Changes in outcome with sphincter preserving surgery for rectal cancer in Korea, 1991-2000.

AIM: To report the clinical and oncological data of patients operated on for rectal cancers 3-5 cm from the AV over a 10 year period, including the Sphincter preservation (SP) rate. METHODS: We reviewed medical records of 304 patients with rectal cancers 3-5 cm from the AV who underwent surgical resection from January 1991 through December 2000. The 10 years were divided into three periods based on the introduction of new surgical techniques, specifically, ultralow anterior resection (ULAR) with double stapling in March 1994 and ULAR with coloanal anastomosis in April 1997. The rates of SP, complications and patient survival during these periods were compared. RESULTS: The SP rate increased significantly over the 10 years, from 16.4% in period I (January 1991-February 1994), to 53.0% in period II (March 1994-March 1997), to 86.5% in period III (April 1997-December 2000) (p<0.001). Over time, the age of the patients increased (p=0.004), the length of the distal resection margin became shorter (p=0.005), and the rate of lymph node metastasis increased (p=0.016). The factors significantly influencing SP were the period (p<0.001) and the distance from the AV (p<0.001). Over time, morbidity did not increase, and overall and disease free survival rates did not decrease. In contrast, the overall survival of N2 cases significantly increased over time (p=0.0492). CONCLUSION: Over 10 years, the SP rate in rectal cancers 3-5 cm from the AV was significantly increased by the introduction of the double stapling and coloanal anastomosis techniques. These surgical methods, however, had no effect on morbidity, disease free survival and overall survival rates.     

血管紧张素转换酶基因多态性与肺源性心脏病的相关性

①目的　探讨血管紧张素转换酶 (ACE)基因的插入 缺失 (I D)多态性与肺源性心脏病 (肺心病 )的关系。②方法　选取肺心病病人 63例 ,正常对照组 40例。常规制备外周血白细胞DNA ,采用多聚酶链反应 (PCR)检测两组人群ACE基因的I D多态性。③结果　肺心病组和正常对照组均检测到ACE基因的II,ID及DD 3种基因型 ,肺心病组 3种基因型的频率分别为 0 .45 ,0 .41和 0 .1 4 ,正常对照组为 0 .42 ,0 .41和 0 .1 7,两组比较差异无显著性 (χ2 =2 .1 57,P >0 .0 5) ;两组I,D等位基因频率分别为 0 .54 ,0 .46和 0 .61 ,0 .39,两组间比较差异无显著性(χ2 =1 .2 57,P >0 .0 5)。④结论　ACE基因I D多态性与肺心病发生无明显相关性     

某高校护理和预防两个专业大学生核黄素营养状况分析

目的了解大学生核黄素营养状况，并探讨其影响因素。方法对护理、预防专业的学生进行核黄素4h负荷尿试验，用荧光光度法测定核黄素含量。结果护理学专业的学生核黄素不足的占78．79％，正常占10．10％，充裕的占11.31％。预防医学专业的学生核黄素不足的占74．42％，正常的占16．28％，充裕的占9．3％。专业之间差异无显著性意义（P〉0．05）。结论大学生的核黄素营养水平普遍较低，其中动物性食品摄人较少、学生对合理膳食的营养知识缺乏是核黄素摄人不足的主要原因。     

Surface properties of endosseous dental implants after NdYAG and CO2 laser treatment at various energies.

OBJECTIVES: Dental lasers have been used for uncovering submerged implants as well as decontaminating implant surfaces when treating peri-implantitis. The objective of this study was to compare the possible alterations of the smooth surface and resorbable blast material (RBM) surface implants after using NdYAG and CO(2) lasers at various energies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten smooth surface implants and 10 RBM surface implants were used. Two smooth surface implants and 2 RBM surface implants served as a control group that was not lased. The remaining implants were treated using NdYAG and CO(2) lasers. The surface of each implant was treated for 10 seconds on the second and third threads. The smooth surface implants (group 1) were treated using a pulsed contact NdYAG laser at power settings of 1, 2, 3.5, and 5 W, which are commonly used for soft tissue surgery; the corresponding energy and frequency were 50 mJ and 20 Hz, 100 mJ and 20 Hz, 350 mJ and 10 Hz, and 250 mJ and 20 Hz, respectively. The group 2 RBM implants were treated using a pulsed contact NdYAG laser. The group 3 smooth surface implants were treated using a pulsed wave non-contact CO(2) laser at 1, 2, 3.5, and 5 W, and the group 4 RBM implants were treated using a pulsed wave non-contact CO(2) laser. Data were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS: The control surface was very regular and smooth. After NdYAG laser treatment, the implant surface showed alterations of all the surfaces. The amount of damage was proportional to the power. A remarkable finding was the similarity of the lased areas on the smooth and RBM surfaces. CO(2) laser at power settings of 1.0 or 2.0 W did not alter the implant surface, regardless of implant type. At settings of 3.5 and 5 W, there was destruction of the micromachined groove and gas formation. CONCLUSION: This study supports that CO(2) laser treatment appears more useful than NdYAG laser treatment and CO(2) laser does not damage titanium implant surface, which should be of value when uncovering submerged implants and treating peri-implantitis.     

Ki-67抗原与膀胱癌相关性研究进展

<正>膀胱癌是我国泌尿外科肿瘤发病率和病死率均占第一位的肿瘤,约80％为浅表性移行细胞癌。但是,目前常规的病理学检查无法为临床提供指导性的治疗意见。细胞增殖在膀胱癌的发生、发展过程中起到重要作用。检测膀胱癌增殖活性对于判断其恶性程度、预见其生物学行为和选择适当的治疗方案具有重大意义。Kj-67抗原(简:Kj-67)是近年来受     

Central metabotropic glutamate receptors differentially participate in interleukin-1beta-induced mechanical allodynia in the orofacial area of conscious rats.

The present study investigated the role of central metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) in interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta)-induced mechanical allodynia and mirror-image mechanical allodynia in the orofacial area. Experiments were carried out on male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 230 to 280 g. After administration of 0.01, 0.1, 1, or 10 pg of IL-1beta into a subcutaneous area of the vibrissa pad, we examined the withdrawal behavioral responses produced by 10 successive trials of an air-puff ramp pressure applied ipsilaterally or contralaterally to the IL-1beta injection site. Subcutaneous injection of IL-1beta produced mechanical allodynia and mirror-image mechanical allodynia in the orofacial area. Intracisternal administration of CPCCOEt, a mGluR1 antagonist, or MPEP, a mGluR5 antagonist, reduced IL-1beta-induced mechanical allodynia and mirror-image mechanical allodynia. Intracisternal administration of APDC, a group II mGluR agonist, or L-AP4, a group III mGluR agonist, reduced both IL-1beta-induced mechanical allodynia and mirror-image mechanical allodynia. The antiallodynic effect, induced by APDC or L-AP4, was blocked by intracisternal pretreatment with LY341495, a group II mGluR antagonist, or CPPG, a group III mGluR antagonist. These results suggest that groups I, II, and III mGluRs differentially modulated IL-1beta-induced mechanical allodynia, as well as mirror-image mechanical allodynia, in the orofacial area. PERSPECTIVE: Central group I mGluR antagonists and groups II and III mGluR agonists modulate IL-1beta-induced mechanical allodynia and mirror-image mechanical allodynia in the orofacial area. Therefore, the central application of group I mGluR antagonists or groups II and III mGluR agonists might be of therapeutic value in treating pain disorder.