Brain stem auditory evoked fields in response to clicks

Magnetoencephalographic correlates of brain stem auditory evoked potentials (BAEP) have been identified by applying the model of a current dipole with invariant location and orientation (fixed dipole) to data recorded with a 37-channel first-order gradiometer system. In all three subjects studied, the dominating wave of the recorded brain stem auditory evoked field (BAEF) coincided exactly with wave V in the contralateral BAEP (maximal field amplitude of the order of 2-3 fT). In one subject, also a wave preceding wave V was observed, which was associated with basically the same spatial pattern as wave V itself, but had an opposite polarity. The study suggests that the supplementary information provided by BAEF measurements could be decisive for a better understanding of human auditory evoked brain stem activity.     

Grape seed powder increases gastrointestinal motility

Grape seed is an important natural bioactive product with various health benefits. Interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) are pacemaker cells in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The present study investigated the effects of grape seed powder (GSP) on ICC properties and GI motility. GSP depolarized the pacemaker potentials of ICCs in a dose‑dependent manner. Y25130 or SB269970 slightly inhibited GSP‑induced effects. However, Y25130 and SB269970 together completely blocked GSP-induced effects. In the presence of inhibitors of protein kinase C, protein kinase A, or mitogen-activated protein kinase, GSP‑induced ICC depolarization was inhibited. GSP increased the intestinal transit rate in normal mice and in mice with acetic acid-induced GI motility disorder. In addition, the levels of motilin and substance P were elevated after GSP dosing. These results demonstrate that GSP can regulate GI motility, and therefore, it is a potential therapeutic agent for treating GI motility disorders.     

盐酸芬氟拉明对映体的柱前衍生物GC法分析

以ω－莰烷酰氯为衍生试剂,采用柱前衍生化ＧＣ法,成功地分析了盐酸芬氟拉明、金刚乙胺和盐酸氯胺酮。光谱分析确证了芬氟拉明酰胺衍生物的结构,优化了盐酸芬氟拉明酰胺衍生物的结构,优化了盐酸芬氟拉明衍生条件,建立了盐酸花氟拉明的内标法定量分析方法。     

美洛昔康咀嚼片的生物等效性研究

目的 研究美洛昔康咀嚼片在比格犬体内的药动学和生物等效性。方法 12只健康成年比格犬随机分为2组,采用双周期交叉实验设计,分别口服测试片剂和参比片剂2 mg,用RP-HPLC方法测定血浆中美洛昔康的浓度,应用3P97软件计算药动学参数,并进行两种制剂的生物等效性评价。结果 测试片剂和参比片剂的AUC_{0~96 h}分别为（2.85±0.64）和（2.79±0.48）μg/mL·h,T_max分别为（4.33±0.65）和（4.16±0.71）h,C_max分别为（0.091±0.017）和（0.086±0.021）μg/mL,t_1/2分别为（26.08±3.64）和（26.94±4.21）h,两者的lnAUC和lnC_max经双单侧t检验证明差异无统计意义。结论 测试片剂与国外上市的参比片剂具有生物等效性,其平均相对生物利用度为（98.0±9.76）%。     

Indirect fluorescence laryngoscopy in the diagnosis of precancerous and cancerous laryngeal lesions

Indirect fluorescence endoscopy of the larynx has proven to facilitate the detection and delineation of precancerous and cancerous lesion. The different methods are easy to handle and can be performed on an outpatient basis. Early diagnosis of laryngeal cancer and its precursor lesions is simplified. The aim of the present study is to compare indirect autofluorescence laryngoscopy to 5-ALA-induced PPIX fluorescence laryngoscopy. In a prospective study, 56 patients with suspected precancerous or cancerous lesions were primarily investigated by indirect autofluorescence laryngoscopy. In a second step 5-ALA-NaCl (0.6%) was topically applied to the larynx by inhalation, and indirect fluorescence laryngoscopy repeated 2 h after application. Autofluorescence as well as 5-ALA-induced fluorescence was induced by filtered light (375–440 nm) of a xenon short arc lamp and processed by a CCD camera system (D-light-AF System, Storz, Tuttlingen, Germany). White-light and fluorescence images were digitally recorded, immediately assessed for diagnosis and finally compared to pathohistological findings. Inconspicuous laryngeal mucosa presented a typical green fluorescence signal in autofluorescence endoscopy, which turned blue during 5-ALA-laryngoscopy. Precancerous and cancerous lesions displayed a loss of autofluorescence in autofluorescence endoscopy whereas increased protoporphyrin IX fluorescence could be observed in 5-ALA laryngoscopy. Both imaging techniques were suitable to distinguish benign from precancerous or cancerous lesions. In contrast PPIX fluorescence was easily recognized in scarred vocal folds. According to our results, both non-invasive fluorescence imaging techniques are useful in the early diagnosis of laryngeal cancer. Moreover autofluorescence can be used immediately without drug application and possible side effects. 5-ALA-induced fluorescence seems to be more suited for diagnostic examination of mucosal lesions in recurrent precancerous and cancerous lesions after surgery.     

