Monoclonal antibodies specific for the two types of wall-forming bodies of Eimeria tenella macrogametes (Coccidia, Apicomplexa)

Two monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) raised against the macrogamonts of Eimeria tenella identified antigens located in the wall-forming bodies of type I (WF I) and type II (WF II) by indirect immunofluorescence and by immunoelectron microscopy. With these mAbs, the involvement of both types of wall-forming body at the protein level in the formation of the inner and outer oocyst walls of E. tenella was shown by indirect immunofluorescence assay. On Western blots of pure macrogamont, mAb E1D8 against WF I reacted with a series of bands between 42 kDa and 105 kDa. In pure, unsporulated extract, this mAb recognized a complex of bands between 26 kDa and 153 kDa. mAb E2E5 against WF II, on Western blots of pure extract of macrogamonts, recognized an antigen of 51 kDa. Later in the development, after the formation of the inner oocyst wall, mAb E2E5 reacted with three polypeptide of 23, 25 and 30 kDa. Proteolytic processing may be forwarded as the mechanism regulating the distinct regulation protein involved in the oocyst wall.     

Reactions of Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae) to parasitism by Aphaereta pallipes (Say) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), with special reference to host diet and parasitoid toxin

Summary Varying host reaction of the house fly, Musca domestica L., to parasitism by the braconid Aphaereta pallipes (Say) was chiefly correlated with the diet of the host. Some evidence was found that implicated the strain of the host, the rearing temperatures, the ages of the parasitoid and the host, and the site of oviposition. Though development of A. pallipes embryos was inhibited before they became encapsulated with melanin within the host, the presence of the parasitoid and (or) the effect of its paralyzing toxin that was injected into the host just before oviposition prevented normal larval, pupal, or adult development of the six house fly strains tested. A considerable increase of parasitoid survival occurred when M. domestica larvae were reared on a chemically defined diet.

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Zusammenfassung Musca domestica L. reagierte unterschiedlich auf die Parasitierung durch die Braconide Aphaereta pallipes (Say). Die verschiedenen Reaktionen waren im wesentlichen mit der Art der Wirtsnahrung korreliert. Daneben finden sich Hinweise, daß auch der Wirtsstamm, dessen Zuchttemperatur, das Alter von Parasit und Wirt und der Eiablageort des Parasiten die Reaktionen beeinflussen. Obgleich die Entwicklung von Parasitenembryonen bereits gehemmt war, ehe sie innerhalb des Wirtes von Melanin eingeschlossen wurden, so verhinderten doch die Parasiten-embryonen und/oder die Wirkung der vor der Eiablage abgegebenen Paralysierungstoxine die normale Entwicklung der Wirte aus sechs Fliegenstämmen. Eine beträchtliche Steigerung der Überlebensrate der Parasiten trat ein, wenn M. domestica-Larven in einem Gemisch chemisch genau definierter Nahrung gezogen wurden.

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With 8 Figures in the Text

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Formerly National Research Council Postdoctorate Fellow, Research Institute, Belleville, Ontario.     

Patient involvement in oral hygiene cooperation: a factor analytic study

In a previous study the concept "patient involvement" was found to be strongly predictive of therapy outcome. On the basis of a questionnaire concerning patients' background and motivation, 82 patients were interviewed before treatment. To cover the concept "patient involvement" 16 variables were considered as relevant measures. In a factor analysis four factors accounted for 90% of the common variance. The factors were interpreted in terms of: initial attitudes, attendance, self-confidence and teeth-mindedness.     

The bilateral conchal cartilage graft: A new technique in augmentation rhinoplasty

The most common procedures to reconstruct a severe saddle-nose deformity are autogenous costal cartilage, iliac bone grafting, or Silastic implants. Each of them has its specific disadvantages. As an alternative solution, an autogenous bilateral conchal graft in sand-wich technique is described. A 3-layer graft for the dorsum and a 2-layer graft to support the depressed columellar-tip area grants a more natural and elastic reconstruction of the nasal framework. The conchal grafts are taken by an incision made on the preauricular surface of the ear. How to plane the curved grafts by meticulous cross-hatching and to immobilize them in the recipient area by transcutaneous suturing is demonstrated.Presented at the VIII International Congress of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Montreal, Canada, June, 1983     

Is the Parkland formula still the best method for determining the fluid resuscitation volume in adults for the first 24 hours after injury? — A retrospective analysis of burn patients in Germany

BackgroundR Rapid fluid resuscitation is a crucial therapy during the treatment of patients with extensive burns. In 1968, the Parkland Formula was introduced for the calculation of the estimated volume of the resuscitation fluid. Since then, different methods for the calculation of fluid resuscitation volume have been developed. We aimed to evaluate if the Parkland formula is still the most effective method for fluid resuscitation volume calculation in burn patients.MethodsIn the period between January 2015 and January 2019, data from 569 patients over 16 years old with burns of more than 20% total body surface area (TBSA) and at least 15% TBSA full thickness burns were entered in the German burn registry. The patients were divided into 5 groups (0, +1, ?1, +2, ?2) according to the volume of the resuscitation fluid they received. Group 0 patients received the amount of fluid calculated according to the Parkland formula (n = 83). The 4 other groups received reduced (-1, -2) or increased (+1, +2) fluid volumes in comparison to the value obtained by the Parkland formula.ResultsPatients in Group 0 presented a significantly lower mortality in the first week (4.5%) compared to groups –2 (16.7%) and group +2 (19.5%) (p = 0.021). Furthermore, the mean number of operations in group +2 (5.81) was higher than in group ?2 (3.81). Surviving patients from group +2 presented a longer hospital stay (68.1 days) compared to the other groups. Additionally, the logistic regression analysis showed a higher survival of patients in groups ?2 and ?1 (regression coefficients ?0.11 and ?0.086; Odds Ratio 0.896 and 0.918; 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 0,411–1.951 and 0.42–2.004).ConclusionIn this retrospective study, register based analysis a restrictive fluid regime was associated with a higher survival compared to the liberal Parkland guided fluid regime.     

