IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL LOCALIZATION OF TYPE I, II, III, AND IV COLLAGENS IN THE LUNG

Type specific rabbit antibodies to bovine type I, 11, 111, and IV (basement membrane) collagens showing no cross-reaction with other types of collagen were prepared by cross-adsorption and diethylamiuoethyl-cellulose romatography. The antibodies to bovine type I and I11 collagens showed a high cross-reaction with the corresponding human collagens, but those to type I1 and IV collagens did moderate and no cross-reactions with human type I1 and IV collagens, respectively. By using these antibodies, tissue distribution of various types of collagen in normal bovine lung was examined by indirect immunofluorescence microscopy. Both type I and I11 collagens were found to distribute widely in the interstitium of bronchial tree, bronchial
lamina propria and of interlobules as well as alveolar nipples and adventitia of pulmonary arteries. Type I1 collagen was located only in bronchial cartilage. The tissues mainly stained for type 11 collagen were the alveolar interstitium (also stained faintly for type I collagen) and the intima and media of the arteries. Type IV collagen was located in a membranous fashion in alveolar septa and bronchial smooth muscles and subepithelial layers as well as capillaries and the intima and media of arteries. ACTA PATHOL. JPN. 31: 601–610, 1981.     

Three-dimensional ultrasonography in the first trimester of human pregnancy

Our purpose was to visualize normal embryonal and fetal surface anatomical structures in the first trimester of human pregnancy by use of three-dimensional ultrasonography with a specially developed abdominal three-dimensional transducer. Four embryos and 31 fetuses of 8-13 weeks gestation were studied with a specially-developed abdominal three-dimensional transducer (3.5 MHz). This imaging system can provide conventional two-dimensional ultrasonography images and can also generate, within seconds, high-quality three-dimensional images in the surface and transparent mode with no need for an external workstation. The percentage of surface anatomical structures visualized at each gestational age interval using two-dimensional and three-dimensional ultrasonography is presented. Head and trunk were depicted in all cases. The number and the clarity of visualization of face, upper and lower extremities, hand, and foot increased with advancing gestation. The free loop of the umbilical cord was depicted in most cases. The number of depictions of abdominal cord insertion, midgut herniation, and yolk sac decreased with the increase of gestation. Genitals could not be identified in the first trimester. The ability to view some surface anatomical structures (face, hand, and foot) was better with three-dimensional ultrasonography than with two-dimensional ultrasonography. Three-dimensional ultrasonography provides a novel means for visualization of surface anatomical structures of the embryo and early fetus. These results suggest that three-dimensional ultrasonography can become an important modality in future embryological and early fetal research and in detection of embryonic and fetal developmental disorders in the first trimester of pregnancy.      

Aspects chirurgicaux de la segmentation des veines hépatiques basés sur la veinographie hépatique

Conclusion Nous pensons que nous devons clairement préciser non seulement la distribution des branches de la v. porte, mais aussi celle des v. hépatiques drainant une tumeur afin de faciliter au mieux la résection hépatique à réaliser tout en conservant un maximum de parenchyme fonctionnel. Lorsqu'un segment doit être réséqué, il est nécessaire d'étudier la morphologie des veines et de leurs branches par phlébographie hépatique préopératoire afin de bien préciser les limites de la résection en fonction du siège de la tumeur.     

Vascular anatomy of the pancreaticoduodenal region: A review

Vascular anatomy of the pancreaticoduodenal region has been the subject of numerous studies. However, several essential areas of confusion remain in interpretation of the vascular configuration. We note and discuss three key points in relation to this confusion: (1) a missing vascular arcade, (2) a rearrangement of the arcade by collateral and/or transverse vessels, and (3) a solitary vessel without an accompanying comites vein or artery. In addition, we consider that different interpretations as well as varying reported incidences depend on different "thresholds" when observations are made. Consideration of new aspects of vascular anatomy of the pancreaticoduodenal region is required for further improvement of surgical procedures. In terms of the selection of lymph node resection procedure, we discuss mainly the inferior arterial origin. Special attention should be paid to the ligation of inferior arteries because of the high incidence of the common trunk formation of the upper jejunal and inferior pancreaticoduodenal arteries. With regard to duodenum-preserving pancreatic head resection for benign tumors, our observations are introduced in view of either arterial or venous configuration. First, a communicating artery between the anterior and posterior arterial arcades is noted because of its possible critical role in blood supply to the papilla of Vater. Second, a venous drainage route from the duodenum to the retroperitoneal space in "normal" specimens is described. Received for publication on June 17, 1998; accepted on July 27, 1998     

Major organ function under mechanical support: comparative studies of pulsatile and nonpulsatile circulation

We examined a major organ function during 3 h biventricular assisted circulation after acute myocardial infarction model in the pig. In left ventricular circulation, the outflow cannula was placed in the ascending aorta and an inflow cannula through the mitral valve in the left ventricle. A pump (pulsatile group, Zeon Medical, Inc., Tokyo, Japan and nonpulsatile group, Nikkiso HPM-15, Nikkiso, Inc., Tokyo, Japan) was connected to each cannula. In right ventricular circulation, the outflow cannula was placed in the pulmonary artery and an inflow cannula in the right ventricle. The right ventricular circulation was supported by a nonpulsatile pump (Nikkiso HPM-15). The items measured were the regional blood flows of the cortex and medulla in the kidney, white matter and gray mater in brain, and liver; renal arterial flow; carotid arterial flow; portal vein flow; common hepatic arterial flow; arterial ketone body ratio (AKBR); and lactate/pyrubic acid (L/P). In the pulsatile group, the renal cortical blood flow increased, and the medulla blood flow decreased. On the other hand, in the nonpulsatile group, both regional blood flows decreased. That means that in the pulsatile assisted group intrarenal redistribution improved rather than in the nonpulsatile assisted group. In addition the liver regional blood flow, AKBR, and L/P showed significant differences between the pulsatile and nonpulsatile groups. On the other hand, the white matter and gray matter regional blood flows and carotid arterial flow did not show significant differences between the groups. The results of our study indicated that pulsatile circulation produced superior circulation in the kidney and liver, and microcirculation on the cell level was superior as well in early treatment of acute heart failure.     

