A novel mutation of LIM2 causes autosomal dominant membranous cataract in a Chinese family

AIM: To determine the prevalence and associations of non-retinopathy ocular conditions among older Australian adults with diabetes. METHODS: Multistage random-cluster sampling was used to select 3098 non-indigenous Australians aged 50y or older (46.4% male) and 1738 indigenous Australians aged 40y or older (41.1% male) from all levels of geographic remoteness in Australia. Participants underwent a standardised questionnaire to ascertain diabetes history, and a clinical examination to identify eye disease. We determined the prevalence of uncorrected refractive error, visually significant cataract, cataract surgery, age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma, ocular hypertension, retinal vein occlusion and epiretinal membrane among those with and without self-reported diabetes. RESULTS: Participants with self-reported diabetes had a higher prevalence of cataract surgery than those without diabetes (28.8% vs 16.9%, OR 1.78, 95%CI: 1.35-2.34 among non-indigenous Australians, and 11.3% vs 5.2%, OR 1.62, 95%CI: 1.22-2.14 among indigenous Australians). Diabetic retinopathy (DR) increased the odds of cataract surgery among self-reported diabetic indigenous and non-indigenous Australians (OR 1.89, P=0.004 and OR 2.33, P<0.001 respectively). Having diabetes for ≥20y and having vision-threatening DR increased the odds of cataract surgery among indigenous Australians with diabetes (OR 3.73, P=0.001 and 7.58, P<0.001, respectively). CONCLUSION: Most non-retinopathy ocular conditions are not associated with self-reported diabetes. However, to account for Australia’s worsening diabetes epidemic, interventions to reduce the impact of diabetes-related blindness should include increased cataract surgery services.     

新生儿重症监护室患儿肠道内定植的大肠埃希菌和肠球菌耐药分析

目的 了解新生儿重症监护室（NICU）患儿肠道菌定植和耐药情况,为临床用药及合理治疗提供依据。方法 2014年5月至2015年5月对北京妇幼保健院NICU新生儿采集的572份粪便样本进行肠道菌分离培养,采用VITEK-2系统进行菌株鉴定和抗生素敏感性检测,并对耐药情况进行统计分析。结果 分离得到328株大肠埃希菌和243株肠球菌。选取的199株大肠埃希菌对亚胺培南、厄他培南、阿米卡星、呋喃妥因较敏感（耐药率为0.50%~3.52%）;对氨苄西林、四环素、复方甲基异恶唑、头孢唑啉耐药率较高（耐药率为54.27%~84.92%）,未发现对美罗培南耐药菌株;产ESBL的菌株占45%;多重耐药情况统计结果显示对4类抗生素耐药性的菌株数量最多（34.6%）;有3株大肠埃希菌对7类抗生素表现耐药性。肠球菌对链阳霉素、呋喃妥因、链霉素较敏感（耐药率为0.41%~4.53%）;对氨苄西林、青霉素、环丙沙星、四环素、庆大霉素、红霉素耐药率较高（耐药率为70.78%~91.77%）,未发现对替加环素、万古霉素、利奈唑胺耐药的肠球菌;多重耐药情况统计结果显示,对5类抗生素表现耐药性的菌株数量最多（86.5%）。结论 NICU新生儿肠道定植的大肠埃希菌和肠球菌对抗生素耐药情况较严重,呈现多重耐药性,临床用药应结合药敏实验结果,合理选择抗菌药物。     

胃溃疡穿孔修补术在基层医院的应用再探讨

目的探讨胃溃疡穿孔修补术在基层医院的应用。方法回顾性分析我院外科2006年1月—2011年12月47例胃溃疡穿孔行修补术患者的临床资料。结果 47例均进行了穿孔修补术,其中45例行电话和门诊检查随访,随访时间为6个月~36个月,无1例发生癌变。结论在基层医院单纯修补术仍是胃溃疡穿孔的主要手术方法,但是必须严格掌握手术指征,彻底性手术仍不能摒弃,临床医师要权衡利弊选择最佳治疗方案,并严格执行随访制度。     

Is Isolated Systolic Hypertension Worse Than Combined Systolic/Diastolic Hypertension?

