阿糖胞苷纳米粒的制备及其释药规律研究

采用乳化聚合法制备阿糖胞苷纳米粒，研究其体内外释药特性。结果表明阿糖胞苷纳米粒体外释药规律符合双指数方程，有明显的缓释作用。在家兔体内的药物动力学过程符合二室模型，与阿糖胞苷注射剂相比，t1／2β和MRT延长，CL降低，表明阿糖胞苷纳米粒可显著延长阿糖胞苷在体内存留时间，具有明显的缓释特征。     

Functional CD4+T cell subsets defined by expression of CD45RC and NTA260 antigens and age-associated polarization in murine lupus

Using two mAb, one specific to the alternative exon 6-dependentepitope of CD45 molecules(JH6.2) and one a natural thymocytotoxicautoantibody (NTA) with an unknown reactive epitope (NTA260),we subdivided splenic CD4⁺ T cells from 2-month-old BALB/c miceinto five phenotypically distinct subsets. CD45RC⁺NTA260^–(SI) cells were phenotypically analogous to CD4⁺ T cells predominatingin newborn mice and produced a significant amount of IL-2, butnot so IL-4, IL-10 or IFN- when stimulated with immobilizedanti-CD3 mAb in vitro. They appeared to consist mainly of naiveT_hP cells. The CD45RC⁺;NTA260⁺ (S II) subset also produced IL-2,but not other cytokines; however, the IL-2 levels produced weremuch higher than seen with the S I subset, thereby suggestingthe predominance of further maturated T_hP cells. The D45RC^–NTA260⁺(S III) subset mainly produced IL-4, IL-10, IFN- and less IL-2,and contained memory cells that helped the secondary antibodyresponse to a recall antigen, and hence contained T_h2 and probablya mixture of T_h0 and T_h1 cells. The CD45RC^–NTA260^–(S IV) subset was a poor responder to the immobilized anti-CD3mAb. The CD45RC^brightNTA260^dull(S V) subset consisted of a smallnumber of cells that were phenotypically analogous to activatedCD4⁺ T cells. While an age-associated decrease in the proportionof S I and less markedly in S II and in turn increase in S IIIsubsets of CD4⁺ T cells occurred in normal BALB/c mice, autoimmunedisease-prone (NZBxNZW)F₁ mice showed a marked age-associateddecrease in the proportion of not only S I, II but also IIIsubsets. As aged (NZBxNZW)F₁ mice carry CD4⁺ T helper cellsfor IgG anti-DNA antibody production, such age-associated polarizationto the S IV subset appears to be critical in the pathogeneslsof autoimmune disease in these mice.     

Power spectral analysis of the electroencephalographic and hemodynamic correlates of propofol anesthesia in the rat: Intravenous infusion

Based on the tail-flick response to noxious thermal stimuli, we determined in the present study that effective antinociception could be achieved in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats 15 min after intravenous infusion of propofol at 60 mg/kg/h. Simultaneous power spectral analysis of the electroencephalographic (EEG) and systemic arterial pressure signals further revealed a concomitant depression of the activity of all EEG frequency bands (δ, θ, , β), alongside hypotension, negative inotropic and chronotropic actions, and attenuated baroreceptor reflex and vasomotor activity. These effects were congruent with a plasma concentration of propofol in the arterial blood of 1.70 ± 0.13 μg/ml, as determined by high-performance liquid chromatography.     

An immunohistochemical study of bone morphogenetic protein in pleomorphic adenoma of the salivary gland

Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) is a potent induction factor for new bone formation including heterotopic chondro-ossification in soft tissues. The immunohistochemical reaction for BMP was studied in 23 cases of pleomorphic adenoma of salivary gland by using a monoclonal antibody produced by hybridoma technique. Positive BMP immunoreactivity was seen in 87% of tumours. Immunohistochemical expression of BMP was observed in modified myoepithelial cells (88% cases), luminal tumour cells of tubulo-ductal structures (78% cases) and chondroid cells in hyaline tissue (22% cases). The authors concluded that the simultaneous presence of glycosaminoglycans as matrix substance and S-100 protein for calcium signalling are associated with BMP-mediated cellular activity of modified myoepithelial cells in the formation of chondroid structures in pleomorphic adenomas of the salivary glands.     

The skin,tongue, and brain as favorable organs for hog cholera diagnosis by immunofluorescence

Summary Hog cholera virus antigens were found densely distributed in skin and tongue of pigs experimentally infected with hog cholera virus. The finding described here warrants the usage of ear biopsies for hog cholera diagnosis on a herd basis.     

Synectin/syndecan-4 regulate coronary arteriolar growth during development.

