辽西蜂胶中一新的桂皮酸酯成分的分离与鉴定

辽西蜂胶中一新的桂皮酸酯成分的分离与鉴定迟家平陈海生薛秉文（中国人民解放军第２０５医院，锦州１２１００１；第二军医大学药学院，上海２００４３３）蜂胶（ｐｒｏｐｏｌｉｓ）是蜜蜂采集植物幼芽中的树脂并混入其上颚腺分泌物及蜂蜡等加工而成的一种天然物质，...     

Adrenoleukodystrophy: correlating MR imaging with CT

The effect on the brain of the sex-linked recessive form of adrenoleukodystrophy was studied in 40 boys, 4-18 years old. All underwent computed tomography (CT) scanning; six underwent magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. MR showed a high sensitivity in demonstrating white matter disease. Auditory pathway disease was characterized as involvement of the lateral lemniscus and medial geniculate body, and visual pathway disease was characterized by lateral geniculate body, Meyer loop, and optic radiation involvement. Contrast-enhanced CT still proved to have a greater capacity (at this time) to show the active, advancing form of the disease and concomitant calcifications. This large CT series also demonstrated the broad and variable expressions of adrenoleukodystrophy, which allowed the unification of previously described atypical forms of the disease.     

Mediastinal tuberculous lymphadenitis: CT manifestations

An analysis was done of computed tomographic (CT) scans of 23 Korean patients who had presented with a mediastinal or hilar mass on plain chest radiographs and had subsequently been found to have tuberculous lymphadenitis. Most patients were young adults. Findings of pulmonary tuberculosis were seen on plain radiographs in 14 patients. On CT, findings were of an overwhelming preponderance of involvement of the right paratracheal and tracheobronchial nodes. After injection of contrast medium, nodes larger than 2 cm in diameter invariably showed central areas of relative low density and peripheral rim enhancement. Enhanced walls were usually irregular in thickness. Some smaller nodes did not show low-density areas, but instead showed varying degrees of homogeneous enhancement. Although metastatic nodes can be of low density, experience in this study suggests that mediastinal lymphadenopathy in a young adult with the CT findings described above is characteristic enough to support a diagnosis of tuberculosis.     

Femoral neck stress fractures and metabolic bone disease

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether metabolic bone disease plays a role in the cause of femoral neck stress fractures. STUDY DESIGN: Twenty-three patients with femoral neck stress fractures were enrolled prospectively in the study. Examination included computed tomography bone densitometry, trace mineral analysis, and histomorphometric analysis of the iliac crest in thirteen patients who underwent surgical treatment of their stress fractures. A control group of fifteen patients undergoing iliac crest bone grafting for scaphoid nonunions underwent similar examinations. SETTING: Tertiary military medical center. RESULTS: Patients with femoral neck stress fractures had lower bone mineral density than did control patients (p = 0.010), but no trace mineral deficiencies or consistent histomorphometric differences were noted. CONCLUSIONS: Bone mineral density is decreased in patients with femoral neck stress fractures. Despite observations of decreased bone mineral density in the stress fracture group, osteoporosis, as determined by histomorphometry, is not a consistent finding.     

Lignans from Trachelospermum jasminoides

Seven lignans having a diarylhydroxybutyrolactone skeleton were isolated from the leaves and stems of Trachelospermum jasminoides （Lindl.） Lem. Their structures were elucidated to be nortrachelogenin 8＇-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside （1）, nortrachelogenin 5 ＇- C- beta-D-glucopyranoside （2）, trachelogenin amide （3）, nortracheloside, trachelogenin, tracheloside, and trachelogenin 4＇- O- beta-gentiobioside, respectively, on the basis of spectroscopic analyses.