J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2012;14:808–809. ©2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. New developments in cardiovascular translational sciences have significantly advanced our understanding of the endovascular biology of blood pressure. Reductions in vascular elasticity and vessel compliance of conduit arteries are key components of both ISH and SDH. Vascular changes from the matrix metalloproteinase family of enzymes are involved in arterial wall remodeling and vascular stiffness. This new translational information helps further our understanding of both ISH and SDH.     

舱外航天服视野设计中的虚拟视域仿真建模

目的探讨一种用于舱外航天服视野设计和分析的虚拟视域仿真建模方法。方法利用Solidworks软件建立三维人体模型,在对软件进行二次开发的基础上,充分利用软件提供的聚光源特性,建立了模拟人眼视锥及人眼运动的仿真算法,从而在Solidworks软件中实现人穿着舱外服后的虚拟视域仿真分析。结果将所建立的模型用于舱外服视野分析,其结果与人-服试验过程视野工效测试结果相一致。结论该模型可应用于舱外航天服设计过程中,对于其它具有工效要求的产品设计具有参考意义。     

人体低氧心血管代偿水平的个体差异

目的:本文从低氧心血管代偿的角度,结合症状学表现,探讨人体低氧循环功能代偿水平的个体差异。方法:选择160名成年健康男性高原移居者为受试对象,对象分别均移居2 260m,4 850m和5 200m高原6个月。应用XG-II型血疑循环功能测试仪观测其心搏指数(SI),心脏指数(CI),有效血容量(BV),总外周阻力(TRP)和平均动脉压(MAP)。并记录高原反应常见的症状,分别以无(0),轻(1),中(2),重(3)等程度分组。在此基础上又分为适应不良群体和适应良好群体,观察其低氧症状学表现。结果:对于低氧反应程度来说,体验循环功能水平差异与症状学判定有较高的吻合率。症状学表现方面,适应良好群体的每搏量,外周阻力无明显改变(P>0.05),有效血容量和心输出量显著增加(P<0.01)。而适应不良群体的每搏量明显减少(P<0.05),心输出量增加,但与适应良好的群体(P<0.01)比较代偿水平偏低,外周阻力明显增加(P<0.05)。结论:用症状学判定方法划分的两类不同的低氧反应程度模式,各自具有不同的循环功能代偿水平。人体高原低氧适应能力可能具有适应类型特点,其实质有待进一步探讨。     

Tiny cystine stones in the gallbladder of a patient with cholecystolithiasis complicating acute cholecystitis: a case report

Cystine stones, the main component of which is cystine, are very common urinary calculi, but are rare in the gall bladder. In animals, there has been only one report of cystine gallstones in tree shrews, and to our knowledge, this is the first report of cystine gallstones in humans.     

Effect of statins use on the prevention of venous thromboembolism： a meta-analysis

ObjectiveTo estimate the effect of statins use on the prevention of venous thromboembolism (VTE).MethodsWe systematically searched MEDLINE (1980-June 2012), EMBASE (1980-June 2012), Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, and ISI Web of Science, manually reviewed references, and contacted experts. Case-control studies and cohort studies that compared any dose of statin with no statin or placebo are included. Data extraction and study quality evaluation were independently conducted in duplicate.Results12 studies including four cohort studies and eight case-control studies were identified and eligible for meta-analysis. Upon meta-analysis, statin use was associated with a statistically significant reduction in the odds of developing VTE (OR 0.91, 95% CI 0.86–0.96).ConclusionThis meta-analysis of current and available literature suggests that statins can reduce patient's risk of developing VTE. Due to the limitations of observational study, this conclusion should be considered with caution, and additionally, specifical well-designed trials are needed.