头皮糠疹与巯氧吡啶锌

头皮糠疹是常见病是多发病,临床表现为头皮红斑和脱屑,提示皮损部位表皮结构和功能异常,头皮角质层代谢紊乱,最近对头皮糠疹病因和病理的研究证实马拉色菌,皮脂分泌和个体敏感性是形成上述皮损的3个关键因素,硫氧吡啶锌（PTZ或ZPT）可以有效地杀灭马拉色菌,PTZ的颗粒大小和形状对其在头皮的生物利用度有明显的影响。此外,PTZ的抗菌效果有赖于其分子结构的完整性,在外用制剂中加入附加的游离锌,可以有效防止PTZ解离,从而提高其疗效。     

骨髓增生异常综合征及慢性原因不明性粒细胞减少症患者骨髓CFU—GM和CFU—F的初步观察

利用人类骨髓粒一单核系祖细胞集落(CFU—GM)和成纤维细胞集落(CFU—F)体外检测技术,比较观察32例骨髓增生异常综合征(MDS)和11例慢性原因不明性粒细胞减少症(CIN)患者的造血改变。结果表明,MDS 和 CIN 的造血状态存在显著区别,69%的 MDS 患者 CFU—GM集落显著受抑,集簇、簇/落比值明显升高;其 CFU—F 集落亦存在明显缺陷。而 CIN 患者的上述指标均类似于正常。这提示体外集落检测技术有助于 MDS 和 CIN 的鉴别。此外,CFU—GM 系列培养对 MDS 患者具有一定预后价直。     

17β-Estradiol-Induced Synaptic Rearrangements Are Accompanied by Altered Ectonucleotidase Activities in Male Rat Hippocampal Synaptosomes

17β-Estradiol (E2) rapidly, by binding to membrane estrogen receptors, activates cell signaling cascades which induce formation of new dendritic spines in the hippocampus of males as in females, but the interaction with other metabolic processes, such as extracellular adenine nucleotides metabolism, are currently unknown. Extracellular adenine nucleotides play significant roles, controlling excitatory glutamatergic synapses and development of neural circuits and synaptic plasticity. Their precise regulation in the synaptic cleft is tightly controlled by ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase (NTPDase)/ecto-5′-nucleotidase (eN) enzyme chain. Therefore, we sought to clarify whether a single systemic injection of E2 in male rats is accompanied by changes in the expression of the pre- and postsynaptic proteins and downstream kinases linked to E2-induced synaptic rearrangement as well as alterations in NTPDase/eN pathway in the hippocampal synaptosomes. Obtained data showed activation of mammalian target of rapamycin and upregulation of key synaptic proteins necessary for spine formation, 24 h after systemic E2 administration. In E2-mediated conditions, we found downregulation of NTPDase1 and NTPDase2 and attenuation of adenine nucleotide hydrolysis by NTPDase/eN enzyme chain, without changes in NTPDase3 properties and augmentation of synaptic tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) activity. Despite reduced NTPDase activities, increased TNAP activity probably prevents toxic accumulation of ATP in the extracellular milieu and also hydrolyzes accumulated ADP due to unchanged NTPDase3 activity. Thus, our initial evaluation supports idea of specific roles of different ectonucleotidases and their coordinated actions in E2-mediated spine remodeling and maintenance.