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181.
182.
Abdullah Mahmud-Al-Rafat Abdul Muktadir Hasneen Muktadir Mahbubul Karim Arpan Maheshwari Mohammad Mainul Ahasan 《Infection》2018,46(1):15-24
Background
Rotavirus is the major cause of gastroenteritis in children throughout the world. Every year, a large number of children aged < 5 years die from rotavirus-related diarrhoeal diseases. Though these infections are vaccine-preventable, the vast majority of children in low-income countries suffer from the infection. The situation leads to severe economic loss and constitutes a major public health problem.Methods
We searched electronic databases including PubMed and Google scholar using the following words: “features of rotavirus,” “epidemiology of rotavirus,” “rotavirus serotypes,” “rotavirus in Bangladesh,” “disease burden of rotavirus,” “rotavirus vaccine,” “low efficacy of rotavirus vaccine,” “inactivated rotavirus vaccine”. Publications until July 2017 have been considered for this work.Results and conclusion
Currently, two live attenuated vaccines are available throughout the world. Many countries have included rotavirus vaccines in national immunization program to reduce the disease burden. However, due to low efficacy of the available vaccines, satisfactory outcome has not yet been achieved in developing countries such as Bangladesh. Poor economic, public health, treatment, and sanitation status of the low-income countries necessitate the need for the most effective rotavirus vaccines. Therefore, the present scenario demands the development of a highly effective rotavirus vaccine. In this regard, inactivated rotavirus vaccine concept holds much promise for reducing the current disease burden. Recent advancements in developing an inactivated rotavirus vaccine indicate a significant progress towards disease prophylaxis and control.183.
A case of osteoblastoma of the spine in a sixty year old female is presented. These lesions usually get misdiagnosed as tuberculosis or malignancy of the spine. Salient diagnostic features have been discussed. 相似文献
184.
Eleven batches of Adsorbed Diphtheria-Tetanus (DT) vaccines and thirteen batches of Adsorbed Diphtheria-Pertussis-Tetanus (DTP) vaccines were tested for the potency of diphtheria and tetanus components by an Antibody Induction Method (AIM) developed in mice. The potency results obtained were found comparable and did not show any statistically significant difference with those obtained by WHO recommended lethal challenge tests for diphtheria in guinea pigs and for tetanus in mice. AIM in mice is more economical as both diphtheria and tetanus components of combined vaccine can be tested in the same experiment and the procedure also eliminates the use of guinea pigs required in the lethal challenge/conventional tests. The data obtained while testing tetanus component by the conventional antibody induction (IP) method in guinea pigs suggests that minimum requirements laid down in i.p. is too low which may be fixed as at least 3 out of 9 guinea pig sera and should contain > or = 4 units of tetanus antitoxin per ml. 相似文献
185.
Adenovirus-based products are being developed for human use as vaccine constructs and gene therapy vehicles. In order to operate by cGMP guidelines and to address biosafety concerns, it is imperative to ensure that adequate decontamination procedures are implemented in adenovirus manufacturing facilities. Liquid decontamination procedures based on heat treatment are relatively easy to employ in a manufacturing setting. In this study, we have conducted small-scale experiments to determine the effectiveness of thermal inactivation procedures on adenovirus type 5. We have determined the robustness of the assays used to measure sample potency with regard to different sample matrices and adenovirus constructs. Greater than eight logs of reduction in adenovirus type 5 potency may be obtained upon exposure of the sample to temperatures greater than 70 degrees C and times longer than 20 min. 相似文献
186.
