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991.
992.
Marie Soressi Shannon P. McPherron Michel Lenoir Tamara Dogand?i? Paul Goldberg Zenobia Jacobs Yolaine Maigrot Naomi L. Martisius Christopher E. Miller William Rendu Michael Richards Matthew M. Skinner Teresa E. Steele Sahra Talamo Jean-Pierre Texier 《Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America》2013,110(35):14186-14190
Modern humans replaced Neandertals ∼40,000 y ago. Close to the time of replacement, Neandertals show behaviors similar to those of the modern humans arriving into Europe, including the use of specialized bone tools, body ornaments, and small blades. It is highly debated whether these modern behaviors developed before or as a result of contact with modern humans. Here we report the identification of a type of specialized bone tool, lissoir, previously only associated with modern humans. The microwear preserved on one of these lissoir is consistent with the use of lissoir in modern times to obtain supple, lustrous, and more impermeable hides. These tools are from a Neandertal context proceeding the replacement period and are the oldest specialized bone tools in Europe. As such, they are either a demonstration of independent invention by Neandertals or an indication that modern humans started influencing European Neandertals much earlier than previously believed. Because these finds clearly predate the oldest known age for the use of similar objects in Europe by anatomically modern humans, they could also be evidence for cultural diffusion from Neandertals to modern humans. 相似文献
993.
Putzke JD Richards JS Hicken BL DeVivo MJ 《Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation》2002,83(4):555-561
OBJECTIVE: To determine unique demographic, medical, perceived health, and handicap predictors of life satisfaction 2 years after spinal cord injury (SCI), as well as the predictors of change in life satisfaction from year 1 to year 2. DESIGN: Prospective predictive study performed by using longitudinal data from 18 Spinal Cord Injury Model Systems. SETTING: University physical medicine and rehabilitation department. PARTICIPANTS: Adults with traumatic onset SCI (N = 940) evaluated at 1 and 2 years' postinjury. INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) 2 years post-SCI. Predictor variables: demographic characteristics, impairment and disability classifications, and 1 year post-SCI measures of life satisfaction (SWLS), medical complications, self-perceived health (Medical Outcomes Study 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey), and extent of handicap (Craig Handicap Assessment and Reporting Technique). RESULTS: The factors uniquely associated with an increased risk of lower self-reported life satisfaction at year 2 post-SCI included being male and unemployed, with poor perceived health, decreased mobility, and decreased social integration. After controlling for year 1 estimates of life satisfaction (ie, examining change in life satisfaction), only mobility and perceived health were uniquely related to life satisfaction 2 years post-SCI. CONCLUSION: Mobility and perceived health appear to be the consistent predictors of life satisfaction at year 2 post-SCI, as well as change in satisfaction from year 1 to year 2. Because both factors are amenable to change, they are reasonable targets of intervention programs. Identifying specific mechanisms of perceived health and mobility associated with life satisfaction should be an important area of continued research. 相似文献
994.
995.
Michael Lever Peter M. George Sandy Slow Jane L. Elmslie Russell S. Scott A. Mark Richards John N. Fink Stephen T. Chambers 《Cardiovascular drugs and therapy / sponsored by the International Society of Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy》2009,23(5):395-401
Purpose
Betaine is an osmolyte, supplies methyl groups, and controls plasma homocysteine. Abnormal urinary loss of betaine is common in patients with the metabolic syndrome or diabetes mellitus. These patients are often treated with fibrates which alter renal function and raise plasma homocysteine concentrations. We suggest there is a connection between fibrate treatment and betaine excretion. 相似文献996.
997.
998.
David W. Richards Patrick Quinn Bronte A. Stone Richard P. Marrs 《Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics》1990,7(1):22-27
Mouse zygotes were cultured in medium containing follicular fluid from patients who had follicles containing oocytes which fertilized, did not fertilize, or were atretic and who did or did not become pregnant after in vitro fertilization and embryo replacement. The inhibitory effect was least with the follicular fluid from follicies in which the oocytes subsequently fertilized, greater when the oocytes did not fertilize, and most inhibitory when the follicle contained an atretic oocyte. More mouse zygotes developed to blastocysts when culture medium was supplemented with follicular fluid from patients who became pregnant compared to those who did not become pregnant. There was no difference in pregnancy outcome when an oocyte which subsequently fertilized was obtained from the follicle. These results indicate that follicles contain a substance(s) which inhibits mouse zygote development in vitro and that the inhibitory activity is related to the developmental potential of the oocyte in the follicle. 相似文献
999.
1000.