酶联免疫吸附试验中影响全自动加样系统加样准确性的因素分析

目的探讨酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)中使用不同容量加样针和分液高度,对全自动加样系统加样准确度和精密度的影响。方法选取10μL和100μL两种加样量,每种加样量分4个小组进行实验,分别使用不同容量(400μL和800μL)的加样针和不同分液高度(浸润和未浸润)加样,计算每组的最终加样量、均值相对误差(E)和变异系数(CV),与实际工作标准进行比较。结果10μL加样E在-37.9%~-2.8%,CV在3.29%~14.49%;100μL加样E在-1.9%~0.8%,CV在0.44%~0.95%。结论不同容量加样针和分液高度对10μL加样影响较为明显,对100μL加样影响较小,在使用全自动加样系统进行ELISA时,应当选择适当容量的加样针和分液高度。     

Plasma lipoproteins in visceral leishmaniasis and their effect on Leishmania‐infected macrophages

This work aimed at investigating the lipid profile of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis (VL) patients’ sera and the effect of lipoproteins on the in vitro production of tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), interleukin (IL)‐6, IL‐10 and IL‐12 by Leishmania infantum‐infected and uninfected macrophages. Lipids were quantified in 26 VL patients’ sera and 26 healthy controls from a VL endemic area. The patients’ sera had higher triglyceride and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) levels, and much lower apolipoprotein A1, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL) and high density lipoprotein (HDL) levels than the control sera. Lipoprotein fractions were obtained by ultracentrifugation of sera. The addition of LDL and HDL to Leishmania‐infected and uninfected macrophages, in physiological concentrations, enhanced the production of IL‐6 and IL‐10, but not of IL‐12. LDL stimulated the production of TNF‐α only in infected macrophages, whereas HDL stimulated the production of lower amounts of TNF‐α in both infected and uninfected macrophages. VLDL stimulated only the production of IL‐10. It is proposed herein that LDL may influence the development of VL by promoting the production of TNF‐α by infected macrophages. A decrease in plasma LDL in some VL patients (to 20 mg/mL or less); however, would tend to reduce the production of TNF‐α and therefore to limit the development of immune‐mediated pathology, not withstanding the fact that it would perhaps increase the permissiveness of macrophages to Leishmania growth.     

Continuous 24 hour intragastric pH monitoring: focus on reproducibility in duodenal ulcer patients. A preliminary report

Continuous 24 h intragastric pH monitoring is increasingly recommended for deciding which is the most appropriate regimen and dosage of new gastric antisecretory drugs. In order to assess its reproducibility, we have repeated the test twice on consecutive days in six patients with endoscopically proven duodenal ulcers because this type of patient seems to be the most suitable for studies on the efficacy of the above mentioned therapy. No patient received medication during the two examination days. Our data showed there was no significant difference (t = 0.31, p = 0.76) between the 24 h areas under the curve of pH profiles of the first day compared with those of the second (mean +/- SD : 3.152 +/- 681 vs 3.073 +/- 1,122). The lack of significant difference (p = 0.20) between the mean times elapsed at the various pH levels during the first and second days was further proof of the reproducibility of the method. As wells these results suggest that day-to-day reproducibility of the technique is good in duodenal ulcer patients. Therefore, its repeated use on the same patient to investigate the effects of various drugs and their different dosages on gastric acidity appears to be reliable.     

大连市英那河水库库区污染源清理及效果

目的探讨水库库区污染源清理的方法和效果.方法于2002年对大连市英那河水库库区的猪圈、牲口圈、厕所、院坑、坟墓等污染源清理后,计算污染源面积,采集清理后未消毒的土壤样品,用生石灰或漂白粉消毒后的土壤样品.按照GB 7959-1987<粪便无害化卫生标准>进行评价.结果每座牲口圈、猪圈、厕所、禽舍、院坑、坟墓的污染源面积分别为77.4、74.2、31.7、32.1、36.3、158.5 m2.选用生石灰和漂白粉进行消毒.猪圈污染源清理后未消毒和清理清理后消毒的土壤样品大肠埃希菌值、蠕虫卵合格率分别为85.94%和90.31%,96.88%和99.38%.消毒前后的土壤样品大肠埃希菌值合格率(x2=11.58,P＜0.005)、蠕虫卵合格率(P＜0.005)差异均有统计学意义.库区各类污染源清理后消毒的土壤样品大肠埃希菌值(95.78%)和蠕虫卵合格率(99.85%)接近库区山坡荒地土壤对照样品(大肠埃希菌值和蠕虫卵合格率均为100%).结论库区污染源采取清理与药物消毒联合应用,能够保障污染源清理达到清洁土壤的卫生指标.     