Dean C. Perfetti Morad Chughtai Matthew R. Boylan Qais Naziri Aditya V. Maheshwari Michael A. Mont 《The Journal of arthroplasty》2017,32(10):3152-3156
Background
Atrial septal defect (ASD) and patent foramen ovale (PFO) are 2 of the most common congenital heart diseases in adults and pose important risks of perioperative acute ischemic stroke (AIS) from paradoxical emboli. We evaluated the following: (1) the prevalence of ASD/PFO in the total hip arthroplasty (THA) population; (2) the rate of perioperative AIS during index admissions; and (3) the risk for perioperative AIS after THA for patients with ASD/PFO vs matched controls.Methods
We identified 393,652 patients in the Nationwide Inpatient Sample who underwent THA between January 1, 2007, and December 31, 2013. The International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification diagnosis codes were used to identify patients with ASD/PFO and perioperative AIS. Propensity scores matched 252 patients with ASD/PFO to 756 controls (3:1 ratio) without ASD/PFO according to age, gender, race, Deyo comorbidity score, year of surgery, and stroke risk factors. Logistic regression models assessed risk for perioperative AIS.Results
The prevalence of ASD/PFO was 64 per 100,000 THA patients. The rate of perioperative AIS was 99 per 100,000 THA in the general THA population. The rate of perioperative AIS was 7.14% for ASD/PFO patients compared with 0.26% in matched controls (P < .001). Risk for perioperative AIS was 29 times greater for patients with ASD/PFO compared with matched controls (odds ratio, 29.00; 95% confidence interval, 6.68-125.89; P < .001).Conclusion
Patients with ASD/PFO undergoing THA are at a significantly higher risk of perioperative AIS. Orthopedic surgeons should discuss this risk with patients before surgery. The efficacy of mechanical and pharmacologic thromboprophylactic measures to reduce perioperative AIS among ASD/PFO patients warrants further investigation. 相似文献187.
Purpose
In the present investigation, we prepared and evaluated the paclitaxel loaded riboflavin and thiamine conjugated multi walled carbon nanotubes (PTX-Rf-MWCNTs and PTX-Tm-MWCNTs) for targeted delivery to cancer employing MCF-7 cancer cell lines.Methods
The developed conjugates were characterized using FTIR, NMR spectroscopy, electron microscopy drug loading, release, stability, hemolytic, ex vivo and in vivo studies etc.Results
The percent entrapment efficiency was found to be 87.92?±?0.48 and 82.75?±?0.47% of PTX-Tm-MWCNTs, PTX-Rf-MWCNTs, respectively. The percent hemolysis of purified MWCNTs, PTX-MWCNTs, PTX-Tm-MWCNTs and PTX-Rf-MWCNTs was found to be 20.49?±?0.97, 37.39?±?0.78, 14.61?±?0.84 and 11.17?±?0.77% respectively. The PTX-Tm-MWCNTs and PTX-Rf-MWCNTs showed more cytotoxic effect as compared to PTX and PTX-MWCNTs with PTX-Rf-MWCNTs exhibiting the maximum cytotoxic potential.Conclusion
Thus in final outcome, we concluded that the riboflavin and thiamine conjugated MWCNTs shown great promising potential in the treatment of cancer, but more exhaustive data is needed in future.188.
P Seth H Mani A K Singh K K Banaudha S Madhavan G S Sidhu J P Gaddipati S N Vogel R K Maheshwari 《The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene》1999,61(2):180-186
Antimalarial drugs are widely used in malaria endemic areas, both for chemoprophylaxis and also empirically to treat patients presenting with fever. Previously, we have reported that chloroquine enhances the severity of Semliki forest virus (SFV) and encephalomyocarditis virus infection. The studies presented herein show that a broad spectrum of antimalarial drugs augmented the replication of SFV in mice, concomitant with greater tissue damage and up-regulation of mRNA levels of various inflammatory cytokine genes, including interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), II-1alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-12p40, and interferon-gamma inducing factor. Furthermore, chloroquine enhances IL-1Ra production in RAW cells in vitro. Since IL-1Ra is known to be up-regulated in a number of viral infections, we propose that a further enhancement of its expression by antimalarials may be responsible for the increased severity of viral infection in our studies. Thus, the widespread use of antimalarials in malaria-endemic areas may predispose the population to viral infections. Further studies are in progress to delineate mechanism(s) involved in cytokine up-regulation and acceleration of viral replication. 相似文献
189.
Single coronary artery complicating stent implantation for homograft stenosis in tetralogy of Fallot
Sunita Maheshwari Elchanan Bruckheimer Rodrigo A. Nehgme John T. Fahey Dipak Kholwadwala William E. Hellenbrand 《Catheterization and cardiovascular interventions》1997,42(4):405-407
Successful stent implantation for conduit stenosis has been described; however, this procedure may be complicated by compression of adjacent structures during expansion. We report on a rare case of a single right coronary artery system complicating stent implantation for relief of homograft stenosis in tetralogy of Fallot. Cathet. Cardiovasc. Diagn. 42:405–407, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc. 相似文献
190.