Cosolvency of Dimethyl Isosorbide for Steroid Solubility

Dimethyl isosorbide (DMI), which is currently under investigation for its potential use as a pharmaceutical vehicle and drug permeation enhancer, is a water-miscible liquid with relatively low viscosity. The solubilization behavior of DMI as a cosolvent for nonpolar drugs was characterized via dielectric constant measurements of binary solvent systems containing DMI and either water, propylene glycol (PG), or polyethylene glycol (PEG). Evidence from the dielectric constant profiles and NMR studies suggest that DMI undergoes complexation with water and PG, but not with PEG, through hydrogen bonding interactions. The solvent complexation exhibited a major effect on the solubilities of prednisone, dexamethasone, and prednisolone in the mixed solvent systems. Maximum solubility of each drug was found to occur near a DMI/water or DMI/PG concentration ratio of 1:2. In the DMI–PEG mixed system, while there is no apparent interaction between DMI and PEG molecules, the solubility of prednisone was found to increase with decreasing dielectric constant.     

赤芍总苷对沙土鼠全脑缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

OBJECTIVE: To study the protective effects of the total paeony glycoside (TPG) against global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in gerbils. METHODS: Gerbils models of global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury were prepared by bilateral common carotid artery ligation for 12 min followed by 24-hour reperfusion. The effects of TGP on brain edema index, superoxide dismatase (SOD) activity and malonaldehyde (MDA) concentration of the cerebral tissue homogenate and pathology of the brain were examined 24 h after model establishment. RESULTS: Compared with the model group, TPG at the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg could significantly relieve brain edema, enhance SOD activity and lower MDA concentration in the gerbils. Pathological examination showed that the gerbils with TPG treatment had milder injury of the cells in the hippocampal CA1 region. CONCLUSIONS: TPG has obvious protective effects against global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.     

Differences in SLE disease activity between patients of Caucasian and South‐East Asian/Chinese background in an Australian hospital

Aim: We performed a semiprospective and retrospective review of all admissions to a single institution of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients, admitted due to active disease. The aim was to describe differences in disease activity as a cause of hospital admissions between patients originating from South‐East Asia/China (SAC) and Caucasians. Method: There were 210 patients admitted for active disease, with a total of 567 admissions for active SLE over a 16‐year period. Allowing for patients who had left our database, there was a total of 3415 patient years of observation. Results: Patients from SAC with a flare requiring admission presented earlier in their disease course and with more active disease than did Caucasians (median SLE Disease Activity Index 13 vs. 8, P= 0.002). They had longer inpatient stays (7 vs. 5 days P = 0.03). There was a trend to higher rates of re‐presentation to hospital for flare (59% in SAC patients vs. 41% in Caucasians, P = 0.09) with more subsequent admissions (3 vs. 2 P = 0.06) despite a shorter period of observation. Conclusions: South‐East Asian/Chinese were more likely to be diagnosed with class III/IV glomerulonephritis and require cyclophosphamide both at presentation and subsequent admissions. More patients from SAC were readmitted to hospital for severe central nervous system disease after their first hospital admission. In this population, lupus patients had more severe flares and more frequently required admission for these than Caucasians.     

Clusterin expression in cutaneous CD30-positive lymphoproliferative disorders and their histologic simulants

