角膜缘干细胞与结膜移植治疗翼状胬肉

目的:观察角膜缘干细胞与结膜移植治疗翼状胬肉的疗效。方法:采用自体角膜缘干细胞与结膜移植术,对38例43眼初发和复发性翼状胬肉患者进行治疗,术后随访3～30月,平均10月。结果:38例43眼中34例38眼上皮愈合稳定,角膜恢复正常光滑、透明,胬肉无复发。4例5眼失访。结论:自体角膜缘上皮移植为病变区角膜和结膜提供新的干细胞来源,是治疗翼状胬肉的理想方法。眼科学报1999;15:89—90。     

采用定点基因缺失突变技术在大肠杆菌中分泌鲑鱼生长激素

目的：为获得与天然鲑鱼生长激素一致的基因工程产物,对已构建的鲑鱼生长激素基因分泌型表达质粒ｐＯｓＧＨ１５３进行改造,删除所编码表达产物氨基端多余的９个碱基,方法：采用ＰＡＬＴＥＲ系统进行寡聚核苷酸指导下的基因定点缺失突变。突变质粒ｐＯｓＧＨ１５８经限制性酶切图谱及Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ印迹杂交分析加以证,结果：含有表达质粒ｐＯｓＧＨ１５８的大肠杆菌株经ＩＰＴＧ诱导后提取周质帽白,经ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ及免疫     

ACE基因多态性及循环中酶活性与EHT的关系及赖诺普利对其疗效的观察

对１１０例原发性高血压（ＥＨＴ）患者和１６３例正常对照者取血测定其血管紧张素转换酶（ＡＣＥ）基因Ｉ与 Ｄ多态性及循环中酶活性。高血压组Ｄ等位基因频率高于对照组,分别为 ０．５１８　２和０．４３２ ５（Ｐ＜０．０５）。两组中ＡＣＥ活性均存在ＤＤ＞ＩＤ＞Ⅱ。高血压组及对照组ＩＤ型ＡＣＥ活性分别为３１４．１±６７．９４和２５８．３５±６４．１１（Ｐ＜０．０１）,Ⅱ型分别为２５９．６８±６９．６８和２２０．８８±６２．８５（Ｐ＜０．０５）。高血压组应用赖诺普利后各基因型患者血压均有明显下降,降压幅度ＤＤ＞ＩＤ＞Ⅱ。结果显示ＡＣＥ基因多态性与原发性高血压有密切关系,ＤＤ型有高易患性。ＡＣＥ活性受基因型控制,ＤＤ型活性最高。应用赖诺普利后各基因型血压均有下降,降压幅度 ＤＤ＞ ＩＤ＞ Ⅱ。 ＤＤ型可作为ＡＣＥ抑制剂应用的最佳指征。     

Narrowing the embryologic window of the adriamycin-induced fetal rat model of esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula

We recently reported on a new fetal rat model of esophageal atresia (EA) with tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) induced by prenatal exposure to adriamycin (1.75 mg/kg i. p. injected daily to the pregnant dam from the 6th to 9th gestational days). With this treatment regime, many fetuses were resorbed and the number of associated malformations was very high. The present study demonstrates that similar doses of the drug administered only on the 8th and 9th gestational days allow higher fetal survival (9.7 3.9 vs. 6.8 4.7 fetuses per litter, P < 0.01) with a similar incidence of EA-TEF (41.2% vs. 56.4%, n. s.) and decreased occurence of associated anorectal and genitourinary malformations. Since this model is an instrument for further investigation of the disturbed cellular and morphogenetic events leading to EA and TEF, the narrowing of the embryologic window obtained by the present study will allow better focusing of the research on the critical period of time involved.     

The Inhibition and Protection of Cholinesterase by Physostigmine and Pyridostigmine Against Soman Poisoning in vivo

It has been shown that some reversible cholinesterase (ChE)inhibitors as physostigmine and pyridostigmine are prophylacticallyeffective in organophosphate poisoning. The inhibition and protectionof ChE against Soman poisoning with the above mentioned drugswas investigated in mice.

1. Physostigmine and pyridostigmine significantly inhibited theChE in whole blood in vivo and their inhibitory potencies withequitoxic doses were approximately equal (1/5 LD₅₀ about 30%;1/2 LD₅₀ about 45% respectively). Physostigmine also significantlyinhibited brain ChE and its potency was slightly weaker thanthat in blood; but pyridostigmine only slightly inhibited brainChE (17%) with large dose (1/2 LD₅₀). The extent of inhibitionwas in parallel with the dosage of the drugs used.
2. Physostigminehad definite protection in the blood and brainChE against Somanpoisoning. The extent of protection was inparallel with thedosage used. The protection of blood ChE bypyridostigmine wasweaker than that by physostigmine. Therewas no protection ofbrain ChE by pyridostigmine.
3. The inhibitory potency of equitoxicdoses of physostigmine andpyridostigmine in the ChE of diaphragmmuscle was equal too(1/2 LD₅₀ about 45%), and the protectiveeffect of physostigminewas still greater than that of pyridostigminein Soman poisoning.
4. The time course of blood ChE inhibitionby physostigmine invivo was of short duration. While 30 minutesafter administrationof physostigmine, the ChE activity graduallyrecovered and itreturned to normal level after 4 hours. Theblood ChE inhibitionby pyridostigmine reached a peak levelafter 2 hours, and theChE activity slowly increased after 4hours, but there was 30%of ChE activity still inhibited after8 hours.
5. Physostigmine and pyridostigmine, the reversibleChE inhibitorswith carbamate structure, have definite ChE protectionagainstSoman poisoning. The prophylactic efficacy was obviouslycorrelatedwith their ChE protective potency. Evaluating physostigmineand pyridostigmine based on their efficacy, toxicity, adverseeffects, duration, availability and stability, we recommendthat pyridostigmine is the drug of choice in the prophylaxisagainst nerve gas poisoning.

     

新的磷酸二酯酶及其功能

磷酸二酯酶(PDEs)基因家族已扩大到11个。新的PDE酶包括PDE7B，PDE8，PDE9A，PDEl0A，PDEllA。新发现的PDEs在调节阴茎勃起功能、胰岛素分泌、T细胞活化和感染、生长和发育中起重要作用。     

药事管理学科科研问题及对策浅析

分析当前我国药事管理学科科研中存在的问题和原因。提出发展科研的思路与方法。     

新生儿Rh溶血病的换血治疗

目的　用Rh阳性血换血治疗 12例新生儿Rh溶血病获得成功。方法　血液选用ABO与婴儿同型的肝素抗凝血 ,换血前严格做血交叉和抗人球蛋白实验 ,不测献血员Rh血型 ,换血量为 180ml/kg。 结果　换血后大多数婴儿黄疸无明显加重 ,仅一例因血清胆红素 >3 4 0 μmol/L而需第二次换血 ,所有病例均痊愈出院 ,平均住院天数为 (12± 4)d。结论　在病情紧急时 ,用Rh阳性血换血治疗 ,是一项安全有效的替代措施。     

羟基磷灰石根管充填诱导根尖形成的临床研究

目的：探讨羟基磷灰石（hydroxyapatite,HA）诱导根尖形成的性能。方法：选择90例根尖未发育完成合并牙髓病或根尖病的年轻恒牙，分3组分别充填HA糊剂，氢氧化铝糊剂（Ca(OH)2)氧化锌丁香油糊剂（ZOE）诱导根尖形成于治疗后1年、2年随访评价临床疗效。结果：HA糊剂、Ca(OH)2糊剂、ZOE糊剂3组疗效无显著性差异。结论：HA糊剂充填根管具有诱导根尖形成的能力。