应用IOL-Master对大学生近视眼屈光成分的生物学测量研究

目的:应用IOL-Master测量大学生近视眼的眼轴长度(AL),水平、垂直角膜屈光力(K1,K2),前房深度(ACD)及角膜直径,探讨大学生近视眼各屈光成分值与屈光度的关系以及大学生近视眼的主要成因。方法:大学生近视患者1059例2118眼,经电脑验光按等效屈光度分为三组:A组低度近视<-3.00D(738眼),B组中度近视-3.00～-6.00D(989眼),C组高度近视>-6.00D(391眼)。采用光学相干生物测量仪(Zeiss,IOL-Master)测量其AL,K1,K2,ACD及角膜直径,计算眼轴长度与角膜曲率的比值AL/CR,数据采用SPSS18.0统计分析。结果:随着近视屈光度的增加,眼轴长度明显增加,两者之间存在显著相关性(P<0.01),且各组间具有显著差异性(P<0.01);K1在A组与B组间差异无显著性(P>0.05),K2在各组间具有差异性(P<0.05),但K1和K2仅与中度近视的屈光度存在相关性(P<0.05);各组AL与K1、K2呈负相关,且有显著统计学意义(P<0.01);ACD在B组与C组间差异无显著性(P>0.05),低度近视的屈光度与ACD存在显著相关性(P<0.01);角膜直径在各组间无显著性差异(P>0.05),且与屈光度无相关性(P>0.05);AL/CR比值3.183±0.132,近视屈光度与AL/CR比值呈负相关(r=-0.761,P=0.000)。结论:轴性近视是大学生近视的主要类型。大学生中度近视是眼轴与角膜屈光力共同作用所致;ACD对大学生近视屈光度影响较小;角膜直径对大学生近视屈光度无影响。     

家庭康复对脑卒中患者ADL能力的影响

目的探讨家庭康复治疗对脑卒中患者日常生活能力（activities of dailyliving,ADL）的影响。方法对吉林市中心医院5年间收治的177例脑卒中患者提供指导性家庭康复治疗方法,并进行跟踪观察,日常生活能力采用Barthel指数（MBI）评定,肢体运动功能采用Fugl-Meyer（FMA）积分评定。结果家庭康复治疗对177例脑卒中患者均有效,FMA评分和MBI评分均较治疗前提高（P〈0．05）,而病史时间的长短对其ADL能力改善影响不大（P〉0．05）;但年龄因素对其改善有一定影响（P〈0．05）。结论家庭康复治疗,对不同时期的偏瘫患者在提高日常生活能力方面有着显著性作用,但随着年龄增加,其生活质量改善作用渐差。     

脑肿瘤术后患者出院时症状与延续护理需求的调查与分析

目的 探讨脑肿瘤术后患者出院时的症状及患者对延续护理的需求.方法 选取2017年9月至2019年2月间中国医学科学院北京协和医学院肿瘤医院收治的行脑肿瘤手术的155例患者,采用中文版安德森脑肿瘤症状调查表进行症状调查,用自制延续护理需求问卷对患者出院后延续护理需求进行调查.结果 脑肿瘤术后患者出院时存在症状较多,前五项...     

中外高校教师发展中心的比较分析及启示

高校教师发展中心作为高校教学质量保障体系的要素,最初起源于20世纪60年代的美国,其侧重于教师教学能力的发展。20世纪90年代,美国高校教师发展中心建设进入快速发展时期,逐渐成为高等教育教学改革的重要促进机制。中国的高校教师发展中心起步虽较晚,但在教育部的推动下自2012年开始逐步发展,建立了比较成熟的高校教师发展制度。为了进一步完善高校教师发展中心的建设,本文通过文献检索对近20年国内外高校教师发展中心的整体情况进行分析,总结归纳其运行机制,比较国内外高校的教师发展中心的建设情况,并提出高校教师发展中心的建设思路,为未来高校教师发展中心的建设提供理论基础。     

Protective Effects of HemoHIM on Immune and Hematopoietic Systems Against γ‐Irradiation

We examined the effect of HemoHIM on the protective efficacy of hematopoietic stem cells and on the recovery of immune cells against sublethal doses of ionizing radiation. Two‐month‐old mice were exposed to γ‐rays at a dose of 8, 6.5, or 5 Gy for a30‐day survival study, endogenous spleen colony formation, or other experiments, respectively. HemoHIM was injected intraperitoneally before and after irradiation. Our results showed that HemoHIM significantly decreased the mortality of sublethally irradiated mice. The HemoHIM administration decreased the apoptosis of bone marrow cells in irradiated mice. On the other hand, HemoHIM increased the formation of endogenous spleen colony in irradiated mice. In irradiated mice, the recovery of total leukocytes in the peripheral blood and lymphocytes in the spleen were enhanced significantly by HemoHIM. Moreover, the function of B cells, T cells, and NK cells regenerated in irradiated mice were significantly improved by the administration of HemoHIM. HemoHIM showed an ideal radioprotector for protecting hematopoietic stem cells and for accelerating the recovery of immune cells. We propose HemoHIM as a beneficial supplement drug during radiotherapy to alleviate adverse radiation‐induced effects for cancer patients. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

