在生物化学教学中培养医学生的科研创新能力

在教学过程中潜移默化培养医学生的科研创新能力，是实践新时代医学教育改革新理念的有益探索。生物化学是医学生的重要专业基础课程之一，探讨在生物化学教学过程中通过多种教学方法培养学生对科研的兴趣，同时，结合科研新进展，开拓学生的视野，培养学生的创新思维，提高医学生科研创新能力的思路。     

Characterization of two pigeon paramyxovirus type 1 isolates in China

For over three decades, there has been a continuing panzootic caused by a virulent variant avian paramyxovirus type 1 strain, the so-called pigeon paramyxovirus type 1. It is found primarily in racing pigeons, but it has also spread to wild birds and poultry. In this study, two pigeon paramyxovirus type 1 strains, SD12 and BJ13, obtained from diseased pigeons in China, were characterized. Phylogenetic analysis based on complete sequences allowed characterization of both strains as genotype VI, class II. Further phylogenetic analysis of a 374-nucleotide section of the fusion gene showed that SD12 fell into lineage VIbii-d and BJ13 into VIbii-f. The deduced amino acid sequence of the cleavage site of the fusion protein confirmed that both isolates contained the virulent motif ¹¹²K/RRQKR↓F¹¹⁷ at the cleavage site. Nevertheless, the values of intracerebral pathogenicity indices showed the SD12 isolate to be a velogenic strain and BJ13 isolate to be a mesogenic strain. The SD12 isolate was further investigated via clinical observation, RNA detection, histopathology and viral serology in experimentally infected 3-week-old chickens. It showed a mild pathological phenotype in chickens, with viral replication restricted to a few tissues. The molecular mechanism for the SD12 isolate to have a virulent motif but low levels of virulence for chickens requires further study.     

Neuronal protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B hinders sensory-motor functional recovery and causes affective disorders in two different focal ischemic stroke models

Ischemic brain injury causes neuronal death and inflammation. Inflammation activates protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B). Here, we tested the significance of PTP1B activation in glutamatergic projection neurons on functional recovery in two models of stroke: by photothrombosis, focal ischemic lesions were induced in the sensorimotor cortex (SM stroke) or in the peri-prefrontal cortex (peri-PFC stroke). Elevated PTP1B expression was detected at 4 days and up to 6 weeks after stroke. While ablation of PTP1B in neurons of neuronal knockout (NKO) mice had no effect on the volume or resorption of ischemic lesions, markedly different effects on functional recovery were observed. SM stroke caused severe sensory and motor deficits (adhesive removal test) in wild type and NKO mice at 4 days, but NKO mice showed drastically improved sensory and motor functional recovery at 8 days. In addition, peri-PFC stroke caused anxiety-like behaviors (elevated plus maze and open field tests), and depression-like behaviors (forced swimming and tail suspension tests) in wild type mice 9 and 28 days after stroke, respectively, with minimal effect on sensory and motor function. Peri-PFC stroke-induced affective disorders were associated with fewer active (FosB⁺) neurons in the PFC and nucleus accumbens but more FosB⁺ neurons in the basolateral amygdala, compared to sham-operated mice. In contrast, mice with neuronal ablation of PTP1B were protected from anxiety-like and depression-like behaviors and showed no change in FosB⁺ neurons after peri-PFC stroke. Taken together, our study identifies neuronal PTP1B as a key component that hinders sensory and motor functional recovery and also contributes to the development of anxiety-like and depression-like behaviors after stroke. Thus, PTP1B may represent a novel therapeutic target to improve stroke recovery. All procedures for animal use were approved by the Animal Care and Use Committee of the University of Ottawa Animal Care and Veterinary Service (protocol 1806) on July 27, 2018.Key Words: adhesive removal test, anxiety, depression, elevated plus maze, forced swimming test, Iba1, interleukin-1β, microglia, open field test, tail suspension test, tumor necrosis factor-α

Chinese Library Classification No. R453; R741; R364.5     

血小板第4因子对放射损伤小鼠骨髓基质细胞周期的影响

目的探讨血小板第4因子（platelet factor 4,PF4）对5.0 Gy γ射线全身照射小鼠的骨髓基质细胞（bone marrow stromal cells,BMSCs）的保护作用,进一步探讨PF4对造血的辐射防护机制.方法30只雄性小鼠随机分为3组：①放射组,②PF4保护组,③对照组.小鼠照射前分别于26和20 h腹腔内注射PF4,每次剂量50 μg/kg.于照射后3 d取骨髓细胞体外培养,分别计数培养后3、7和14 d的骨髓基质细胞集落（CFU-F）;在培养后10 d流式细胞仪检测细胞周期.结果3组中,照射组3 d的CFU-F数量与PF4保护组差异无统计学意义,7和14 d的CFU-F数量PF4保护组较照射组明显增加.流式细胞仪检测结果表明3组中照射组G0＋G1期细胞明显高于其余两组,S,G2＋M期细胞明显低于其余两组.结论PF4对照射小鼠的骨髓基质细胞有保护作用,促进造血重建.     

经输尿管导管逆行肾盂灌注凝血酶治疗大鼠肾穿刺后肾出血

建立肾穿刺术后持续性肉眼血尿的动物模型.经输尿管导管逆行肾盂灌注凝血酶,观察其止血效果,对肾功能及凝血功能的影响,并探讨最佳止血效果的凝血酶剂量.     

急性脑梗死血清C-反应蛋白的临床分析

目的观察急性脑梗死患者血清CRP在发病中的作用及临床意义。方法采用免疫比浊法对60例急性脑梗死患者的血清CRP水平进行动态观察（病程第1．7及14天），并与45例健康人进行比较。结果急性脑梗死患者血清CRP从病程第1天即升高（P〈0．01），至第7天达高峰，以后降低；重型患者明显高于轻、中型患者。结论血清CRP可能在急性脑梗死的发生、发展中起一定作用，并与病情严重程度呈正相关。     

全程分期式健康教育对Miles术后患者生活质量的影响

目的探讨全程分期式健康教育对Miles术患者生活质量的影响.方法将80例行Miles术的直肠癌患者随机分为观察组与对照组各40例.观察组采用全程分期式健康教育,对照组采用传统的手术前后宣教.两组均在出院前,出院后1、3、6个月发放Miles术患者生活质量问卷,在出院前发放护理工作满意度调查表进行调查.结果观察组出院前自理能力、造口情况、心理状况及护理工作满意度显著优于对照组(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),出院时间显著缩短(P＜0.05);出院后观察组自理能力、造口情况等及生活质量总分均显著优于对照组(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).结论全程分期式健康教育能有效提高Miles术患者的近期和远期生活质量.     

运用直观教学法提高学生对知识的感知

课堂讲授是高校班级授课的基本形式,在课堂讲授中起主导作用,占重要地位[1]。近年来随着高等护理教育的发展,越来越多的临床护士担任起了本科护理系的临床教学任务。而临床护士非专业教师,在教学过程中需要掌握一些教学方法与技巧,才能提高课堂讲授质量。心理学研究表明,直观是     

前置胎盘孕妇恐惧心理观察及护理

目的观察前置胎盘孕妇的恐惧心理反应，做好前置胎盘孕妇的心理护理。方法由孕妇自行填写CES-D和SA2量表，进行统计学分析。结果70．2％的前置胎盘孕妇具有恐惧心理。结论在妊娠过程应提高孕妇认知水平，加强心理护理，有助于她们顺利渡过妊娠期。