宜昌市20年结肠镜检查大肠癌患病率回顾性分析

目的探讨该市大肠癌流行病学和临床特点。方法以所有结肠镜受检对象为研究群体,对大肠癌患病率、大肠癌患者性别、年龄、肿瘤部位进行统计分析;比较大肠癌临床症状与大肠癌患者年龄、肿瘤发生部位的关系。结果自1980年以来,大肠癌年度患病率呈非线性缓慢上升,男性大肠癌患病率7.1%;女性大肠癌患病率5.5%;在3个年限段(80年代、90年代和21世纪5年)大肠癌中位患病年龄分别为男53.5、56.7和59.0岁;女51.9、53.7和55.2岁。986例大肠癌中直肠癌691例,乙状结肠癌82例,降结肠癌18例,脾曲癌4例,横结肠癌37例,肝曲癌30例,升结肠、回盲部癌79例,大肠多发性癌45例。临床症状以便血为主,其次为腹痛、腹部包块和肠梗阻发生率较低,半数以上患者有不同程度贫血。结论该市大肠癌患病率和中位发病年龄呈缓慢上升,低于国内大肠癌高发区。大肠癌肿瘤发生部位有近移和多发趋势。便血是直肠癌主要症状,中老年患者便血发生率高于青年患者,但腹痛发生率低于青年患者。     

Voiding patterns in men and women with lower urinary tract symptoms combined with nocturia

AIM: We evaluated differences between men and women with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) combined with nocturia. METHODS: A total of 71 age-matched female-male pairs (median 58, range 20-81 years) who had moderate to severe LUTS and nocturia of more than once per night were enrolled in this study. RESULTS: In the younger group (<50 years), the International Prostate Symptom Score (I-PSS) results of the sexes were not significantly different. However, although total I-PSS results in the elderly group (> or =50 years) were not significantly different, quality of life index scores for women were higher (P = 0.002). On frequency-volume (FV) charts, mean total daytime voided volume (DVV) was significantly higher in younger men than in younger women (P = 0.017), but the mean nocturnal polyuria index (NPi) for women was higher than that for men (P = 0.047). However, maximum DVV (P = 0.009), mean DVV (P < 0.0001), total DVV (P < 0.0001), and mean nocturnal urine volume (P = 0.009) were significantly higher in elderly men than in elderly women. However, numbers of daytime voids were not different. CONCLUSION: Elderly women with LUTS have lower functional bladder capacities than elderly men, as suggested by their smaller mean voided volumes. However, no significant differences were observed between numbers of daytime voids, which was probably due to the smaller total daytime voided volumes of elderly women. In addition, although NPi for younger women and nocturnal urine volume for elderly men was higher, no other differences were observed in terms of other night-time parameters.     

A prospective controlled trial of cold-storage versus machine-perfusion preservation in cadaveric renal transplantation

A prospective controlled study was carried out in 60 consecutive cadaver renal donors comparing cold storage to pulsatile machine-perfusion preservation. Each donor served as its own control, by allocating one of the kidneys to each of the two preservation methods. There were 51 evaluable pairs of kidneys. Recipient age, panel-reactive antibody level, history of prior renal transplant, and immunosuppressive regimen were similar in the two preservation groups. Almost all recipients were treated with cyclosporine, and over 50% received antilymphoblast globulin. Total cold ischemic time was 1262 +/- 387 min in the machine-perfused group and 1309 +/- 426 min in the cold-storage group (P = NS). Prolonged ischemia (greater than 24 hr) occurred in 31% of machine-perfused and 22% of cold-stored kidneys (P = NS). Post-operative serum creatinine levels at 1, 7, and 30 days posttransplant were similar in both groups. Dialysis requirements were also similar, with 21 recipients of machine-perfused kidneys (41%) requiring at least one dialysis treatment compared to 16 patients (31%) in the cold-stored group (P = NS); the mean number of dialysis treatments required was 3.14 +/- 1.46 and 3.06 +/- 1.29, respectively (P = NS). Long ischemic time (greater than 24 hr) was associated with a higher rate of dialysis requirement in both groups, but in neither case did this achieve statistical significance. The distribution of graft losses within the first 30 days was similar in both groups, and the incidence of preservation-related graft failure was not significantly different. These results demonstrate that, in the cyclosporine era, machine perfusion offers no significant advantages over cold storage for cadaver renal preservation. Because machine perfusion is considerably more expensive and cold storage is simpler and facilitates the logistics of organ sharing, we recommend simple hypothermic storage of renal allografts as the preservation method of choice.     

大鼠头颅瞬间侧向旋转后脑干水肿的形成及其超微形态学基础

目的：探讨头颅瞬间旋转后脑干水肿的形成及超微形态学基础。     

肝VX-2 瘤模型MR扩散成像的实验研究

目的探讨肝VX-2瘤模型MR扩散成像特征.方法新西兰大白兔35只,采用块种植的方法,一期预实验皮下种植14只,肝内种植6只;二期肝内种植12只,另3只做正常对照.对包括二期肝内种植在内的15个肿瘤于种植前后行定期扩散加权成像(DWI) 与MR检查.以表观扩散系数(ADC)值等为指标进行统计分析.结果 (1)一期预实验,皮下种植成功率29%(4/14),肝内种植成功率33%(2/6);二期肝内种植成功率83%(10/12).(2)VX-2瘤在DWI上呈高信号,边缘清楚.正常组与VX-2瘤实验组b值为100和300 s/mm2时ADC值分别为(2.57±0.26)mm2/s、(1.73±0.31)mm2/s、(1.87±0.25)mm2/s与(1.57±0.23)mm2/s(F=43.26,P<0.001).随b值增大,病灶信号降低;ADC图上病灶呈低信号;不同b值之间病灶ADC值差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);b=100 s/mm2病灶与正常肝脏之间ADC值差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).(3)VX-2瘤发展迅速,易发生肺、肝、纵隔等处转移.结论 DWI在反映肝VX-2瘤内部水分子运动、发现与追踪病灶进展等方面有重要价值.     