Cell salvage in burn excisional surgery

BackgroundHemostasis during burn surgery is difficult to achieve, and high blood loss commonly occurs. Bleeding control measures are limited, and many patients require allogeneic blood transfusions. Cell salvage is a well-known method used to reduce transfusions. However, its evidence in burns is limited. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the feasibility of cell salvage during burn surgery.Study design and methodsA prospective, observational study was conducted with 16 patients (20 measurements) scheduled for major burn surgery. Blood was recovered by washing saturated gauze pads with heparinized saline, which was then processed using the Cell Saver. Erythrocyte concentrate quality was analyzed by measuring hemoglobin, hematocrit, potassium, and free hemoglobin concentration. Microbial contamination was assessed based on cultures at every step of the process. Differences in blood samples were tested using the Student’s t-test.ResultsThe red blood cell mass recovered was 29 ± 11% of the mass lost. Patients’ preoperative hemoglobin and hematocrit levels were 10.5 ± 1.8 g/dL and 0.33 ± 0.05 L/L, respectively. The erythrocyte concentrate showed hemoglobin and hematocrit levels of 13.2 ± 3.9 g/dL and 0.40 ± 0.11 L/L thus showing a concentration effect. The potassium level was lower in the erythrocyte concentrate (2.5 ± 1.5 vs. 4.1 ± 0.4 mmol/L, p < 0.05). The free hemoglobin level was low (0.16 ± 0.21 μmol/L). All cultures of the erythrocyte concentrate showed bacterial growth compared to 21% of wound cultures.ConclusionRecovering erythrocytes during burn excisional surgery using cell salvage is possible. Despite strict sterile handling, erythrocyte concentrates of all patients showed bacterial contamination. The consequence of this contamination remains unclear and should be investigated in future studies.     

Enhancement of peroxisomal enzymes, cytochrome P-452 and DNA synthesis in putative preneoplastic foci of rat liver treated with the peroxisome proliferator nafenopin

The peroxisome proliferator (PP) nafenopin (NAF) enhanced tumordevelopment in rat liver through promotion of a subtype of putativepreneoplastic cell foci, characterized by weak cytoplasmic basophilia(1,2). In order to elucidate the selective growth advantageof these weakly basophilic foci (WBF) we investigated the effectsof NAF on their metabolic phenotype and DNA synthesis. In WBF,as well as in other foci subpopulations and in hepatocellularcarcinomas the occurrence of five NAF-inducible enzymes, i.e.of peroxisomal ß-oxidation (acyl-CoA oxidase, bifunctionalprotein and thiolase), catalase and cytochrome P-452 was studiedby immunohistochemical methods. In untreated livers almost allfoci were stained with the same intensity as the surroundingtissue. When NAF was applied, most of the liver foci showedconsiderably less staining than the non-focal parenchyma inwhich pronounced enzyme induction had occurred. However, thesubpopulation of WBF showed a more heterogeneous pattern ofenzyme expression varying from less to even more than in theadjacent tissue. A similarly broad range of expression of peroxisomalenzymes was found in hepatocellular carcinomas. On average,however, the tumors exhibited less staining and lower activityof peroxisomal ß-oxidation than the surrounding parenchyma.WBF always showed higher rates of DNA synthesis than other focisubtypes and unaltered liver. In     

Non-linearity of neoplastic conversion induced in rat liver by low exposures to diethylnitrosamine

Neoplastic conversion induced in rat liver by diethylnitrosamine(DEN) was quantified by measuring preneoplastic and neoplasticlesions over a 34 week period in the beginning of which thecarcinogen was given at three dose levels and two dose ratesfor the first 10 weeks, after which animals were maintainedfor 24 weeks with either no further exposure or were fed phenobarbital(PB) to promote neoplastic development of cells converted byDEN. DEN was injected s.c. inmale F344 rats at weekly or biweeklyintervals for total doses of 1, 2 or 4 mmol/kg body wt and thenthe rats were maintained on basal diet alone or diet containing0.05% PB. At the end of exposure, DEN had produced a dose-relateddecrease in centrilobular glutamine synthetase-expressing (GS⁺)hepatocytes which is indicative of mild cytotoxicity. All dosesinduced foci that were     

SHORT COMMUNICATION: Peroxisomal enzyme induction uncoupled from enhanced DNA synthesis in putative preneoplastic liver foci of rats treated with a single dose of the peroxisome proliferator nafenopin

Putative preneoplastic foci of spontaneous origin could be detectedin the livers of 2 year old, untreated male Wistar rats. Theunaltered and preneoplastic hepatocytes showed an identicalexpression of the peroxisomal marker enzyme acyl-CoA oxidase,as determined by immunohistochemical staining. A single doseof the peroxisome proliferator (PP) nafenopin (NAF) inducedthe enzyme predominantly in hepatocytes around the central venulesand cell replication mainly in the periportal areas. However,upon one NAF application almost all of the preneoplastic focishowed a considerably weaker immunoreaction for peroxisomalacyl-CoA oxidase than the surrounding tissue. ConcomitantlyNAF elevated replicative DNA synthesis index in foci up to