TRAIL is a key target in S-phase slowing-dependent apoptosis induced by interferon-beta in cervical carcinoma cells

Interferon (IFN)-beta induces S-phase slowing and apoptosis in human papilloma virus (HPV)-positive cervical carcinoma cell line ME-180. Here, we show that apoptosis is a consequence of the S-phase lengthening imposed by IFN-beta, demonstrating the functional correlation between S-phase alteration and apoptosis induction. In ME-180 cells, where p53 function is inhibited by HPV E6 oncoprotein, IFN-beta effects on cell cycle and apoptosis occur independently of p53. The apoptosis due to IFN-beta is mediated by the tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) in a manner dependent on the S-phase deregulation. IFN-beta appears to increase TRAIL expression both directly at the mRNA level and indirectly by augmenting surface protein levels as a consequence of the induced S-phase cell accumulation. Moreover, the alteration of the S-phase due to IFN-beta promotes TRAIL-dependent apoptosis by potentiating cell sensitivity to TRAIL, possibly through induction of a proapoptotic NF-kappaB activity and TRAIL-R2 receptor expression. Interestingly, IFN-beta-induced TRAIL-dependent apoptotic events strongly differ in the requirement of caspase activity. These results show that IFN-beta may induce an apoptotic response by deregulating cell cycle. Understanding the linkage between these mechanisms appears to be of primary importance in the search for new IFN-based therapeutic strategies to circumvent cancer disease or improve clinical outcome.     

天津地区胃癌危险因素病例-对照研究

目的从天津地区胃癌发病的危险因素方面探讨胃癌的发病机制,旨在为胃癌的病因学研究和防治工作提供线索和依据。方法对天津地区100例胃镜检查或手术后,经病理检查确诊为胃癌患者为病例组,并以同期胃镜诊断为慢性浅表性胃炎和慢性萎缩性胃炎患者109例作为对照组,均通过统一制表进行相关因素的问卷调查,专人登记。对调查结果进行了Logistic回归分析,以确定饮食、情绪、生活习惯等危险因素与胃癌发生的关系。结果嗜酒和有恶性肿瘤家族史均会很大程度上增加患胃癌的危险性,嗜酒（酒精量〉40g／d）患胃癌的OR值是2．448（95％CI：1．157～5．182）,直系亲属患恶性肿瘤发生胃癌的OR值是3．469（95％CI：1．392～8．644）。结论嗜酒和有恶性肿瘤家族史均会很大程度上增加患胃癌的危险程度。     

西藏那曲冬虫夏草无形型的研究

目的 :分离鉴定西藏那曲冬虫夏草无性型真菌。方法 :采用子囊孢子、织、僵虫、体液分离的方法从巴青、索县、比如 3县分离冬虫夏草无性型菌株。结果 :采用 4种方法获得了性状特证与中国被毛孢相同的无性型菌株。结论 :中国被毛孢是西藏那曲冬虫夏草的无性型。     

青藏铁路那曲段草场鼠类群落结构调查

目的为预防害鼠随青藏铁路出入西藏自治区（西藏）,并造成对西藏和内地的危害,防止鼠疫等鼠传疾病随铁路流行,对青藏铁路沿线那曲段草场鼠类群落组成及密度进行调查。方法在青藏铁路沿线的那曲、安多县和附近的班戈、聂荣、比如及嘉黎县草场,安多县河川草地及那曲县香茂乡青藏铁路护坡和农舍采用夹日法调查。结果草场共收回有效夹1828夹,捕鼠145只,另53只鼠残体,捕获率为10．83％,其中捕获鼠2种,加上河川草地捕获鼠2种,及观察到鼠1种,草场以高原鼠兔为优势种,另有少量的长尾仓鼠、白尾松田鼠和喜马拉雅旱獭;铁路护坡捕获高原鼠兔1种,另有1只鼠残体;农舍布放有效夹286夹,捕鼠20只,在青藏铁路沿线的农舍以小家鼠和白尾松田鼠为主要害鼠。草场捕获率以7月那曲县为最高,达30．32％。结论青藏铁路那曲段草场以高原鼠兔为优势种,青藏铁路沿线的那曲县香茂乡农舍以小家鼠为优势种;未发现褐家鼠和黄胸鼠分布,但需要加强监控;鼠密度高的地方需要治理。     

TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) as a pro-apoptotic signal transducer with cancer therapeutic potential

The powerful inducer of apoptosis Apo2L/TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) has generated exciting promise as a potential tumour specific cancer therapeutic agent, since it selectively induces apoptosis in transformed versus normal cells. Interferons (IFNs) are important modulators of TRAIL expression, thus the ligand appears to play an important role in surveillance against viral infection and malignant transformation. In the light of the emerging importance of TRAIL in cancer therapy, we will discuss the molecular basis of the cooperation of TRAIL and IFNs or chemotherapeutic drugs. In particular, we will focus on the data known to date concerning the biochemical pathways leading to TRAIL-induced apoptosis in specific cancer cells and warranting further work to enable the investigation in cancer patients.