固生蛋白tenascin对肝细胞癌血管生成及浸润转移的影响

目的　探讨固生蛋白(tenascin ,TN)在肝细胞癌(hepatocellularcarcinoma ,HCC)中的表达和与HCC血管生成及浸润转移的关系。方法　应用免疫组织化学法检测4 2例HCC、10例肝硬化和7例正常肝组织内TN的表达情况,观察与HCC病理学特点及微血管密度(microvesseldensity ,MVD)之间的关系。结果　①TN在HCC中的阳性表达率和强度显著高于肝硬化和正常肝脏组织( χ2 =4 15 ,P <0 0 5 ;t=2 4 73,P <0 0 5 ) ;②TN在有包膜侵犯组、病理分级Ⅲ～Ⅳ组及有转移HCC中的阳性表达率及强度明显高于无包膜侵犯组( χ2 =5 4 7,P <0 0 5 ;t=2 138,P <0 0 5 )、病理分级Ⅰ～Ⅱ级组( χ2 =6 87,P <0 0 1;t=2 4 79,P <0 0 5 )以及无转移组( χ2 =10 6 ,P <0 0 1;t=2 6 93,P <0 0 1) ;③肝癌>5cm、有包膜侵犯、有转移、病理分级Ⅲ～Ⅳ级组的MVD值明显高于肝癌≤5cm(t=2 0 36 ,P <0 0 5 )、无包膜侵犯(t =2 32 8,P <0 0 5 )、无转移(t =2 4 94 ,P <0 0 5 )及病理分级Ⅰ～Ⅱ级组(t =2 2 71,P <0 0 5 )。④TN阳性表达HCC中的MVD值明显高于TN阴性表达HCC中的MVD值(t =2 4 87,P <0 0 5 )。结论　TN在HCC组织中的表达上调与其血管生成和浸润转移有关     

匹罗卡品致(癎)大鼠海马中表达生长抑素的中间神经元数目变化及其轴突出芽

Objective To investigate the roles of somatostatin(SS)positive intemeurons in the development and compensation of temporal lobe epilepsy.Methods Piloearpine-induced epilepsy rat model was established.Immunohistochemistry method was used to detect number changes and axonal sprouting of SS positive intemeurons in different domains of the hippocampus at difierent time points.Degeneration of SS positive interneurons and their neurophils were detected by the double immunofluorescence staining with SS and Fluoro-Jade B(FJB)at 7 and 60 days after status epilepticus (SE).Results In the exoerimental rat group,the number of SS positive neurons decreased in each hippocampal domain,and it reached the lowest at 7 days post-SE(There were 11.1±3.3 in hilus,2.8±0.9 in CA1region and 1.8±0.7 in CA1region,t=13.519,9.644 and 8.808,all P<0.01).In chronic phase,the number of SS neurons gradually recovered,and exceeded the control group in CA1 area at 60 days post-SE(12.8±1.5 vs 8.8±1.3,t=-4.506,P<0.01),however,the number of SS neurons in the hilus(25.5±4.6)and CA1 area(4.8±0.8)remained significantly less than normal levels(t value were 4.691 and 3.953.both P<0.01).Increased SS positive fibers were found in the lacunosum-molecular (1m)layer and outer molecular layer of dentate gyrus after 30 days post-SE,and numerous SS positive fibers were seen threnghout the layers of area CA1 at 60 days post-SE.Double immunofluuorescence revealed that a few SS positive interneurons and fibers were also labeled by FJB in area CA1 at 7 days post-SE and in CA domain/hilus at 60 days post-SE.Conclusions SS intemeurons loss plays an important role in the development of temporal lobe epilepsy.The loss is partially caIlsed by the degeneration and death of neurons;SS positive neurophils increase within area CA1 in chronic phase may play a significant role in the generation and compensation of temporal lobe epilepsy.     

小儿乙状结肠冗长症病理特点分析

目的 探讨小儿乙状结肠冗长症的病理特点，以提高对该症病理特点的认识。方法 分析我科1993～2002年间经手术治疗12例小儿乙状结肠冗长症的临床病理资料。结果 小儿乙状结肠冗长症病理特点与先天性巨结肠同源病相似。主要表现为乙状结肠肠壁肥厚，部分肌纤维变性。结肠黏膜萎缩，黏膜下充血水肿；肌间神经丛减少，均可见神经节细胞发育幼稚，且数量减少或体积变小，呈固缩或空泡变性。结论 小儿乙状结肠冗长症大多有肠神经元发育异常。     

钛板联合羟基磷灰石人工骨眼眶重建

目的：探讨应用钛板联合羟基磷灰石人工骨矫正眼眶骨折眼球内陷的手术方法和疗效。方法：根据术前CT诊断明确的14例14眼眼眶骨折患者，术中用钛钉、钛板将复位的眶缘骨折进行坚强内固定．重建正常的眶缘，然后用羟基磷灰石人工骨材料植入眼眶，以填补眶腔容积的缺损，同时修复重建眶壁。结果：术后随访3～36个月，CT水平和冠状位扫描复查，10例眼球内陷的患者中，8例获得矫正，2例仍存中度内陷；8例复视患者中，7例获得满意改善，1例无效。无植人物感染、移位和脱出，未见视力丧失者。结论：钛板和复合羟基磷灰石人工骨具有很好的生物相容性，在眶壁重建手术中可获得满意的疗效。是眶壁重建术良好的替代材料。