力竭运动大鼠心室肌蛋白质组表达特征

目的:采用蛋白质组学技术,建立安静和递增运动负荷训练后力竭大鼠心室肌蛋白质组的差异性表达谱,初步筛选出心室肌对力竭运动产生反应的目标蛋白质。方法:实验于2007-03在湖南师范大学生命科学学院蛋白质化学与蛋白质组学国家教育部重点实验室和省级运动人体科学实验室完成。①实验分组:10只SD雄性大鼠随机分为对照组和运动组,每组5只。②实验方法:运动组经过7周的大强度递增运动负荷训练后(最后一次力竭),对两组心室肌组织的全蛋白进行双向凝胶电泳分离。结果:经图像分析,在运动组的电泳图谱上共展现蛋白质点(338±17)个,对照组展现蛋白质点(352±17)个。运动后差异表达的蛋白质点共有99个。对其中差异表达的9个蛋白质点进行质谱鉴定,共鉴定出7个蛋白质,Stress-70protein,NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase Mr75000subnunit,Long-chain specific acyl-CoA dehydrogenase,Tropomyosin-1alphachain在运动后"缺失",Nitrilase family,member2在运动后表达上调在5倍以上,一个相对分子质量为21000的未知蛋白在运动后表达下调在5倍以上,另外有两个点经鉴定均为Myosin-6,在运动后表达量相反。这些蛋白质属于收缩蛋白、能量代谢酶、分子伴侣等。结论:递增运动负荷训练后力竭时,大鼠心室肌蛋白质组明显地发生了反应。运动后"缺失"和下调的蛋白质点与心肌收缩的调控和能量代谢的方式转变以及细胞的应激反应有关,其中,成功筛选出6种在运动医学领域尚未涉足的、具有运动应激特点的目标蛋白质。     

Clinically diagnosed axis II co‐morbidity and the short term outcome of CBT for axis I disorders

Earlier studies found that the effectiveness of CBT for anxiety disorders and depression is not negatively affected by the presence of co‐morbid axis II disorders (for reviews, see Mulder, 2002; Dreessen & Arntz, 1998). That is to say, patients with co‐morbid axis II disorders tend to have more severe complaints post‐therapy, but they already have complaints before therapy and the decrease in symptoms is not affected by axis II disorders. In these studies the presence of axis II disorders was assessed using structured interviews. Compared to the more usual open clinical interview, structured interviews tend to result in larger proportions of the patients receiving a diagnosis of one or more personality disorders. Possibly the inclusion of many relatively mild cases obscured a negative effect of personality disorders and such a negative effect might materialize if axis II disorders were assessed with a open clinical interview. In the present study, data were analyzed from 421 patients, 289 of whom received a diagnosis of one or more personality disorders. Axis I diagnoses were obsessive–compulsive disorder (n = 165), panic disorder with agoraphobia (n = 54), major depression (n = 40), eating disorders (n = 42) or other disorders (n = 120) and CBT was delivered on an in‐patient basis. When all groups were collapsed and a general measure of axis I problems was taken, the pattern was similar to the pattern from studies using structured interviews: patients with axis II problems had higher axis I problems both before and after treatment, but the decrease was parallel. When analyzed separately patients with axis II disorders did not score higher than patients without axis II disorders, while improvement in the various axis I groups was not affected by the presence of personality disorders. In the depressed subgroup a trend was observed for patients with axis II disorders to improve less. Even when personality disorders are diagnosed using an open clinical interview, their presence is largely irrelevant to the reduction of axis I problems after CBT. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd     

Serum concentrations of oestradiol-17beta, progesterone, relaxin and chorionic gonadotrophin during blastocyst implantation in natural pregnancy cycle and in embryo transfer cycle in the rhesus monkey

The present study was undertaken to assess the temporal association between the profiles of serum concentrations of oestradiol-17beta, progesterone, chorionic gonadotrophin (CG) and relaxin in pregnancies established naturally, and after embryo transfer, as well as in failed pregnancies in rhesus monkeys. In naturally mated cycles (group 1) a conception rate of 75% was obtained. In group 1, the mean day of CG detection in serum was 11.5 +/- 1.9 day post-ovulation, and for relaxin, 9.0 +/- 2.5 day post-ovulation. In group 2, embryo transfer to synchronous, non-mated surrogate recipients was performed; seven embryo transfer cycles yielded three pregnancies which were allowed to continue to term and normal infants were delivered. In embryo transfer cycles the mean day of CG detection was 14.8 +/- 1.8 day post- ovulation, and for relaxin, 11.4 +/- 2.6 day post-ovulation. A delay of about 3 days was observed in the appearance in circulation of CG (P < 0.05) and also of relaxin (P < 0.05) between natural mated and embryo transfer conception cycles. Significant differences (P < 0.05 for progesterone and P < 0.03 for oestradiol) were obtained for the areas under the curves for progesterone and oestradiol between days 12 and 16 in conception cycles compared with failed pregnancies. These data provide the first observation of the normal hormonal signals associated with maternal recognition of transferred embryos during the peri- implantation period, and suggest that the use of such an experimental primate embryo transfer model may help to elucidate components of maternal and embryonic signal-response mechanisms during embryo implantation.      

