术后早期MRI将高估无强化或轻微强化脑胶质瘤手术后的肿瘤残余

目的目前尚未建立胶质瘤切除术后无强化或轻微强化的肿瘤残余的诊断标准。本研究旨在采用T2WI/FLAIR序列测量和比较术后早期与晚期肿瘤残余的体积。方法回顾性分析了术前MRI增强扫描肿瘤无强化或轻微强化     

Pervasive developmental disorder behavior in adolescents with intellectual disability and co-occurring somatic chronic diseases

Evidence on the association between somatic chronic diseases in ID-adolescents and the full range of pervasive developmental disorder behavior (PDD behavior) is scarce. The aim of the present study is to assess the association between somatic chronic diseases in ID-adolescents and mild PDD behavior. We obtained data on 1044 ID-adolescents, aged 12–18, attending secondary schools in the Netherlands. Parents of the adolescents completed the Dutch version of the Children's Social Behavior Questionnaire (CSBQ) parent version, covering a wide range of PDD behavior, and questions about chronic diseases and background characteristics of their child. ID-adolescents with somatic chronic diseases showed more PDD behavior, in particular milder forms, than their peers without chronic diseases. In addition, ID-adolescents with somatic chronic diseases in combination with pervasive development disorders (PDD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) also showed more PDD behavior than their peers with only PDD/ADHD. Clinicians should be extra alert on PDD behavior, in particular the milder forms, in ID-adolescents when somatic chronic diseases are present. However, to strengthen our results about the relationship between somatic chronic diseases in ID-adolescents and PDD behavior studies are needed using both the CSBQ and standardized diagnostic instruments.     

Three children with congenital toxoplasmosis: early report from a Swedish prospective screening study

The aim of this prospective study was to define the incidence of congenital toxoplasmosis in Sweden. Blood eluates collected on filter papers, Guthrie cards, from 40978 newborn babies were analysed for specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG antitoxoplasma antibodies. This is a preliminary report of three children with congenital toxoplasmosis, defined by the occurrence of antitoxoplasma-specific IgM antibodies. Two children were asymptomatic at birth. They were both normally developed at the age of 12 and 15 months, respectively. The third child had unidentified but uncomplicated symptoms of infection in the neonatal period. As a result of the screening congenital toxoplasmosis was confirmed and treatment instituted. Microphthalmus and peripheral chorioretinitis were detected in one eye. In spite of the chemotherapeutic treatment he developed hydrocephalus needing neurosurgical intervention at the age of 3 months. His development at 14 months was normal. The incidence in Sweden of congenital toxoplasmosis detected by specific IgM antitoxoplasma antibodies in blood from filter papers is less than 1:10000.     

Usefulness of muscle denervation as an MRI sign of peripheral nerve pathology

Peripheral nerve disorders may be classified into compressive or entrapment neuropathies and non‐compressive neuropathies. Muscle denervation recognized on MRI may be a useful sign in the diagnosis of peripheral nerve disorders. Acute or subacute denervation results in prolonged T2 relaxation time, producing increased signal in skeletal muscle on short tau inversion‐recovery and fat‐suppressed T2‐weighted images. Chronic denervation produces fatty atrophy of skeletal muscles, resulting in increased muscle signal on T1‐weighted images. This review will outline and illustrate the various ways that muscle denervation as seen on MRI may assist in the diagnosis and localization of peripheral nerve disorders.     

A clinical study assessing the tolerability and biological effects of infliximab, a TNF-alpha inhibitor, in patients with advanced cancer

BACKGROUND: Tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) is an important regulator of the chronic inflammation contributing to tumour progression. Infliximab, an anti-TNF-alpha monoclonal antibody was investigated in this trial of patients with advanced cancer. The primary objectives were to determine the safety profile and biological response of infliximab in a cancer population. Clinical response was a secondary objective. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Forty-one patients received infliximab at 5 mg/kg (n = 21) or 10 mg/kg (n = 20) i.v. at 0 and 2 weeks and then every 4 weeks. Post-treatment samples were measured for changes in plasma and serum TNF-alpha, CCL2, IL-6 and C-reactive protein (CRP). RESULTS: Infliximab was well tolerated with no dose-limiting toxic effects. At both doses of infliximab, neutralisation of serum TNF-alpha was observed after 1 h while plasma CCL2, IL-6 and serum CRP were decreased 24 and 48 h following infliximab administration. Seven patients experienced disease stablisation (range 10-50+ weeks). There was no evidence of disease acceleration in any patient. CONCLUSIONS: Infliximab treatment was safe and well tolerated in patients with advanced cancer. There was evidence of biological activity with baseline TNF-alpha and CCL2 being correlated with infliximab response.     