The interactions of bromocriptine and lergotrile with dopamine and α-adrenergic receptors

Summary Bromocriptine and lergotrile, which are clinically used as antiparkinsonian (AP) agents, compete for the binding of H³-dopamine, H³-apomorphine, and H³-haloperidol to striatal membrane sites. Lergotrile has a higher affinity for the H³-dopamine binding to bovine striatal membranes than bromocriptine. Lergotrile and bromocriptine are almost equipotent in competing for the binding of H³-apomorphine to rat striatal membranes, but bromocriptine is more potent in competing for the binding of H³-haloperidol than lergotrile. These results indicate that lergotrile and bromocriptine are mixed putative agonist-antagonist with respect to the postsynaptic dopamine receptors. Lergotrile and bromcriptine at higher concentrations inhibit synaptosomal tyrosine hydroxylase activity, and reverse the apomorphine elicited enzyme inhibition. Thus, these ergot alkaloids behave as mixed agonist-antagonist also with respect to the presynaptic dopamine receptors. Bromocriptine and lergotrile, as well as other tested DH-ergot alkaloids and neuroleptics, compete for the binding of the-antagonist H³-WB-4101 to rat cerebral cortical membranes. The displacing potencies of the tested DH-ergot alkaloids and of the neuroleptics indicate that they have a high affinity for the-adrenoreceptors in the CNS.     

An angiogenesis inhibitor E7820 shows broad-spectrum tumor growth inhibition in a xenograft model: possible value of integrin alpha2 on platelets as a biological marker.

We reported previously that an angiogenesis inhibitor, E7820, inhibits in vitro tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cell through the suppression of integrin alpha2 expression. Here we describe the antiangiogenic and antitumor effects of E7820 in mice and discuss the feasibility of using platelet integrin alpha2 expression on platelets as a biological marker of the efficacy of E7820. Oral administration of E7820 significantly inhibited basic fibroblast growth factor-induced angiogenesis in Matrigel implants and human colon WiDr tumor-induced angiogenesis in a dorsal air sac model. Twice-daily treatment with E7820 clearly inhibited the s.c. tumor growth of seven tumor cell lines derived from human colon, breast, pancreas, and kidney, and completely suppressed the growth of human pancreatic KP-1 and human colon LoVo cell lines. Moreover, E7820 significantly inhibited the growth of KP-1 and human colon tumor Colo320DM cells orthotopically implanted in the pancreas and cecum, respectively. The efficacy of E7820 was comparable in the s.c. and orthotopic transplantation models. Immunohistochemical analyses using anti-CD31 antibody showed that E7820 significantly reduced microvessel density in orthotopically implanted KP-1 tumor. E7820 reduced integrin alpha2 expression on a megakaryocytic cell line, Dami cells, induced by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate treatment. It also decreased the expression level of integrin alpha2 on platelets withdrawn from mice bearing s.c. KP-1 tumor at a dosage close to that affording antitumor activity. These data demonstrate that E7820 showed a broad-spectrum antitumor effect in mice through inhibition of angiogenesis and indicate that the decrease of integrin alpha2 on platelets might serve as a biological marker for the antitumor efficacy of E7820.     

Altered expression of amyloid precursors proteins after traumatic brain injury in rats: in situ hybridization and immunohistochemical study

The expression of alternatively spliced mRNAs for amyloid precursor protein (APP) isoforms and their translation products were examined in the rat cerebral cortex 1, 3, 6, and 12 h and 1, 3, and 7 days (n = 4-5 in each group) after fluid-percussion brain injury. In situ hybridization studies demonstrated that the expression of APP695 mRNA decreased in and around the damaged area of the cerebral cortex exposed to fluid-percussion injury 1 h after the insult. On the other hand, APP751/770 mRNAs were increased in the regions surrounding the damaged cortical areas 1 day after the injury. An increase of immunoreactive APP was detected in the regions around the damaged cortical areas 3 h after traumatic injury and maintained for the following 3 days. The APP immunoreactivity in the damaged cortices declined to the level of sham-operated animals by post-experimental day 7. Using an anti-amyloid beta (Abeta) protein (17-24) antibody, no deposits of immunoreactive Abeta (17-24) were observed in any of the samples examined in these experiments. These results suggest that the induction of Kunitz-type protease inhibitor (KPI) domain-containing APP mRNAs and the increased accumulation of APP are involved in the physiological and neuropathological responses of brains under various neurodegenerative conditions, including head trauma.     

Feasibility of transperineal prostate biopsy under interventional magnetic resonance guidance

A patient, who was not suited for ultrasound-guided biopsy, was biopsied in an interventional magnetic resonance unit at Brigham and Women's Hospital. Real-time magnetic resonance imaging provided verification of placement before tissue samples were taken. This technique successfully sampled tissue from the prostate and led to a diagnosis of cancer.