Prognostic value of PRL-3 overexpression in early stages of colonic cancer

Aims:  High expression of phosphatase of regenerating liver (PRL-3) has been implicated in cancer invasion and metastasis, indicating a close link between PRL-3 and cancer development. The aim was to investigate the significance of PRL-3 expression in the prognosis of colonic cancer.
Methods and results:  Expression of PRL-3 protein in tissue slides obtained from surgical resection of primary colonic cancer was measured by immunohistochemistry using a specific anti-PRL-3 monoclonal antibody. Archived tissue specimens from 273 colonic cancers and 236 matched specimens of adjacent normal colonic mucosa with a median follow-up of 57 months were examined. Multivariate analysis showed that PRL-3 was an independent prognostic marker for disease-free survival [DFS; hazard ratio (HR) 1.538, P  = 0.035]. More importantly, the expression of PRL-3 showed significant negative correlation with DFS ( P  = 0.018) in patients in the early stages (stage I and II). Patients with high levels of PRL-3 expression in the adjacent normal mucosa also had a significant worse survival rate (DFS 0.0% versus 74.4%, P  = 0.001), and PRL-3 expression remained an independent prognostic marker for DFS (HR 3.0, 95% confidence interval 1.7, 5.3, P  < 0.001).
Conclusions:  PRL-3 may predict poor survival and act as a promising biomarker for individualized therapy for patients with colonic cancer, especially for those diagnosed at an early stage.     

1例大面积脑梗死并鼻出血致休克病人的护理

脑梗死是指由于脑部血液供应障碍致缺血、缺氧引起局限性脑组织缺血性坏死或脑软化.在临床治疗中,脑梗死在应用抗凝、降纤治疗、活血化淤后会出现皮肤黏膜、消化道、尿道等不同部位的出血,但鼻腔大量出血致病人休克的情况临床罕见.鼻出血是指鼻腔出血经前鼻孔流出或经后鼻孔流至咽部,轻者涕中带血或点状出血,重者大量出血,不易控制,可引起休克甚至死亡.我科于2006年12月收治1例老年脑梗死病人,住院期间出现鼻出血,量约300 mL,血压及血红蛋白一度下降,出现休克表现,病情危重,经过积极抢救及精心护理,病情平稳,转入康复科继续治疗.现将护理体会报告如下.     

Evidence that the retroviral DNA integration process triggers an ATR-dependent DNA damage response

Caffeine is an efficient inhibitor of cellular DNA repair, likely through its effects on ATM (ataxia telangiectasia mutated) and ATR (ATM and Rad3-related) kinases. Here, we show that caffeine treatment causes a dose-dependent reduction in the total amount of HIV-1 and avian sarcoma virus retroviral vector DNA that is joined to host DNA in the population of infected cells and also in the number of transduced cells. These changes were observed at caffeine concentrations that had little or no effect on overall cell growth, synthesis, and nuclear import of the viral DNA, or the activities of the viral integrase in vitro. Substantial reductions in the amount of host-viral-joined DNA in the infected population, and in the number of transductants, were also observed in the presence of a dominant-negative form of the ATR protein, ATRkd. After infection, a significant fraction of these cells undergoes cell death. In contrast, retroviral transduction is not impeded in ATM-deficient cells, and addition of caffeine leads to the same reduction that was observed in ATM-proficient cells. These results suggest that activity of the ATR kinase, but not the ATM kinase, is required for successful completion of the viral DNA integration process and/or survival of transduced cells. Components of the cellular DNA damage repair response may represent potential targets for antiretroviral drug development.     

Efficient and non-toxic gene transfer to cardiomyocytes using novel generation amplicon vectors derived from HSV-1

OBJECTIVE: The feasibility of gene transfer to myocardial tissue using viral vectors was investigated over the last few years. In this study we report gene transfer using a recently described improved of Herpes simplex virus (HSV-1)-derived amplicon vectors and demonstrate that these vectors are a powerful and potentially very interesting tool for gene transfer into neonatal primary as well as in adult cardiac myocytes. METHODS AND RESULTS: Non-pathogenic HSV-1 amplicon vectors simultaneously expressing GFP and LacZ were constructed using a novel helper system that yields essentially helper-free vector particles. These vectors were used to infect either cultured primary neonatal rat cardiomyocytes or adult cardiac tissue. Transgenic expression was quantified using a FACS (GFP) or X-gal staining (LacZ). Infection of primary cardiomyocytes showed efficient transduction even at very low multiplicity of infection (MOI), and expression increased with the infectious dose. By investigating release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) or spontaneous beating of the cells, we failed to detect cytotoxic effects in cardiomyocytes infected at high MOI. Thin slices of adult cardiac tissue placed in medium containing vectors also showed very good levels of transduction, without any evidence of toxic effects. CONCLUSIONS: Helper-free amplicon vectors very efficiently transduce genes into cardiomyocytes. Our results indicate similar or better transduction efficiencies than those reported using other vector systems. Furthermore, the very high transgenic capacity of amplicon vectors (up to 150 kbp) makes these vectors a unique and very suitable system to transduce large genomic sequences into cardiomyocytes.     

