金丝桃甙的合成研究

金丝桃甙的合成研究蒋忠良，朱胄远，伍越环，王钟，周维善（中国科技大学化学系，合肥２３００２６；中国科学院上海有机化学研究所，上海２０００３２）金丝桃甙（Ⅰ）有抗过敏、解痉、抗胃溃疡和利尿等作用，且有显著止咳，降血压，降低胆固醇效果，无副作用（１～３）...     

Evaluation of QUADAS, a tool for the quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies

Background  

In clinical trials, both unequal randomization design and sequential analyses have ethical and economic advantages. In the single-stage-design (SSD), however, if the sample size is not adjusted based on unequal randomization, the power of the trial will decrease, whereas with sequential analysis the power will always remain constant. Our aim was to compare sequential boundaries approach with the SSD when the allocation ratio (R) was not equal.     

Esophageal strictures in children: treatment by serial balloon catheter dilatation

Grüntzig balloon catheters were used to dilate ten esophageal strictures in eight infants and children. Five infants who had anastomotic strictures following esophageal atresia repair gained complete resolution of their strictures, usually after one or two dilatations. Three older children who had strictures following esophageal re-operation or reconstruction required longer courses of dilatations to achieve consistent esophageal patency. The technique failed in two chronic strictures of two and one-half and nine years' duration. Balloon catheter dilatation, begun in the early postoperative period, is a safe, effective method for dilating esophageal strictures.     

The Concurrent Use of Alcohol, Cigarettes and Caffeine in British Benzodiazepine Users as Measured by a General Population Survey

A 1985 general population survey was conducted by Gallup in Great Britain. Subjects (4,148) were questioned about their use of benzodiazepines of whom 1,284 were also questioned about their alcohol, cigarette and caffeine consumption. Data were examined to find possible multiple substance misuse. No strong evidence could be found. People taking benozodiazepines at the time of the survey consumed significantly less alcohol than non-users or past users. Cigarette consumption was found to be increased in current and past benzodiazepine users. Subgroups of benzodiazepine users, defined as‘high users’,‘dosage escalators’or‘chronic users’were also examined. Again no strong evidence of multiple substance misuse could be found. However, high users and dosage escalators did smoke more than others. Concurrent misuse of benzodiazepines and other legally available psychoactive substances is not common in the general population.     

Active rehabilitation for chronic low back pain: Cognitive-behavioral, physical, or both? First direct post-treatment results from a randomized controlled trial [ISRCTN22714229]

Background  

The treatment of non-specific chronic low back pain is often based on three different models regarding the development and maintenance of pain and especially functional limitations: the deconditioning model, the cognitive behavioral model and the biopsychosocial model.