Evaluation of visfatin in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: Correlation with disease activity and lupus nephritis

IntroductionRenal involvement affects about 50% of SLE patients accounting for significant morbidity and mortality in these patients. The adipokine “visfatin” acting as a growth factor for B-lymphocyte-precursors, exerts several proinflammatory functions. It was demonstrated as a marker of endothelial dysfunction (ED) in chronic kidney disease (CKD) thus could be a factor linking inflammation in SLE and kidney disease.Aim of the workTo assess serum visfatin level in SLE patients and its correlation to disease activity and lupus nephritis (LN) in these patients.Patients and methodsSerum level of visfatin using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), chemical and immunological markers of SLE and LN were measured in 40 SLE patients and 40 age and sex matched healthy controls. Disease activity and renal involvement were assessed using SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) and Renal SLEDAI respectively further dividing patients into active versus inactive and LN versus non-LN respectively. Renal biopsies were taken from LN subgroup and were classified according to the modified WHO classification.ResultsA significantly higher serum visfatin level was found on comparing SLE patients (mean 109 ± 180 ng/ml, median18) with controls (mean 9.4 ± 11 ng/ml, median2.5) with statistically highly significant difference (z = 5.2, P < 0.001). Also there was a statistically significant difference as regards serum visfatin level between active SLE patients (mean 173 ± 111 ng/ml, median 14) and inactive patients (mean 139 ± 88 ng/ml, median 5) (z = 2.1, P < 0.05) as well as between patients with LN (mean 226 ± 180 ng/ml, median18) and patients with no LN (mean 101 ± 140 ng/ml, median 8(2-229)) (z = 2.1, P < 0.05). Visfatin had a highly significant positive correlation with disease duration (r = 0.48, P < 0.001), SLEDAI (r = 0.62, P < 0.001) as well as ESR, CRP and, renal score (r = 0.45, 0.35, and 0.65, respectively) while inverse correlation with estimated GFR (r = ?0.614) and C3 and C4 titre (r = ?0.26, r = ?0.35, respectively) was recorded. Visfatin showed high sensitivity in detecting active SLE and LN 83% and 85%, respectively.ConclusionSerum visfatin is strongly associated with LN in SLE patients and is a promising biomarker for prediction of renal involvement in these patients. It reflects SLE activity specially LN activity namely renal score and GFR decline. Further prospective studies are required to confirm visfatin as a destructive mediator of predictive and prognostic value in active lupus nephritis.     

A template free protocol for fabrication of a Ni(ii)-loaded magnetically separable nanoreactor scaffold for confined synthesis of unsymmetrical diaryl sulfides in water

In the present report, an environmentally benign magnetically recoverable nickel(ii)-based nanoreactor as a heterogeneous catalyst has been developed via a template free approach. The catalytic performance of the synthesized catalyst is assessed in the confined oxidative coupling of arenethiols with arylhydrazines to form unsymmetrical diaryl sulfides under aerobic conditions. The salient features of our protocol include oxidant- and ligand-free conditions, use of water as a green solvent, room temperature and formation of nitrogen and water as the only by-products. Moreover, a broad range of functional groups are tolerated well and provide the corresponding diaryl sulfides in moderate to good yields. Moreover, the heterogeneous nature of the catalyst permits facile magnetic recovery and reusability for up to seven runs, making the present protocol highly desirable from industrial and environmental standpoints.

An environmentally benign nickel(ii)-based magnetic nanoreactor has been developed for oxidative coupling of arenethiols with arylhydrazines to form unsymmetrical diaryl sulfides in water at room temperature.     

Comparison of Health Status and Quality of Life of Related Versus Paid Unrelated Living Kidney Donors

The aim of this cross‐sectional study was to assess the health status and quality of life (QOL) of paid unrelated versus related living kidney donors postdonation at Shiraz Transplant Center in Iran. We invited all donors (n = 580, 347 paid unrelated, 233 related) who underwent donor nephrectomy at our center from 2004 to 2010 to participate in a health survey and physical examination. Of 580 donors, 144 consented to participate; participation of paid unrelated donors was significantly lower than related (52/347 vs. 92/233; p < 0.001). Participants underwent a complete physical examination, QOL assessment (using a 36‐item short form health survey [SF‐36] questionnaire) and laboratory work‐up. The paid unrelated donors compared with related donors were younger (34.2 ± 7.2 vs. 40.7 ± 9.7 years, p < 0.001), had shorter time since donation (2.9 ± 1.6 vs. 3.8 ± 2 years, p = 0.004), had higher estimated GFR (72.6 ± 22 vs. 63.8 ± 15.3 mL/min/1.73 m², p = 0.006) and had a higher percentage of patients with microalbuminuria (35% vs. 0%, p < 0.001). Additionally, general health and social functioning scores among paid unrelated donors were significantly lower (p < 0.001 and p = 0.02, respectively) than related donors. Other SF‐36 scores, although lower in paid unrelated donors, did not reach statistical significance. Iranian paid unrelated donors have lower QOL and higher incidence of microalbuminuria compared with related donors.     

Poor predictive value of broad-range PCR for the detection of arthroplasty infection in 92 cases

Background The diagnosis of prosthetic infection remains a challenge, as no test is 100% sensitive and 100% specific Recent advances in molecular biology have enabled the detection of infection in culture negative cases.

Patients and methods We evaluated the effectiveness of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in detecting infection in failed joint replacements prospectively in 91 consecutive patients (92 prosthetic joints) undergoing revision total hip or knee arthroplasty. Synovial fluid was collected intraoperatively and examined by broad-range PCR assay for detection of bacterial DNA. The clinical diagnosis of infection was based on the results of blood tests, preoperative joint aspiration, culture and histology of multiple intraoperative tissue samples, as well as the surgeon's assessment.

12 joints (13%) were infected, but the PCR was positive in 32 cases. The sensitivity of the technique was 92%, the specificity 74%, the accuracy 76%, the positive predictive value 34%, and the negative predictive value was 98%.

Interpretation The PCR technique cannot be recommended for the routine detection of prosthetic infection. The large number of false positive results may represent sample contamination, or bacterial presence related to low-virulence organisms, low bacterial load, or a strong host immune response.     

Progression of choroid plexus papilloma

Choroid plexus papillomas are rare neoplasms that arise from choroid plexus epithelium. The World Health Organization classification describes three histological grades. Grade I is choroid plexus papilloma, grade II is atypical choroid plexus papilloma and grade III is choroid plexus carcinoma. Progression between grades is rare but documented. We present two adult cases, a 53-year-old female and a 70-year-old male, who demonstrated clear interval histological progression from grade I choroid plexus papilloma to higher grades.