Syndecan-4 and its cytoplasmic binding partner, synectin, are known to play a role in FGF-2 signaling and vascular growth. To determine their roles in coronary artery/arteriolar formation and growth, we compared syndecan-4 and synectin null mice with their wild-type counterparts. Image analysis of arterioles visualized by smooth muscle alpha-actin immunostaining revealed that synectin (-/-) mice had lower arteriolar length and volume densities than wild-type mice. As shown by electron microscopic analysis, arterioles from the two did not differ in morphology, including their endothelial cell junctions, and the organization and distribution of smooth muscle. Using micro-computer tomography, we found that the size and branching patterns of coronary arteries (diameters > 50 microm) were similar for the two groups, a finding that indicates that the growth of arteries is not influenced by a loss of synectin. Syndecan-4 null male mice also had lower arteriolar length densities than their gender wild-type controls. However, female syndecan-4 null mice were characterized by higher arteriolar length and volume densities than their gender-matched wild-type controls. Thus, we conclude that both synectin and syndecan-4 play a role in arteriolar development, a finding that is consistent with previous evidence that FGF-2 plays a role in coronary arterial growth. Moreover, our data reveal that gender influences the arteriolar growth response to syndecan-4 but not to synectin.     

OGTT、IRT和CPRT联检在DM2诊治中的价值

目的：评价口服葡萄糖耐量试验（OGTT）、胰岛素释放试验（IRT）和C-肽释放试验（CPRT）联合应用在糖尿病（DM）诊断和治疗中的价值。方法：选用已进行上述三种试验的217例受检者资料进行回顾性分析。结果：①在可疑DM人群中，未诊断、未治疗的DM2病人占69％（49／71），其中空腹血糖（FPG）正常者占53％（26／49）。②以2hPG筛查DM，只有8％（4／49）的病人可能会漏诊。③糖尿病治疗达到控制标准者占24％（35／146）。结论：OGTT、IRT和CPRT联合应用可提高诊断准确性，降低漏诊率，并能够指导临床治疗。     

Argonaute蛋白家族在RNAi中的作用

RNA干扰是一种双链RNA诱导的基因沉默现象。Argonaute蛋白组成了一个高度保守的家族,该蛋白家族包括许多成员,它们组成了RNA诱导的沉默复合体的核心元件,是RNA干扰所必须的。Argo-naute蛋白选择性地与miRNA和siRNA结合,并与Dicer酶相互作用,其PIWI盒子与Dicer的RNaseⅢ结构域直接相互作用,PIWI与Dicer之间的相互作用可能会促进miRNA/siRNA的释放。Argonaute蛋白很可能是RNA干扰中核酸内切酶活性的执行者。     

Genetic epidemiological study of keratoconus: evidence for major gene determination

Keratoconus (KC) is a noninflammatory corneal thinning disorder and the major cause of cornea transplantation in the Western world. Genetic factors have been suggested in the cause of KC. We conducted a family study to investigate genetic contributions to the development of KC by evaluating familial aggregation and testing genetic models with segregation analysis. KC was diagnosed based on clinical criteria. Familial aggregation of KC was evaluated using both clinical status and three videokeratography indices generated by the Topographic Modeling System (TMS-1). The estimated KC prevalence in first-degree relatives was 3.34% (41/1,226, 95% CI: 3. 22-3.46%), which is 15 to 67 times higher than that in the general population (0.23-0.05%). For all three videokeratography indices, CK, IS, and KISA, KC propositi had significantly higher mean values than controls (all P < 0.0001). Clinically unaffected parents also had significantly higher values for these indices than controls (all P < 0.016). The correlation of KISA in sib and parent-offspring pairs (r = 0.30 and 0.22, respectively, both P < 0.0005) was significantly greater than that in marital pairs (r = 0.14), and the latter was not significantly different from zero. We performed segregation analysis on KISA in 95 families ascertained through KC propositi. Hypotheses of both sporadic and environmental models were rejected (P < 0.001); a major gene model was not rejected (P > 0.1). Additionally, the most parsimonious model was autosomal recessive. In conclusion, we observed strong evidence of familial aggregation in KC and its subclinical indices and this aggregation is likely due to a major gene effect.     

幽门螺杆菌对胎儿胃粘膜上皮细胞的粘附用研究

实验选用６至７个月龄的脑儿胃粘膜组织进行有关幽门螺杆菌（Ｈｐ）的粘附部位及菌株间粘附能力差异的研究，发现ＣＡＰＭＤ３２株与ＮＣＴＣ１１６３７株的粘附部位相似，Ｈｐ对胃窦及胃体下部粘膜组织具有很强的粘附能力，而对胃体上部及胃底部粘膜组织的粘附能力很差或不能粘附；而ＣＡＰＭ Ｚ－４株则对胃体、胃窦及胃底部粘膜上皮组织均表现出很强的粘附能力；表明Ｈｐ的粘附存在明显的部位特异性，不同Ｈｐ菌株间在粘附同一胎儿胃粘膜组织时表现出明显的差异，Ｈｐ与胃粘膜上皮细胞间的粘附过程比较复杂，至少包括两种类型，参与Ｈｐ粘附的粘附素和相应受体不止一种。结果提示Ｈｐ相关性慢性胃炎的好发部位及严重程度除与人胃粘膜组织不同部位细菌粘附受体的表达存在明显的差异外，还决定于Ｈｐ的粘附素的种类和粘附特性。不但首次在机体和细菌两个方面揭示了Ｈｐ相关性慢性胃炎的发病规律，也为进一步开展该菌疫苗的研制、开展对Ｈｐ感染及其相关疾病的防治提供了重要线索。