用19个生化基因位点研究普通级Z:ZCLA长爪沙鼠的遗传多样性

实验动物资源是国家生命科学研究的重要科技资源。实验动物资源的共享和充分利用是生物科技创新的基础和保障。有效的共享机制和合理的共享方式是实现实验动物资源共享和充分利用的重要保障,是规范实验动物资源共享行为和确保共享安全的迫切需要。     

Randomized controlled trial of dexamethasone treatment in very-low-birth-weight infants with ventilator-dependent chronic lung disease

This randomized controlled trial was designed to answer the question: does administration of dexamethasone to neonates with bronchopulmonary dysplasia decrease the need for assisted ventilation? Twenty-five infants with a birth weight < 1501 g, requiring mechanical ventilation and FiO₂ of ± 0.30 at 21-35 days of age, were randomized to treatment with iv dexamethasone or to sham injections for 12 days. The primary outcome criterion was extubation within seven days after study entry. Treatment (n= 12) and control (n= 13) groups were well matched at entry. Dexamethasone facilitated weaning from assisted ventilation (p= 0.0154). There was no increased incidence of infection. Dexamethasone treatment resulted in a significant increase in glucosuria (p= 0.0002) and in systolic blood pressure (p= 0.0034). There was a significant decrease in heart rate (p= 0.0001) and a significant weight loss (p= 0.0002) following dexamethasone treatment. Dexamethasone treatment facilitated weaning from assisted ventilation but several systemic effects were noted that deserve further evaluation before dexamethasone becomes routine treatment.     

Effects of positive and negative pressure ventilation on cerebral blood volume of newborn infants

The effects of intermittent positive airway and continuous negative extrathoracic pressure ventilation on cerebral blood volume in preterm infants were studied using near infrared spectroscopy. In 12 infants continuous negative extrathoracic pressure caused a median decrease in cerebral blood volume of 0.14ml/100ml brain (95% confidence intervals (CI) 0.035–0.280) compared with no respiratory support. Oxygenated and deoxygenated haemoglobin also decreased, implying increased venous drainage as the main effect. In 17 infants intermittent positive pressure ventilation also caused a median reduction in cerebral blood volume of 0.06 ml/100 ml brain (95% CI 0.010–0.115) compared with endotracheal positive airway pressure. Deoxygenated haemoglobin increased by 0.07 ml/100 ml brain (95% CI 0.010–0.100) while oxygenated haemoglobin decreased by O.lOml/lOOml brain (95% CI 0.005–0.175). The increase in deoxygenated haemoglobin implies decreased venous drainage and the decrease in oxygenated haemoglobin implies that other factors may also be significant. Heart rate, blood pressure and oxygen saturation were monitored continuously and remained stable.     

Neighbourhood socioeconomic context and self reported health and smoking: a secondary analysis of data on seven cities

OBJECTIVE: Many studies have shown that poor health status and harmful health behaviour occur more frequently in deprived neighbourhoods. Most studies show modest associations between area level socioeconomic factors, the neighbourhood context, and health outcomes. However, estimates for the contextual effects vary. It is unclear if this variation is attributable to differences in methodology. This study examines whether contextual neighbourhood differences in health outcomes really vary between cities or that differences in methodology may account for these differences. DESIGN: Secondary analysis of data from health interview surveys in seven large Dutch cities in the 1990s comprising 23 269 residents of 484 neighbourhoods, using multilevel logistic models. SETTING: General population aged 16 and over. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Self reported health, smoking of cigarettes. MAIN RESULTS: The socioeconomic context of neighbourhoods is associated with health outcomes in all large Dutch cities. The strength of the association varies between cities, but variation is much smaller in the age group 25-64. Furthermore, neighbourhood differences vary in size between native and other residents. Contextual neighbourhood differences are about two times larger for self reported health than for the smoking of cigarettes, but for native Dutch people they are of similar size. CONCLUSIONS: A comparatively large improvement in health may be gained in deprived neighbourhoods, because of the poorer health status to which the context of these neighbourhoods also contributes. Health promoting interventions should be aimed at the residents and at the context of deprived neighbourhoods, taking differences between ethnic groups and age groups into account.