ＩＦＮ－γ抗增殖作用无影响。提示：ｒｈｕ－ＩＦＮ－γ对喉癌细胞株ＨＥＰ－２有抗增殖作用，因而在喉癌的治疗中具有应用价值的。     

Auditing paediatric diabetes care and the impact of a specialist nurse trained in paediatric diabetes

AIMS: To define outcome measures for auditing the clinical care of children and adolescents with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and to assess the benefit of appointing a dedicated paediatric trained diabetes specialist nurse (PDSN). METHODS: Retrospective analysis of medical notes and hospital records. Glycaemic control, growth, weight gain, microvascular complications, school absence, and the proportion of children undergoing an annual clinical review and diabetes education session were assessed. The effect of the appointment of a PDSN on the frequency of hospital admission, length of inpatient stay, and outpatient attendance was evaluated. RESULTS: Children with IDDM were of normal height and grew well for three years after diagnosis, but grew suboptimally thereafter. Weight gain was above average every year after diagnosis. Glycaemic control was poor at all ages with only 16% of children having an acceptable glycated haemoglobin. Eighty five per cent of patients underwent a formal annual clinical review, of whom 16% had background retinopathy and 20% microalbuminuria in one or more samples. After appointing the PDSN the median length of hospital stay for newly diagnosed patients decreased from five days to one day, with 10 of 24 children not admitted. None of the latter was admitted during the next year. There was no evidence of the PDSN affecting the frequency of readmission or length of stay of children with established IDDM. Non-attendance at the outpatient clinic was reduced from a median of 19 to 10%. CONCLUSIONS: Outcome measures for evaluating the care of children with IDDM can be defined and evaluated. Specialist nursing support markedly reduces the length of hospital stay of newly diagnosed patients without sacrificing the quality of care.