Limited M1 Disease: A Significant Prognostic Factor for Stage IV Breast Cancer

Purpose

The prognosis of patients with breast cancer presenting with distant metastasis can vary depending on disease extent. This study evaluates a definition of limited M1 disease in association with survival in a cohort of women presenting with metastatic breast cancer.

Methods

The study cohort comprised 692 women referred to the BC Cancer Agency between 1996 and 2005 with M1 breast cancer at presentation. Limited M1 disease was defined as <5 metastatic lesions confined to one anatomic subsite. Extensive M1 disease was defined as ??5 lesions or disease in more than one subsite. Clinicopathologic and treatment characteristics and overall survival (OS) were compared between subjects with limited (n?=?233) versus extensive (n?=?459) M1 disease. Multivariable analysis was performed by Cox regression modeling.

Results

Median follow-up time was 1.9?years. Five-year Kaplan-Meier OS was significantly higher in patients with limited compared to extensive M1 disease (29.7 vs. 13.1?%, p?p?Conclusions Limited M1 disease, defined as <5 metastatic lesions confined to one anatomic subsite, is a relevant favorable prognostic factor in patients with stage IV breast cancer. This definition may be used in conjunction with other clinicopathologic factors to select patients for more aggressive systemic and locoregional treatments.     

Women's knowledge, practises, and intentions regarding correct pelvic floor exercises.

AIM: Although research has demonstrated the efficacy of pelvic floor exercises (PFXs) for the prevention and treatment of female urinary incontinence (FUI), adherence to PFX regimens is commonly poor. There is some evidence that this finding is in part due to a lack of knowledge about how to perform PFXs correctly and misconceptions about the required frequency and duration of PFX regimens. METHODS: By using a sample of 720 postpartum women, this study investigates women's PFX regimens both before and during pregnancy and postpartum. RESULTS: Findings demonstrated that most women were aware of the required frequency for PFXs (at least every second day): just over half had done them this often during pregnancy and 91% intended to do so postpartum. However, few had done them at this level before pregnancy and less than half knew that PFXs should be carried out indefinitely throughout the lifetime. Moreover, only two thirds were confident that they were doing PFXs correctly. CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that, despite good knowledge of the required frequency of PFXs, few women practise them regularly over their lifetime, many apparently perceiving PFXs as relevant only to the childbirth years. Implications for health professionals in addressing these gaps in women's knowledge and practises are discussed.     

Methodical placement of mesh during endoscopic extraperitoneal inguinal hernioplasty

Endoscopic extraperitoneal inguinal hernioplasty has been gaining in popularity worldwide recently. Placement of mesh remains a technically challenging part of the procedure. This paper describes a systematic method for the placement of mesh during endoscopic inguinal hernioplasty. To broaden the endoscopic view and maximize working space, the mesh should be kept far from the telescope within the limited extraperitoneal space. Unfolding the mesh requires prior stabilization of the mesh at one point, to avoid uncontrolled migration of the whole mesh and subsequent loss of mesh orientation. Mastering the skill of two‐handed technique is essential for coordinated manipulation and expeditious mesh placement. Before concluding the procedure, a trial of deflation can help to ensure appropriate repositioning of the peritoneum without displacement of the mesh. Chinese Abstract

Figure Chinese Abstract Open in figure viewer PowerPoint

Volume 6 , Issue 1 February 2002

Pages 18-21     

新型定位板在经椎间孔腰骶神经根封闭术术前定位中的应用

目的 :探讨新型定位板应用在腰椎后外侧经椎间孔腰骶神经根封闭术的术前定位中的有效性、可靠性。方法:2015年3月~2016年3月收治腰椎退行性疾病患者102例,其中单节段腰椎间盘突出症51例,单节段腰椎管狭窄症42例,经皮内窥镜下腰椎间盘切除术后症状复发9例,采用随机数字表随机分入两组后行腰椎后外侧经椎间孔腰骶神经根封闭术。A组54例,手术节段为L3/4 8例、L4/5 28例、L5/S1 18例,采用新型定位板术前定位;B组48例,手术节段为L3/4 8例、L4/5 26例、L5/S1 14例,采用金属定位针术前定位。两组患者年龄、性别、手术节段、保守治疗时间均无统计学差异(P0.05)。记录两组术前的透视次数和准备时间、穿刺时间、穿刺期透视次数、手术并发症、穿刺术后1h穿刺区疼痛VAS评分,并进行统计学分析。结果:A组术前的准备时间为5.2±1.0min、透视次数为1.1±0.3次,穿刺时间9.6±2.2min,穿刺期透视次数3.1±1.0次;B组术前的准备时间为10.7±2.3min、透视次数为3.8±1.2次,穿刺时间16.3±3.3min,穿刺期透视次数4.6±0.6次,两组比较均有统计学差异(P0.05),A组均优于B组。两组均未出现椎管内血肿、腹腔脏器损伤、下肢感觉和运动功能异常,B组出现硬膜刺裂1例(1/48)、穿刺区域皮下血肿4例(4/48),两组并发症发生率无统计学差异(P0.05);术后1h穿刺区域疼痛VAS评分,A组为3.4±0.5分,B组为5.0±0.9分,有统计学差异(P0.05)。结论:对于经椎间孔腰骶神经根封闭术,使用新型定位板术前定位,并进行穿刺路径设计,可减少术前透视次数、术前准备时间,有助于缩短穿刺时间及穿刺期透视次数,定位板具有使用方便、可靠、有效等优点。     

The Premature Ejaculation Profile: validation of self-reported outcome measures for research and practice

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the reliability and validity of the Premature Ejaculation Profile (PEP), a self‐reported outcome instrument for evaluating domains of PE and its treatment, comprised of four single‐item measures, a profile, and an index score.

