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11.
Antibiotics are frequently used in dental practice. Clinical and bacteriological epidemiological factors determine the indications of antibiotics in dentistry. Antibiotics are used in addition to appropriate treatment to aid the host defences in the elimination of remaining bacteria. It is indicated when there is evidence of clinical sign involvement and spread of infection. Antibiotics are prescribed in dental practice for treating odontoge nic infections, non-odontogenic infections, as prophylaxis against focal and local infection. Special care needs to be addressed to patients with organ transplants, poorly controlled diabetes and pregnancy. Antibiotics should be used only as an adjunct to dental treatment and never alone as the first line of care. The present paper reviews the indications of antibiotics in dental practice. 相似文献
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Vijayalakshmi Subramaniam Adarsha Herle TV Navisha Mohammed Muhammad Thahir 《Revista brasileira de otorrinolaringologia (English ed.)》2011,77(5):559-562
More than a century ago, Ortner described a case of cardiovocal syndrome wherein he attributed a case of left vocal fold immobility to compression of the recurrent laryngeal nerve by a dilated left atrium in a patient with mitral valve stenosis. Since then, the term Ortner's syndrome has come to encompass any nonmalignant, cardiac, intrathoracic process that results in embarrassment of either recurrent laryngeal nerve-usually by stretching, pulling, or compression; and causes vocal fold paralysis. Not surprisingly, the left recurrent laryngeal nerve, with its longer course around the aortic arch, is more frequently involved than the right nerve, which passes around the subclavian artery.ObjectivesTo discuss the pathogenesis of hoarseness resulting from cardiovascular disorders involving the recurrent laryngeal nerve along with the findings of literature review.Materials and methodsThis paper reports a series of four cases of Ortner's syndrome occurring due to different causes.DesignCase study.ResultOrtner's syndrome could be a cause of hoarseness of voice in patients with cardiovascular diseases.ConclusionAlthough hoarseness of voice is frequently encountered in the Otolaryngology outpatient department, cardiovascular- related hoarseness is an unusual presentation. Indirect laryngoscopy should be routinely performed in all cases of heart disease. 相似文献
14.
J. Binko TV Murphy H. Majewski 《Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology》1998,25(2):120-127
1. It has been suggested that oestrogen-produced vasodilatation is due to induction of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS), but there are many reports of direct effects on vascular smooth muscle. In the present study, these processes were investigated in rat aorta isolated from ovariectomized rats. 2. Short-term treatment (10min) with 17β-oestradiol (10 μmol/L) produced a small attenuation of the phenylephrine (PE)-induced constriction, which was unaffected by the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor l-N 5(-1-iminoethyl)ornithine (NIO; 100μmol/L). Long-term treatment (6h) with 17β-oestradiol (10 μmol/L) did not affect acetylcholine-mediated vasorelaxation in endothelium-intact aortic rings, but did attenuate PE-induced constriction. This attenuation was also observed in endotheliumdenuded preparations after 17β-oestradiol (10 μmol/L for 6h) and was far greater than the acute effect of 17β-oestradiol (10 μmol/L). 3. The attenuation produced by 17β-oestradiol (10 μmol/L for 6 h) was significantly inhibited by concomitant treatment with cycloheximide (1 μmol/L), suggesting that protein synthesis was involved. NIO (100 μmol/L) also attenuated the effect, which suggests that the anti-constrictor effect of 17β-oestradiol occurs through the increased production of nitric oxide (NO). 17β-Oestradiol increased NO production, as assessed by the conversion of [3H]-arginine to [3H]-citrulline in rat aorta. These effects were prevented by cycloheximide and NIO. The anti-constrictor effect of oestrogen was blocked by the oestrogen receptor antagonist ICI 182780 (100nmol/L). 4. Western blotting using an antibody specific for inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS) revealed that 17β-oestradiol (10 μmol/L for 24 h) treatment induced the formation of inducible NOS protein in the aorta, an effect blocked by cycloheximide. The results indicate that 17β-oestradiol can attenuate the vasoconstrictor effect of PE by a specific receptor-mediated process that involves induction of inducible NOS. 相似文献
15.