兔VX2食管癌模型的建立及生物学特性观察

目的:建立兔VX2食管癌移植瘤模型,探讨其成瘤率、生长特性及转移情况,为进一步研究食管癌及寻找有效治疗方法提供平台.方法:将兔VX2肿瘤剪碎至1 mm3左右的组织块,通过外科手术将肿瘤块植入腹段食管黏膜下层,于接种后第1、2及3周分别行食管造影和CT扫描检查,观察肿瘤生长情况.3周后,处死兔子取标本行病理学检测.结果:12只兔子除2只死于手术并发症外(胃穿孔及误缝食管所致的梗阻),其余10只接种后1周,未见肿瘤生长;2周后食管造影显示食管下段充盈缺损.CT扫描示食管下段走行区局限性管壁增厚,有明显软组织肿块影,平均最大径为1.04 cm (0.7～1.5 cm);3周后兔子消瘦明显,食管造影示食管下段黏膜破坏,充盈缺损明显,4只兔子出现食管穿孔.CT扫描示食管下段软组织肿块影明显增大,平均最大径为2.28 cm (1.7～4.3 cm).瘤体及淋巴结病理检查证实,成瘤及淋巴结转移成功率为100%.结论:采用兔VX2瘤块移植法可成功建立食管癌移植模型,且具有周期短,成瘤率高,生长迅速等特点.     

Incidence of respiratory disorders in neonates born between 34 and 36 weeks of gestation following exposure to antenatal corticosteroids between 24 and 34 weeks of gestation

We studied the effect of antenatal corticosteroids on the incidence of respiratory disorders in singleton neonates born between 34 and 36 weeks of gestation. Retrospective analysis was conducted of the incidence of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and other respiratory disorders (need for mechanical ventilation, continuous positive airway pressure, and prolonged oxygen therapy) among singleton neonates delivered between 34 and 36 weeks of gestation who were exposed to antenatal corticosteroids, compared with neonates who were not exposed. Statistical analyses included two-tailed T tests, two-way analysis of variance for continuous data, and chi-square analysis for ratios. A probability of 0.05 was considered significant. Between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2004, 1078 neonates were born between 34 and 36 weeks of gestation. Information regarding antenatal corticosteroids was available in 1044: 574 neonates (53.2%) were exposed to antenatal corticosteroids and 470 (43.6%) were not. One thousand and eighteen neonates were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit. Respiratory disorders were diagnosed in 140 of those exposed to antenatal steroids (24.4%) and in 382 of the nonexposed (81.3%) ( P < 0.0001). Two hundred and ten neonates (20.6%) developed RDS: Of those, 43 were exposed to antenatal corticosteroids and 167 were not (incidence of RDS was 7.5% and 35.5%, respectively; P = 0.0001). The beneficial effects of corticosteroids were similar in both genders. It appears that the exposure of singleton pregnancies to antenatal corticosteroids between 24 and 34 weeks of gestation is associated with a significantly lower incidence of respiratory disorders among neonates born at 34 to 36 weeks of gestation. Further studies are needed to determine whether administering antenatal steroids to women experiencing preterm labor after 34 weeks of gestation would be associated with a similar beneficial effect.     

苦参碱诱导MDS细胞株SKM-1凋亡作用的研究

目的:研究苦参碱诱导骨髓增生异常综合征细胞株SKM-1的凋亡作用及其机制。方法:采用WST-1法检测不同浓度的苦参碱对SKM-1细胞生长的抑制作用;应用流式细胞术检测早期凋亡细胞以及线粒体跨膜电位的变化;用分光光度法检测caspase-9活性。结果:0.25～2.0mg/ml苦参碱对SKM-1细胞有生长抑制作用,与对照组相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);苦参碱处理48小时后,细胞凋亡率明显增加,并呈剂量依赖性(P<0.05);1.0mg/ml苦参碱处理后48小时内,细胞线粒体跨膜电位逐渐降低,caspase-9活性逐渐升高,呈时间依赖性(P<0.01)。结论:苦参碱可能通过降低细胞线粒体跨膜电位、激活caspase-9而诱导SKM-1细胞早期凋亡。