SUBJECTS AND METHODS

Data were from men participating in observational studies in the USA (PE, 207 men; non‐PE, 1380) and Europe (PE, 201; non‐PE, 914) and from men with PE (1238) participating in a phase III randomized, placebo‐controlled clinical trial of dapoxetine. The PEP contains four measures: perceived control over ejaculation, personal distress related to ejaculation, satisfaction with sexual intercourse, and interpersonal difficulty related to ejaculation, each assessed on five‐point response scales. Test‐retest reliability, known‐groups validity, and ability to detect a patient‐reported global impression of change (PGI) in condition were evaluated for the individual PEP measures and a PEP index score (the mean of all four measures). Profile analysis was conducted using multivariate analysis of variance.

RESULTS

All PEP measures showed acceptable reliability (intraclass correlation coefficients ranged from 0.66 to 0.83) and mean scores for all measures differed significantly between PE and non‐PE groups (P < 0.001). Men who reported a reduction in PE with treatment in the phase III trial had significantly greater scores on each of the four measures. The PEP profiles of men with and without PE differed significantly (P < 0.001) in both observational studies; higher levels of PGI were associated with higher PEP profiles (P < 0.001). The PEP index score also showed acceptable reliability and was significantly different between the PE and non‐PE groups (P < 0.001). Men who reported an improvement in PE with treatment in the phase III trial had significantly greater PEP index scores. In the phase III trial, nausea was the most common adverse event with dapoxetine.

CONCLUSION

The PEP provides a reliable, valid, and interpretable measure for use in monitoring outcomes of men with PE.     

髓样相关蛋白14真核表达载体的构建及其细胞内定位研究

目的:构建小鼠髓样相关蛋白14(MRP14)的真核表达载体,观察其在NIH3T3细胞中的表达定位情况。方法:提取BALB/c小鼠肝脏组织的总RNA,通过逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)扩增得到MRP14编码序列。然后将该编码序列克隆到带有血凝素(HA)标记的载体pcDNA3-HA上,随后转染NIH3T3细胞,在荧光显微镜下观察结果。结果:重组质粒经聚合酶链反应(PCR)、酶切和测序鉴定证明构建正确。转染实验发现,该质粒能够在NIH3T3细胞中表达,表达产物主要定位在细胞质中。结论:成功构建带HA标签的MRP14真核表达载体。该载体能在哺乳动物细胞中有效表达并正确定位,为下一步深入研究MRP14作用细胞的信号通路提供了一个重要工具。     

巨噬细胞对内皮细胞系同源盒B2基因和血管内皮生长因子受体mRNA及整合素αvβ3表达的影响

目的　体外观察巨噬细胞(M)对血管内皮细胞同源盒(HOX)B2基因mRNA和血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)受体KDRmRNA及整合素ανβ3表达的影响。　方法　体外培养人脐静脉血管内皮细胞系ECV304,分为(1)ECV304组; (2)ECV304 伴刀豆球蛋白A(conA,终浓度25mg/L)组; (3)ECV304 人M系U937组:ECV304细胞中加入1×105 /mlU937细胞; (4)ECV304 U937 conA组:ECV304中加入1×105 /mlU937细胞及终浓度25mg/L的conA.反应48h后,用免疫荧光技术检测各组ECV304细胞整合素ανβ3的表达情况,并用逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT PCR)技术检测细胞KDRmRNA和HOXB2基因mRNA的表达水平。　结果　ECV304组细胞的整合素ανβ3、KDRmRNA及HOXB2基因mRNA的表达水平分别为6. 7±1. 5、0. 633±0. 012、0. 674±0. 004。ECV304 U937 conA组细胞上述指标较ECV304组均明显上调(P<0. 01 ),分别为10. 2±1. 7、0. 879±0 003、0. 947±0 003。其余两组细胞上述指标与ECV304组比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0. 05).结论　被conA活化的M通过影响内皮细胞的KDRmRNA、HOXB2mRNA基因及整合素ανβ3的表达,来促进内皮细胞增殖、迁移及与基质黏附,从而调节血管生成。     

Effective component from verbena officinalis L.inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis of human choriocarcinoma JAR cells

<正> Objective:To examine the action of the effective component,4'-methylether-scutellarein,from Verbena officinalis L.(VOL)on the proliferation and apoptosis of human choriocarcinomaJAR cells.Methods:Cell proliferation was measured by MTT[3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-di-phenyl tetrasodium bromide,MTT]assay and the incorporation of tritiated thymidine(~3H-TdR).Apoptosis of cell was evaluated by flow cytometry(FCM)and the characteristic apoptoticDNA ladder by agarose gel electrophoresis,and the morphological changes of apoptotic JAR cellswere observed under fluorescence microscopy and electron microscopy(EM).Expressions of ap-optosis proteins,poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase(PARP)and caspase-3,-8,and -9 were deter-mined with Western blot.Results:The effective component from VOL inhibited the proliferation of JAR cells in a dose-and time-dependent manner.The treated cell cycle was arrested in S phase and an apoptotic peakwas found in S phase using FCM analysis.A typical DNA ladder appeared in the treatment groupwhen analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis.Using fluorescence microscopy,the percentage ofapoptotic cell was 0.9%,6%,and 14% after treatments of 10,20,and 40 mg·L~(-1) of the effec-tive component,respectively,for 48 h.Typical apoptotic changes,such as condensed chromatinand presence of apoptotic bodies,were observed under EM.Treatment with effective componentfor 48 h and 72 h also induced protein expression of PARP and caspase-3,-8,and -9 as seen byWestern blot.Conclusions:The effective component from VOL inhibits cell proliferation and induces apop-tosis in human choriocarcinoma JAR cells.