Background:  Clusterin is a ubiquitous 80 kDa heterodimeric glycoprotein previously shown to be expressed on tumor cells of systemic and, to a lesser extent, primary cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma (PC-ALCL). Lymphomatoid papulosis (LyP), an important differential diagnosis of ALCL, has been studied for clusterin expression in only a small number of cases. The aim of this study was to compare clusterin immunostaining patterns in LyP and other cutaneous histologic simulants with those of PC-ALCL.
Methods:  Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections of PC-ALCL (6), LyP (20), mycosis fungoides with large cell transformation (MF-LCT, 12), pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta (PLEVA, 12), arthropod bite reaction (ABR, 12) and lymphomatoid reactions (LR, 9) were immunostained for clusterin and evaluated for staining pattern and distribution. All diagnoses were made with clinicopathologic correlation.
Results:  Characteristic dot-like Golgi staining was identified in 10/20 LyP (50%), 4/6 PC-ALCL (67%) and 9/12 MF-LCT (75%). Two of 12 PLEVA (17%), 1 of 12 ABR (8%) and 2 of 8 LR (25%) had lymphocytes (< 25%) with diffuse cytoplasmic staining. Dermal dendritic cells stained strongly for clusterin. High background staining occurred in some cases.
Conclusion:  Clusterin immunostaining does not reliably distinguish between LyP, PC-ALCL or MF-LCT, but could distinguish LyP from its reactive histologic simulants.     

外用红花油引起皮肤过敏2例

例 1 .患者男 ,33岁 ,于 2 0 0 2年 1 1月因患腰肌纤维组织炎来我科治疗。我们采用外涂红花油并配合神灯照射 ,灯距 30 cm,照射 30 min,每日 1次。首次治疗结束后 ,患者述其治疗部位有痒感。查看皮肤为暗红色 ,并有红色血疹出现。次日 ,全身再行治疗后 ,上述症状加重 ,痒甚。停用红花油改为神灯照射 ,3次后过敏症状消失痊愈。例 2 .患者女 ,35岁 ,于 2 0 0 1年 8月因左脚背烫伤 ,即自涂红花油于患处 ,约 2 h后 ,涂红花油处皮肤呈深红色 ,并出现米粒样红色丘疹 ,瘙痒。为止痒 ,患者再次自行涂红花油于患处 ,约 1 h后局部出现烧灼感 ,奇痒 ,红…     

Recurrent acalculous cholecystitis and sclerosing cholangitis in a patient with X-linked hyper-immunoglobulin M syndrome.

X-linked hyper-immunoglobulin M (IgM) syndrome (XHIGM) is a rare genetic primary immunodeficiency disease caused by mutations of the CD40 ligand (CD40L) gene with normal or elevated levels of IgM and markedly decreased serum IgG, IgA, and IgE. Liver disease may occur as a clinical manifestation in XHIGM. This complication appears to increase with age. We report an 18-year-old male patient who had recurrent episodes of acalculous cholecystitis (AC) and sclerosing cholangitis (SC). The diagnosis of XHIGM was confirmed by the finding of CD40L expression < 1% of normal and a tyrosine 169 asparaginase (t526a) mutation in exon 5 (the tumor necrosis factor domain) of the CD40L gene. The patient had direct hyperbilirubinemia (direct bilirubin 5.5 mg/dL, total bilirubin 8.7 mg/dL), cholestasis (alkaline phosphatase 1133 U/L, gamma-glutamyl transferase 1019 U/L) and elevated transaminases (aspartate aminotransferase 70 U/L, alanine aminotransferase 101 U/L). Findings on abdominal ultrasound and abdominal computed tomography were compatible with AC. After the fourth episode of cholecystitis, cholecystectomy and liver biopsy were performed. Operative cholangiography revealed poor opacification of the hepatic duct and proximal common bile duct; the upstream intrahepatic bile ducts were not visualized. The biopsy specimen showed marked fibrosis of the portal areas. Enterococcus species was cultured from the bile. Children or adolescents with recurrent AC and SC should be evaluated for an underlying immunodeficiency syndrome such as XHIGM.     

Elimination of malignant clonogenic cells from human bone marrow using multiple myeloid cell-specific monoclonal antibodies and complement.

