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991.
目的 建立金葡菌氨基糖苷类抗生素耐药基因的多重PCR快速检测体系,了解耐药基因acc(6')-Ie+aph(2″)、aph(3')-Ⅲat ant(4')-Ia在广州地区的流行分布.方法 采用VITEK-60或PHOENIX-100微生物自动鉴定系统鉴定菌株及药敏试验,利用琼脂扩散法检测4种氨基糖苷类抗生素的耐药表型.通过优化PCR体系建立多重PCR并应用于检测金葡菌氨基糖苷类抗生素耐药基因.结果 构建了四重PCR快速检测体系, 124株金葡菌临床分离株中,acc(6')-Ie+aph(2″)、aph(3')-Ⅲa和ant(4') -Ia的检出率分别为62.1%、32.3%和1.6%;所有庆大霉素、奈替米星以及阿米卡星耐药的金葡菌菌株均检测到上述3个耐药基因中的1个或1个以上基因;74株mecA阳性菌株中72株(97.3%)检测到acc(6')-Ie+aph(2″) 基因.结论 所构建的多重PCR检测体系为临床实验室提供快速而有效的菌株耐药基因检测手段.编码AAC(6')-APH(2″)双功能酶的acc(6')-Ie+aph(2″) 基因是金葡菌最重要的氨基糖苷类抗生素耐药基因,其次为aph(3')-Ⅲa,ant(4')-Ia则少见.  相似文献   
992.
目的了解护士对职业防护相关的医院安全氛围的认知现状,为医院相关部门制定减少职业暴露相关措施提供参考。方法采用自行设计的护士基本资料调查问卷和医院安全氛围量表对长沙市3家三级甲等综合医院697名护士进行问卷调查。结果护士对医院安全氛围认知总分为(104.31±12.04)分,处于中等水平。各维度条目均分按降序排列依次为:培训教育(3.72±0.48)分,沟通(3.69±0.37)分,防护设备(3.68±0.57)分,工作环境(3.65±0.56)分,管理者态度(3.25±0.67)分。不同医院、年龄、护龄及医院感染知识培训情况的护士,对安全氛围认知得分差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论护士对医院安全氛围认知处于中等水平,医院管理者应重视营造安全文化的态度,改善工作环境,提供充足的人力资源与防护设备,加强职业防护相关知识培训,从而提高护士对医院安全氛围的认知水平,减少职业暴露发生。  相似文献   
993.

Purpose

Induction immunosuppression therapy is used to support optimal outcomes in kidney transplantation. This study was to assess the cost-effectiveness of rabbit antithymocyte globulin (r-ATG) versus ATG-Fresenius (ATG-F) in kidney transplantation in the Chinese setting from the perspective of the health care payer.

Methods

A 2-part survival model was developed, consisting of a short-term part and a long-term part. The short-term part analyzed the first year, using the decision tree, and consisted of the functioning transplant, acute rejection (AR), delayed graft function (DGF), dialysis, and death health states. The long-term part analyzed 2 to 5 years, using Markov model, and consisted of the functioning transplant, chronic dysfunction, recurring primary disease, dialysis, and death health states, with capture of the association between DGF and graft loss. Costs, including drug acquisition and other direct medical costs, were derived from China IQVIA database (formerly known as IMS) hospitaldatabase, chart review, and physician interviews. Clinical outcomes and utility were retrieved from published literature. The model calculated quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) and total costs per patient. Costs and QALYs were discounted at an annual rate of 3.5%. Univariate sensitivity analysis and probability sensitivity analysis (PSA) were conducted to assess the impact of uncertainty of the variables on the results.

Findings

Patients who received r-ATG had more clinical effectiveness than patients who received ATG-F mainly because of less AR, DGF, and dialysis. The incremental QALY was 0.01 over a 1-year time horizon and 0.0496 over a 5-year time horizon. R-ATG and ATG-F drug costs were ¥10,783 and ¥8409, respectively. However, the total treatment costs of the r-ATG arm were lower than the ATG-F arm because of lower costs related to DGF, AR, dialysis, and adverse events. In total, r-ATG saved ¥5423 over the 1-year and ¥7042 over the 5-year time horizon. R-ATG was dominant with lower total direct medical costs and higher QALYs compared with ATG-F. Both univariate sensitivity analysis and PSA found the robustness of the model results. PSA results indicated that r-ATG was cost-effective compared with ATG-F in 86.81% of the simulations, considering <3 times the gross domestic product per capita as the threshold.

