Low‐intensity laser for harvesting palatal graft for the treatment of gingival recession: A systematic review

The aim of the present study was to assess the efficacy of low‐intensity laser therapy (LILT) for harvesting palatal connective tissue graft (PCTG) in the treatment of gingival recession. Databases were searched up to May 2018. The addressed focused question was: Is adjunctive LILT effective in the healing of donor palatine area after harvesting PCTG? Screening of the initially identified studies resulted in four clinical studies. All studies showed that LILT was effective in improving clinical outcomes, such as tissue thickness, postoperative discomfort, remaining wound area, and visual analog score at follow up. Upon comparison with the control group, two studies showed significantly greater improvements in the clinical parameters and patient‐centered outcomes for LILT than control groups at follow up. Due to the low number of included clinical studies, it remains debatable whether LILT improves clinical and patient‐centered outcomes of PCTG procedures. Further randomized controlled trials are needed to evaluate the outcomes of LILT on the healing of donor palatine area after harvesting PCTG     

Nanoluciferase complementation-based bioreporter reveals the importance of N-linked glycosylation of SARS-CoV-2 S for viral entry

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Caries experience and oral hygiene status of cerebral palsy children in Riyadh

The purpose of this study was to determine the caries experience and oral hygiene (OH) status of cerebral palsy (CP) children in Riyadh area. One hundred and forty CP children [82 (58.6%) males & 58 (41.4%) females] were examined for dental caries and OH status in dental clinic of the Disabled Children's Association Center, Riyadh. The children were divided into three age groups; first group 3-6 years old (41 children), second group 7-9 years old (52 children) and third group 10-12 years old (47 children). The mean DMFS (decayed, missing and filled surfaces) score for the first group was 18.8 (+/- 16.3), with the DS component of 10.9 (+/- 7.5), MS component of 3.7 (+/- 10.4) and FS component of 4.1 (+/- 8.9). For the second group the mean DMFS was 23.4 (+/- 17.7) with DS component of 15.4 (+/-12.1), MS component of 4.1 (+/-9.0) and FS component of 3.8 (+/- 8.5). The corresponding values for the third group were 20.5 (+/- 14.0), 12.4 (+/- 9.7), 5.1 (+/- 12.4) and 2.9 (+/- 5.5) respectively. There was no statistically significant difference (p > 0.05) in caries experience between the three age groups. Very few (5.7%) CP children were rated as having good OH. There was a strong association between poor oral hygiene status and high DMFS score. It can be concluded that the caries experience of CP children in Riyadh is very high, and that very few of these children have good oral hygiene.     

Prevalence of bleeding symptoms among young adults in Saudi Arabia,a national survey

Prevalence of bleeding disorders vary due to several factors including geographical location. Mild bleeding disorders can lead to iron deficiency, morbidity, and in severe cases mortality. Quantification of haemorrhagic symptoms is a key component in management of bleeding disorders and a challenging task for clinicians.An abridged version of MCMDM-1vWD questionnaire with validated Arabic translation was used to quantify bleeding disorders in adult students (n = 1138) in 4 different regions of Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Statistical analysis was performed to indicate gender disparity and prevalence.74.5% of respondents answered at least 1 question with affirmation, with 32.3% affected in Riyadh showing the highest prevalence and 14.03% affected in Dammam showing the least prevalence (P-value < .001). Gender-wise, higher prevalence of bleeding disorders in females 54.9% than in males 45.1% was observed (P-value .01). Epistaxis prevalence was significantly higher in males 30.7% vs 23.2% in females (P-value .0004), while cutaneous symptoms were reported significantly more by female participants 29.7% vs 12.3% in males (P-value < .001). Menorrhagia was reported by 28% of females, with heavy bleeding experienced by 57.6% female participants for <7 days while in 42.4% of females for >7 days.The current study signifies the ethnic distribution and gender disparity of mild bleeding disorders, and highlights the need for national surveillance system in order to improve management of patients with bleeding disorders.     

Interaction of folate – Linked silica nanoparticles with HeLa cells: Analysis and investigation the effect of polymer length

This work is a continuance to our previous findings on silica nanoparticles (NPs) modified with diamine polymer, carboxymethyl-β-cyclodextrin (CM-β-CD) and folic acid (FA), respectively. When four different polymer lengths (D230, D400, D2000 and D4000) were analyzed, the release rate of anticancer agents was inversely related to the polymer length while the cell toxicity was directly related to the length. We investigate here the effect of polymer length on the extent of cellular interaction with HeLa cells. The mean particle size, the polydispersity (PD) and the zeta potential of the NPs were measured using dynamic light scattering (DLS), the quantitative analysis of the extent of NPs'' interaction was studied using fluorescence microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to qualitatively visualize them. The particle size increased by increasing the polymer length, the PD values were within the acceptable ranges (0.3−0.5) and the zeta potential was in the range of (−16 to −20 mV). A direct relation was observed between the fluorescence intensity and the length. All modified NPs were capable of entering the cells, however a greater number of NPs with long polymers was observed compared to short polymers. Thus, the direct relation of polymer length to the cell toxicity is due to the release rate behavior and the enhanced interaction of NPs which possess long polymers.     