The treatment of malignant histiocytosis 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Tseng A Jr; Coleman CN; Cox RS; Colby TV; Turner RR; Horning SJ; Rosenberg SA 《Blood》1984,64(1):48-53
Twenty-four consecutive cases of malignant histiocytosis (MH) treated at Stanford Medical Center between 1973 and 1983 have been reviewed. Most patients presented with systemic symptoms (91%) and advanced disease (stage IV, 80%). Multiple organ involvement was common. In six cases, pathologic tissue was further characterized by frozen section immune histochemistry, using a panel of monoclonal antibodies known to react with monocytes and macrophages, as well as a variety of hematopoietic cells. One case expressed a mature monocyte/macrophage phenotype; three cases were considered null cell or primitive lesions; and two cases were identified as probable T cell lymphomas. Seven patients underwent splenectomy. Two patients died prior to any treatment. Twenty-two patients were treated with CHOP (cyclophosphamide, Adriamycin, vincristine, prednisone) +/- bleomycin (B), +/- midcycle high-dose methotrexate (HD-MTX) with leucovorin rescue. Seven patients received prophylactic intrathecal MTX. Of 22 evaluable patients, there was a 68% complete response rate (CR), a 23% partial response rate (PR), and a 9% no response rate (NR). Median duration of CR was 30+ months; median duration of PR was 2.4 months. Median survival for patients attaining a CR has not been reached v 3 months for the PR and NR groups. For all 24 patients, median survival was 2 years, with a 5-year actuarial survival of 40%. Multivariate analysis revealed that a platelet count less than 150,000 (P Cox = .005) and the dose of drug delivered (P Cox = .057) were the most important prognostic factors. Prophylactic intrathecal MTX therapy and splenectomy did not influence survival. Although MH is an aggressive disease with a poor prognosis, it is potentially curable. Systematic and aggressive treatment should further improve the outcome. 相似文献
16.
TV Ajithkumar C Sivasankar K Ramachandran 《Journal of Medical Imaging and Radiation Oncology》2002,46(1):119-120
Orbital involvement at diagnosis in multiple myeloma is rare. Only a few a cases are reported with computed tomographic features. We report a case of orbital myeloma, and relevant medical reviews on computed tomography features are discussed. 相似文献
17.
人胰腺α-淀粉酶的cDNA克隆和原核表达的初步研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
目的 获得人胰腺α-淀粉酶(AMY2A)基因并进行原核表达。方法 采用基因工程技术,根据人AMY2A基因序列设计并合成特异性引物;从人胰腺组织中提取总RNA,反转录成CDNA第一链;逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)扩增人胰腺AMY2A基因,经BamH Ⅰ和Kpn Ⅰ双酶切、连接并插入原核表达载体pGEX-5T,构建pGEX-5T-AMY2A重组表达载体,在大肠杆菌BL21中异丙基硫代半乳糖苷酶(IPTG)诱导表达AMY2A蛋白。包涵体经尿素变性、复性及谷胱苷肽琼脂糖柱亲和层析纯化、AMY2A酶活性测定和免疫印迹分析。结果 重组质粒测序和酶切结果显示AMY2A基因已正确插入pGEX-5T,重组蛋白、复性及纯化产物SDS聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)在84 000处有一条明显的蛋白表达条带,AMY2A检测具有酶活性,免疫印迹分析表明重组蛋白具有人胰腺淀粉酶抗原性。结论 作者已克隆并在大肠杆菌中初步表达并获得纯化的谷胱苷肽转移酶(GST)-AMY2A融合蛋白。 相似文献
18.
介绍了吉安电视台全硬盘自动播出网络系统设计指导思想及系统构成,该系统采用网络技术实现资源共享,采用多级安全措施确保安全播出. 相似文献
19.
The objectives of this study were to assess changes in the self-reported use of health care services after gatekeeping by general practitioners and a global budget were introduced in the health insurance plan for students at the University of Geneva, Switzerland, in October 1992. A random sample of 336 members of the University plan answered questions about their use of health care services during the year before (1992) and the year after (1993) the introduction of managed care. Similar data were collected among a random sample of 300 members of a comparison plan. All participants were 18–44 y old in 1992, spoke French and lived in Geneva. The proportion of insurees who visited specialists decreased by 10% in the University plan between 1992 and 1993 and remained unchanged in the comparison group. The proportion of insurees who visited general practitioners increased by 12% in the University plan and remained unchanged in the comparison group. No effects on the total number of health care visits, on hospitalisations or on use of medications were detected. The introduction of gatekeeping and of a global budget managed by physicians was associated with a transfer of patient visits from specialists to general practitioners. 相似文献
20.