Implications

From the perspective of the health care payer, r-ATG should be considered as the preferred treatment agent for induction therapy for Chinese patients undergoing kidney transplantation because of its lower overall medical costs and greater QALYs gained compared with ATG-F. The study was limited by lack of long-term efficacy data among the Chinese population and lack of comprehensive real-world higher quality costs data.  相似文献   
994.

Purpose

Monotherapy with either aspirin or clopidogrel is recommended for long-term use after discontinuation of dual-antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) for acute coronary syndrome (ACS) management after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The present study is to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of clopidogrel versus aspirin after 12-month DAPT for patients with ACS who underwent PCI in China.

Methods

A 2-part model was developed to estimate the cost-effectiveness of clopidogrel compared with aspirin. The short-term part was a decision tree that included health states such as myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, MI and stroke, cardiovascular death, and death from other causes with a treatment horizon of 1 year (base case), 2 years or 3 years after 12-month DAPT. Major bleeding was included. The long-term (lifetime) part was a Markov model that included different health states such as MI, after MI, stroke, after stroke, and death. Drug acquisition cost and other direct medical costs were based on pricing records, literature, and expert panels. Clinical outcomes and utilities were based on literature. The model output included incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) and total costs per patient. Both 1-way sensitivity analysis and probabilistic sensitivity analysis (PSA) were conducted.

Findings

In the base–case scenario, the total costs of the treatment with clopidogrel and aspirin were ¥12,590 ($1849/€1590) and ¥10,642 ($1563/€1344), respectively; the total QALYs of the 2 patient populations were 9.7341 and 9.6894, respectively. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of ¥43,593 ($6402/€5515) per QALY gained was lower than 3 times of gross domestic product (GDP) per capita in China (¥161,940, $23,786/€20,449). Both 1-way sensitivity analysis and PSA confirmed the robustness of the results. PSA results indicated that clopidogrel was cost effective versus aspirin in 80.5% of the simulations, considering >3 times the GDP per capita as the threshold. Results in other scenarios (clopidogrel or aspirin for 2 or 3 years after 12-month DAPT) also indicated that clopidogrel was more cost effective than aspirin for patients with ACS after 12-month DAPT.