Quercetin-gold nanorods incorporated into nanofibers: development,optimization and cytotoxicity

Herein, a polymeric nanofiber scaffold loaded with Quercetin (Quer)–gold nanorods (GNR) was developed and characterized. Several parameters related to loading Quer into GNR, incorporating the GNR-Quer into polymeric solutions, and fabricating the nanofibers by electrospinning were optimized. GNR-Quer loaded into a polymeric mixture of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) (21%) and poloxamer 407 (23%) has produced intact GNR-Quer-nanofibers with enhanced physical and mechanical properties. GNR-Quer-nanofibers demonstrated a slow pattern of Quer release over time compared to nanofibers free of GNR-Quer. Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) revealed enhanced uniformity and homogeneity of the GNR-Quer-nanofibers. GNR-Quer-nanofibers demonstrated a high ability to retain water upon incubation in phosphate buffer saline (PBS) for 24 h compared to nanofibers free of GNR-Quer. A cellular toxicity study indicated that the average cellular viability of human dermal fibroblasts was 76% after 24 h of exposure to the nanofibers containing a low concentration of GNR-Quer.

Incorporating GNR-Quer into a mixture of 21% PLGA LMWT and 23% poloxamer 407 produced smooth, intact and uniform electrospun nanofibers with enhanced mechanical properties and hydration potential.     

Geographic tonguelike presentation in a child with pityriasis rosea: Case report and review of oral manifestations of pityriasis rosea

Oral lesions are rarely reported in patients with pityriasis rosea. We report a case of a 3‐year‐old boy with clinical evidence of generalized pityriasis rosea who developed asymptomatic oral lesions similar in appearance to geographic tongue. The generalized eruption and tongue lesions resolved simultaneously within 4 weeks. We also review the literature on the oral manifestations of Pityriasis rosea.     

Physicochemical and pharmacodynamic evaluation of pioglitazone binary systems with hydrophilic carriers

Pioglitazone (PGZ) is an antidiabetic agent belongs to thiazolidinediones. Binary systems of PGZ in the matrices of kollicoat IR (KL) and gelucire (GL) at different weight ratios were prepared by kneading and co-evaporation methods, respectively. The drug solid dispersions were characterized in terms of in vitro dissolution studies, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD). The effects of PGZ-KL (1:4) solid dispersion on the body weight, blood glucose, renal and hepatic functions of the diabetic rats were evaluated. Enhanced drug dissolution was observed in the case of PGZ-KL binary systems depending on the drug to polymer weight ratio. A reduction of 39.7, 32.7 and 26.6% for diabetic control, PGZ untreated and PGZ-KL (1:4), respectively, was recorded after 2 weeks. PGZ-KL (1:4) solid dispersion also showed significantly lower glucose blood level (p?<?0.05) compared to the diabetic control group along the period of experiment. The level of ALT was highly significantly decreased in the animal group treated with PGZ-KL solid dispersion (p?<?0.001). However, treatment of diabetic rats with either PGZ-KL or PGZ untreated significantly reduced the level of creatinine compared to the diabetic control and the difference between them was non-significant.     

Comparison of static friction and surface topography of low friction and conventional TMA orthodontic arch wires: An in-vitro study

BackgroundArch wire surface characteristics, especially surface roughness and topography, influence the coefficient of friction during sliding. The clinician should be familiar with the properties of orthodontic appliances and materials that could result in high friction to maximize the efficiency of treatment. This study aimed to compare the static friction of orthodontic arch wire materials, including a newly introduced low-friction TMA, conventional TMA, and stainless steel arch wires, using an Instron universal testing machine and to evaluate their surface topographical features using a noncontact optical profilometer.MethodsA total of 30 arch wire specimens were used, including 10 low-friction TMA (TMA-Low), 10 conventional TMA (TMA-C), and 10 stainless steel (SS), (Ormco, Orange, CA, USA) measuring 0.016 × 0.022 in. The static frictional force of each arch wire material was measured using the universal Instron machine. The surface topography was evaluated using a noncontact profilometer machine.ResultsThe static frictional resistance forces were highest in the TMA-C alloy group, and the value was statistically significant in comparison to the SS arch wire but not to the TMA-Low arch wire. The mean value of the static friction of the TMA-Low group was intermediate between the TMA-C and SS arch wires. However, this difference was statistically insignificant compared to the other two alloys. A surface roughness evaluation using a profilometer machine revealed that the highest mean of all three roughness parameters was found in the TMA-C group, followed by the TMA-Low and SS arch wires in descending order.ConclusionThe static friction resistance forces and surface roughness values of the TMA-Low arch wire are comparable to those of TMA-C but are still considered inferior to those of the SS arch wire.