Five system barriers to achieving ultrasafe health care

Although debate continues over estimates of the amount of preventable medical harm that occurs in health care, there seems to be a consensus that health care is not as safe and reliable as it might be. It is often assumed that copying and adapting the success stories of nonmedical industries, such as civil aviation and nuclear power, will make medicine as safe as these industries. However, the solution is not that simple. This article explains why a benchmarking approach to safety in high-risk industries is needed to help translate lessons so that they are usable and long lasting in health care. The most important difference among industries lies not so much in the pertinent safety toolkit, which is similar for most industries, but in an industry's willingness to abandon historical and cultural precedents and beliefs that are linked to performance and autonomy, in a constant drive toward a culture of safety. Five successive systemic barriers currently prevent health care from becoming an ultrasafe industrial system: the need to limit the discretion of workers, the need to reduce worker autonomy, the need to make the transition from a craftsmanship mindset to that of equivalent actors, the need for system-level (senior leadership) arbitration to optimize safety strategies, and the need for simplification. Finally, health care must overcome 3 unique problems: a wide range of risk among medical specialties, difficulty in defining medical error, and various structural constraints (such as public demand, teaching role, and chronic shortage of staff). Without such a framework to guide development, ongoing efforts to improve safety by adopting the safety strategies of other industries may yield reduced dividends. Rapid progress is possible only if the health care industry is willing to address these structural constraints needed to overcome the 5 barriers to ultrasafe performance.     

丹红注射液治疗ST段抬高型心肌梗死直接经皮冠状动脉介入术后无复流/慢血流的研究

目的探讨丹红注射液治疗ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)直接经皮冠状动脉介入术(PCI)术后无复流/慢血流的有效性、安全性以及机制。方法选择2012年10月-2014年9月罹患STEMI并符合入选标准的患者,随机分配至丹红注射液治疗组和对照组,持续治疗10 d。测定血清心肌坏死标志物、IRA血流速度、血清BNP以及ET-1浓度;记录症状、住院期间病死率和不良反应。结果 (1)共入选57例,随机分为丹红组28例,对照组29例,两组间的基线资料无统计学差异;(2)术后3 d心肌坏死标志物峰值,丹红组显著低于对照组;(3)术后10 d IRA的DPV、DMV、DDT≥600ms比率、STR≥70%的比率以及LVEF,丹红组均显著高于对照组;血清BNP、ET-1水平,丹红组显著低于对照组;(4)住院期间心绞痛/心衰症状发生率,丹红组低于对照组,而病死率两组间比较,差异无统计学意义;(5)丹红组有2例发生轻度副反应。结论丹红注射液能改善直接PCI术后无复流/慢血流的血流速度、减小心梗面积、减轻左室重构及促进左室功能的恢复,该疗效与其降低ET-1水平有关。     

妇科术后腹胀的临床护理干预

目的研究对妇科手术患者实施综合干预对于治疗术后腹胀的临床有效性。方法选取温州医科大学附属乐清医院2012年8月~2014年8月收治的292例卵巢囊肿患者,并按照护理方案的不同分为两组,对照组146例患者予以常规护理干预,观察组146例患者予以综合护理干预,且两组患者均由同一医疗团队给予卵巢囊肿剔除术进行治疗,观察并比较两组患者治疗后心理状态改善情况、腹胀情况、舒适度以及生活质量评分。结果两组患者护理后心理状态均有所改善,且观察组改善情况较对照组更佳,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组无腹胀56例(38.4%),轻度腹胀51例(34.9%)、中度腹胀29例(19.9%)、重度腹胀10例(6.8%),对照组分别为18例(12.3%)、29例(19.9%)、51例(34.9%)、48例(32.9%),观察组总有效率(93.2%)显著高于对照组(67.1%)(P<0.05);观察组患者首次排便、排气时间比对照组短(P<0.05);观察组生活质量评分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论综合护理干预措施能有效提高妇科手术患者的术后肠道运动能力,促进胃肠蠕动,缩短排气时间,值得推广借鉴。     

细胞间黏附分子-1基因469K/E多态性与动脉粥样硬化血栓形成性脑卒中的相关性

目的 探讨细胞间粘附分子-1(ICAM-1)基因469K/E多态性与动脉粥样硬化血栓形成性脑卒中(AIS)的相关性.方法 对345例脑梗死患者采用多聚酶链反应分析ICAM-l基因469K/E多态性,并根据基因型分两组,即ICAM-1基因EE+KE型组(n=139)和KK型组(n=206),比较两组AIS发病率、脑血管病传统危险因素等指标的差异,以评价AIS的危险因素.结果 EE+KE型组AIS、糖尿病发病率明显高于KK型组(P＜0.01).采用多因素Logistic回归调整年龄、性别、吸烟、脑血管病家族史、总胆固醇、糖尿病后,EE+KE型组患AIS的风险是KK型组的3.64倍(P＜0.01).而在回归中引入高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)自变量后,EE+KE型患AIS的风险下降(OR=3.13,P=0.04),进一步引入高血压病自变量后,ICAM-1基因型与AIS间不再存在相关性(P=0.24).结论 ICAM-1基因EE+KE型是AIS的独立危险因素,其可能通过改变HDL-C和血压水平影响AIS发病.     

经腹部联合经阴道超声对特殊类型异位妊娠的诊断价值

目的探讨彩色多普勒超声对特殊类型异位妊娠的诊断价值。方法对2000~2014年深圳市龙岗中心医院收治的337例异位妊娠的临床资料进行回顾性分析,总结其声像图特征。结果 337例异位妊娠中,特殊类型异位妊娠46例,占13.6%。337例异位妊娠中输卵管妊娠的误诊率1.71%,确诊率98.29%;特殊类型异位妊娠误诊率23.91%,确诊率76.09%。两者的误诊率及确诊率相比有显著差异。结论特殊类型异位妊娠比较少见,对可疑病例应详细询问病史及结合血、尿HCG检查,经腹部合并经阴道超声检查探查,对特殊类型异位妊娠的早期诊断与鉴别诊断具有重要的临床价值。