Implications

Compared with aspirin monotherapy, clopidogrel monotherapy for 1 year after 12-month DAPT was cost effective for patients with ACS who underwent PCI in China. Furthermore, when the duration of clopidogrel the monotherapy extended up to 3 years, clopidogrel was still cost effective compared with aspirin. The study was limited by lack of high-quality efficacy data among the Chinese population.  相似文献   
995.
目的探讨小儿肺炎支原体肺炎临床特征、影响病情程度的因素,为小儿肺炎支原体肺炎临床早期诊断和病情程度评估提供依据。方法收集2016年3月~2018年3月医院儿科收治的156例肺炎支原体肺炎患儿的临床资料,记录患儿性别、年龄、临床特征、感染疾病类型、影像学表现、实验室检查等,根据小儿肺炎支原体肺炎重症标准和患儿病情程度分为小儿肺炎支原体肺炎重症组(62例)和小儿肺炎支原体肺炎轻症组(94例),对结果进行相关分析。结果156例支原体肺炎患儿中,年龄最小2月,最大14岁;142例发热患儿中,以不规则热或弛张热为主,其中以高热或超高热常见,103例患儿热程为1~7 d,39例患儿热程为8~14 d;咳嗽106例,多为阵咳及干咳;98例患儿查体闻及细湿啰音;148例患儿胸片检查示胸部有炎症表现。实验室检查情况比较,重症组患儿与轻症组在红细胞沉降率、白细胞介素6、C反应蛋白、降钙素原的差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。红细胞沉降率、白细胞介素6、C反应蛋白、降钙素原是小儿支原体肺炎病情加重的独立危险因素。结论小儿支原体肺炎以发热、咳嗽为主要临床表现,存在过度炎症反应,红细胞沉降率、白细胞介素6、C反应蛋白及降钙素原的升高程度是疾病加重的危险因素,可为临床预防及治疗提供参考。  相似文献   
996.
滑膜肉瘤误诊研究   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
目的:分析滑膜肉瘤临床特征及误诊原因,减少误诊,方法:对15例滑膜肉瘤患进行回顾性研究,分析其发病年龄,部位,病史特点,X线表现及病理特点,总结误诊原因,结果:从发病到最后确诊时间平均20个月,本院术前误诊40%,多误诊为其他软组织肿瘤或关节炎,结论:临床表现的非特异性及临床医生对本病知识的不足是造成滑膜肉瘤的主要原因,提高认识,仔细综合分析病情是减少误诊的关键。  相似文献   
997.
目的:观察川芎嗪治疗不稳定性心绞痛的临床疗效和其对血清C-反应蛋白水平的影响。方法:64例不稳定性心绞痛住院病人随机分为对照组和治疗组。对照组给予常规治疗,治疗组在常规治疗基础上给予川芎嗪静滴,疗程为10天。结果:总有效率治疗组为93.75%,对照组为68.74%;治疗后心肌缺血总负荷治疗组为15.3±3.78(mm·min),对照组为23.89±5.38(mm·min),两组比较差异有显著性(P<0.01)。治疗前后比较,治疗组C-反应蛋白水平显著下降(P<0.01),而对照组则无明显变化(P>0.05)。结论:川芎嗪能有效地治疗不稳定性心绞痛,可能还有控制血管壁炎症,稳定冠脉粥样斑块的作用。  相似文献   
998.
目的了解再生障碍性贫血、急性淋巴细胞白血病及髓系白血病患者EB病毒(EBV)和人巨细胞病毒(HCMV)核酸检测阳性率与其年龄的关系。方法收集中国人民解放军海军总医院2012年1月至2013年12月骨髓穿刺后临床确诊为再生障碍性贫血、急性淋巴细胞白血病及髓系白血病患者为研究对象,采用达安基因核酸检测试剂盒对EBV和HCMV核酸进行检测,分析EBV和HCMV感染阳性率与患者年龄的关系。结果 EBV和HCMV在3种血液病中核酸检测阳性率不同,HCMV核酸检测阳性检出率(15.8%)低于EBV(43.7%)。再生障碍性贫血和髓系白血病患者中,不同年龄患者EBV核酸检测阳性率比较差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论对于儿童再生障碍性贫血病和髓系白血病患者应更加重视EBV和HCMV核酸的监测。  相似文献   
999.
胆石症患者不同术式后生存质量调查   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
目的 了解不同术式对胆石症患者生存质量的影响.方法 采用消化病生存质量指数(GLQI)测定253例采用不同术式治疗的胆石症患者术后生存质量值.结果 253例胆石症患者术后GLQI指数平均分为114.3分.明显低于正常人群124.5分,(P<0.01).保胆术后患者GLQI指数为117.6分,胆囊切除性手术患者术后GLQI指数为10.7分,两者之间差异有显著性(P<0.01);开腹胆囊切除术患者术后GLQI指数为110.9分,腹腔镜胆囊切除术患者术后GLQI指数为110.2分,两者之间比较差异无显著性(P>0.05).结论 保胆手术术后患者生存质量明显高于胆囊切除性手术患者,切除胆囊能使患者的生存质量明显下降.  相似文献   
1000.
目的:探讨急诊腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)时行术中胆道造影对胆总管结石的诊断价值,了解IOC在急诊LC时的可行性和安全性。方法:37例术前B超或CT未发现胆总管结石的急性胆囊炎病例行LC,均行经胆囊管胆道造影。结果:35例胆道造影成功,发现3例胆总管结石病例,分别为4mm、3mm、3mm大小,于术后行内镜取石成功。该组病例中无胆道损伤,发生1例与胆道造影无关的轻微胆漏。结论:急性胆囊炎行LC时,并发隐匿性胆管结石的情况值得重视,IOC在急诊LC时对胆管结石的诊断是安全可行的。  相似文献   
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