Contribution of VANGL2 mutations to isolated neural tube defects

Kibar Z, Salem S, Bosoi CM, Pauwels E, De Marco P, Merello E, Bassuk AG, Capra V, Gros P. Contribution of VANGL2 mutations to isolated neural tube defects. Vangl2 was identified as the gene defective in the Looptail (Lp) mouse model for neural tube defects (NTDs). This gene forms part of the planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway, also called the non‐canonical Frizzled/Dishevelled pathway, which mediates the morphogenetic process of convergent extension essential for proper gastrulation and neural tube formation in vertebrates. Genetic defects in PCP signaling have strongly been associated with NTDs in mouse models. To assess the role of VANGL2 in the complex etiology of NTDs in humans, we resequenced this gene in a large multi‐ethnic cohort of 673 familial and sporadic NTD patients, including 453 open spina bifida and 202 closed spinal NTD cases. Six novel rare missense mutations were identified in seven patients, five of which were affected with closed spinal NTDs. This suggests that VANGL2 mutations may predispose to NTDs in approximately 2.5% of closed spinal NTDs (5 in 202), at a frequency that is significantly different from that of 0.4% (2 in 453) detected in open spina bifida patients (p = 0.027). Our findings strongly implicate VANGL2 in the genetic causation of spinal NTDs in a subset of patients and provide additional evidence for a pathogenic role of PCP signaling in these malformations.     

Impfungen in der frauenärztlichen Praxis – Teil 2

Diseases which can be prevented by vaccination and the indications for vaccination are described in detail with a special focus on aspects relevant for the gynecological and obstetric practice. The article also gives the billing numbers for Germany which are necessary for the remuneration. With this vaccinations can be implemented in the routine daily practice. The gynecologist entrusted by the patient can provide vaccination protection in all phases of life, if necessary even during pregnancy and provide neonates with maternal passive immunity.     

Patterns of femoral head migration in osteoarthritis of the hip: a reappraisal with CT and pathologic correlation

Although medial, superior, and axial patterns of migration of the femoral head in osteoarthritis of the hip have been well described, it is not clear what anatomic and biomechanical factors determine the direction of migration. The authors studied 22 patients with bilateral (11 patients) or unilateral (11 patients) osteoarthritis by means of conventional radiography and computed tomography (CT) to define any relationships between migration in the coronal plane and that in the transverse plane and to determine whether femoral anteversion, acetabular anteversion, femoral neck-shaft angle, or acetabular inclination were related to particular migration patterns. Anterior migration was evident in 14 of the 19 hips with a superior migration pattern, whereas posterior migration was present in five of the seven hips with a medial migration pattern. In the remainder of cases, no migration in the transverse plane was present. Femoral anteversion as determined with CT, femoral neck-shaft angle, angle of acetabular inclination, and acetabular anteversion angle in this relatively small sample were all found to be within normal limits and appeared to have no influence on the occurrence of a specific pattern of femoral head migration.     

Keine Weiterabe zurückgenommener Medikamente in der Arztpraxis (Anm.: M. Riemer)

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Ausfallhonorar wegen Nichterscheinens zu einem Exklusiv-Termin

Abstrakt 1. Nimmt ein Patient einen ihm von seinem (Zahn-)Arzt einger?umten Exklusiv-Termin nicht wahr, obwohl er auf dessen Eigenschaft ausdrücklich hingewiesen wurde, so hat er dem (Zahn-)Arzt den Behandlungsausfall abzüglich eines angemessenen Eigenanteils des (Zahn-)Arztes zu ersetzen. 2. Die Ersatzpflicht tritt auch dann ein, wenn der Patient den Termin nicht in der in dem Behandlungsvertrag vorgesehenen Frist absagt. Eine hierfür seitens des (Zahn-)Arztes bestimmte Frist von zwei Tagen vor Behandlungsbeginn stellt sich für den Patienten grunds?tzlich auch nicht als unangemessene Benachteiligung i.S. des § 307 BGB dar. 3. Ein Anspruch des Arztes entf?llt auch bei nur mündlicher Vereinbarung nicht unter dem Gesichtspunkt des § 4 Abs. 5b BMV-Z, denn diese Vorschrift ist teleologisch dahin zu reduzieren, dass nur zahn?rztliche Honoraransprüche aus erfolgten Behandlungen schriftlich vereinbart werden müssen. Soweit es jedoch um einen vertraglichen Anspruch wegen einer Leistungsst?rung geht, vermag das Schriftformerfordernis des § 4 Abs. 5b BMV-Z grunds?tzlich nicht einzugreifen. (Leits?tze des Bearbeiters)     

Haftung des Zahnarztes für Fremdlabor

Abstrakt 1. Wird ein Fremdlabor vom Zahnarzt mit Reparaturarbeiten beauftragt, so ist es dann nicht Verrichtungsgehilfe des Zahnarztes, wenn es an dem für die Zurechnung erforderlichen Abhängigkeitsverhältnis zwischen Arzt und Labor fehlt.2. Fehlt es an einem Weisungsrecht des Zahnarztes gegenüber dem Labor, so ist eine Haftung für das Labor als Verrichtungsgehilfe selbst dann ausgeschlossen, wenn der Zahnarzt das Labor im eigenen Namen und auf eigene Rechnung beauftragt hat. (Leitsätze des Bearbeiters)