Single or combined monoclonal antibodies (McAbs) Zh53, Zh820, and Zh2-1 have been used to eliminate malignant clonogenic cells from human bone marrow. The test of cytotoxicity showed that all of these McAbs could express high specific cytotoxic action against HL-60 cells and were selectively complement-dependent cytotoxic to various types of fresh leukemic cells. Clonogenic assay detected that single treatment with antibody and rabbit complement (RC) could reduce clonogenic units of HL-60 cells by more than 2 logs and two treatments reduced clonogenic units by more than 4 logs. However, combination of 2 McAbs could reduce clonogenic units by 4-5 logs. The data suggest that multiple treatments with McAbs and RC or a combination of 2 McAbs are more effective than a single treatment in eliminating clonogenic tumor cells. Treatment of normal human bone marrow with Zh53, Zh2-1 and RC did not produce a loss of normal CFU-GM, but treatment with Zh820 reduced the clonic units of normal CFU-GM by 24%.

     

灯盏花素注射液对大鼠脑缺血-再灌注脑损害的凋亡抑制作用

目的:研究灯盏花素(Bre)对大鼠脑缺血-再灌注引起脑损伤的保护作用。方法:实验选用40只雄性Wistar大鼠,大鼠被随机分成5组:假手术组、对照组、硫酸镁(Mg-SO4)治疗组、灯盏花素治疗和组。自大鼠颈总动脉插入尼龙线栓栓塞大脑中动脉,造成大脑缺血,拔出线栓实现再灌注。脑缺血10min后给予75mg/kg和50mg/kgBre及30mg/kgMgSO4,分别于脑缺血1h,再灌注2h,5h和23h分别进行神经病学评分,并于脑缺血1h,再灌注23h时测定脑梗死面积,用TUNEL法和免疫组化法分别检测脑组织凋亡细胞和Caspase-3阳性细胞的变化。结果:灯盏花素降低脑缺血-再灌注大鼠神经病学评分,缩小脑梗死面积,降低脑组织凋亡细胞和Caspase-3阳性细胞数量,其作用强于硫酸镁。结论:灯盏花素通过抑制细胞凋亡可显著保护大脑缺血-再灌注引起的脑损伤,其作用优于单用硫酸镁。     

三维立体培养法诱导去分化软骨细胞Ⅱ型胶原的重新表达

目的用藻酸盐三维立体培养法及离心管聚集体诱导培养法促进去分化的永生化软骨细胞第50代(IHACs50)重新表达软骨细胞的Ⅱ型胶原标志性表型。方法利用藻酸盐三维立体培养法以及离心管聚集体诱导培养法分别诱导培养去分化的永生化人关节软骨细胞第50代,然后用Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ型胶原的免疫组织化学染色、Ⅱ型胶原的逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)检测、激光共聚焦显微镜检测、胶原定量检测该永生化软骨细胞的Ⅱ型胶原表型表达情况。结果免疫组织化学染色、激光共聚焦显微镜检测、RT-PCR检测分别提示藻酸盐三维立体培养法和离心管聚集体诱导培养法使去分化永生化人关节软骨细胞的Ⅱ型胶原染色阳性以及621 bp的Ⅱ型胶原mR- NA表达,Western blot和3H-脯氨酸标记SDS-PAGEⅡ型胶原定量检测发现前者促进Ⅱ型胶原分泌较后者多。结论去分化永生化人关节软骨细胞可以经不同的诱导方法而重新表达Ⅱ型胶原表型,藻酸盐三维立体培养法因与软骨细胞的生理环境相似,故促进Ⅱ型胶原重新表达较多。     

中药内外并用抗尖锐湿疣复发的临床研究

目的：观察中药消疣丸/消疣擦剂内服外用防止尖锐湿疣复发的作用.方法：应用免疫学方法，检测患者治疗前后外周血T淋巴细胞亚群CD3、CD4、CD8的百分率和CD4/CD8的比值.结果：局部消除疣体后中药消疣丸/消疣擦剂内服外用对防止尖锐湿疣复发有显著疗效，痊愈率为99.66%，复发率为3.33%，与对照组相比有显著差异（P〈0.05）.结论：中药内服外用抗尖锐湿疣复发效果好。