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11.
Amyn A. Malik Neel R. Gandhi Timothy L. Lash Lisa M. Cranmer Saad B. Omer Junaid F. Ahmed Sara Siddiqui Farhana Amanullah Aamir J. Khan Salmaan Keshavjee Hamidah Hussain Mercedes C. Becerra 《Emerging infectious diseases》2021,27(3):805
In Karachi, Pakistan, a South Asian megacity with a high prevalence of tuberculosis (TB) and low HIV prevalence, we assessed the effectiveness of fluoroquinolone-based preventive therapy for drug-resistant (DR) TB exposure. During February 2016–March 2017, high-risk household contacts of DR TB patients began a 6-month course of preventive therapy with a fluoroquinolone-based, 2-drug regimen. We assessed effectiveness in this cohort by comparing the rate and risk for TB disease over 2 years to the rates and risks reported in the literature. Of 172 participants, TB occurred in 2 persons over 336 person-years of observation. TB disease incidence rate observed in the cohort was 6.0/1,000 person-years. The incidence rate ratio ranged from 0.29 (95% CI 0.04–1.3) to 0.50 (95% CI 0.06–2.8), with a pooled estimate of 0.35 (95% CI 0.14–0.87). Overall, fluoroquinolone-based preventive therapy for DR TB exposure reduced risk for TB disease by 65%. 相似文献
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Joyce K. Edmonds Amber Weiseth Brandon J. Neal Samuel R. Woodbury Kate Miller Vivenne Souter Neel T. Shah 《Health services research》2021,56(2):204
ObjectiveTo examine the variability in the cesarean delivery (CD) rates of individual labor and delivery nurses compared with physicians at three attribution time points.Data SourcesMedical record data from nine hospitals in Washington State from January 2016 through September 2018.Study DesignRetrospective, observational cohort design using an aggregated database of birth records.Data Collection/Extraction MethodsChart‐abstracted clinical data from a subset of nulliparous, term, singleton, vertex births attributed at admission, labor management, and delivery to nurses and physicians. Two classification methods were used to categorize nurse‐ and physician‐level CD rates at three attribution time points and the reliability of these methods compared.Principal FindingsThe sample included 12 556 births, 319 nurses, and 126 physicians. Overall, variation in nurse‐level CD rates did not differ significantly across the three attribution time points, and the extent of variation was similar to that observed in physicians. However, agreement between attribution time points varied between 35 percent and 65 percent when classifying individual nurses into the top and bottom deciles. The average reliability of nurse‐level CD rates was 32 percent at admission (IQR 22.0 percent to 38.7 percent), 32.6 percent at labor (IQR 23.1 percent to 40.9 percent), and 29.3 percent (IQR 20.9 percent to 35.8 percent) at delivery. The average reliability of physician‐level CD rates was higher: 54.2 percent (IQR 38.7 percent to 71.4 percent) at admission, 62.5 percent (IQR 49.0 percent to 79.6 percent) at labor management, and 66.1 percent (IQR 53.7 percent to 81.2 percent) at delivery.ConclusionFeedback on nurse‐level CD rates as part of routine clinical quality audits can provide insight into nurse performance in the context of other individual‐level and unit‐level information. To reliably distinguish individual nurse performance, larger sample sizes are needed. 相似文献
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B Guiberteau M Kohen L Borde J Y Sartre J C Bourseau J C Le Neel 《Journal de chirurgie》1992,129(10):420-425
Management of abdominal wounds is presently the subject of discussion between the partisans of routine laparotomy and those preferring "armed" surveillance. Results of study of a series of 176 abdominal wounds subjected to surgical dogma showed: that the diagnosis of non penetrating wounds (17.6%) was not always evident, due either to their anatomical localization (frontier region wounds) or to insufficient local exploration in urgent cases (6.6% of false-negatives), that the existence of serious clinical signs (50 cases) was always associated with one or more visceral lesions, requiring urgent laparotomy with a morbidity of 20% and a mortality of 8% (4 cases), that in the case of asymptomatic penetrating wounds (96 cases), routine laparotomy did nevertheless allow the diagnosis of visceral lesions in 50 cases (including 23 major lesions) but was of no utility in 46 cases (31.5% of blind laparotomies for the total series). The elevated proportion of useless laparotomies (30% in the literature), the result of a dogmatic attitude, or the risk of a delayed intervention (5 to 8%) in the series practising the selective method, led to a modification in the authors' attitude. The existence of serious signs should obviously result in a laparotomy. In their absence, and when confronted with a penetrating or doubtful (frontier region) wound, an exploratory celioscopy is proposed to ensure complete abdominal exploration, to confirm the presence or absence of penetration, to treat minimal lesions and to perform a classical laparotomy in case of evident necessity. 相似文献
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Matthew P. Caley Helen King Neel Shah Kai Wang Mercedes Rodriguez-Teja Julian H. Gronau Jonathan Waxman Justin Sturge 《Clinical & experimental metastasis》2016,33(2):151-165
The diverse composition and structure of extracellular matrix (ECM) interfaces encountered by tumor cells at secondary tissue sites can influence metastatic progression. Extensive in vitro and in vivo data has confirmed that metastasizing tumor cells can adopt different migratory modes in response to their microenvironment. Here we present a model that uses human stromal cell-derived matrices to demonstrate that plasticity in tumor cell movement is controlled by the tumor-associated collagen receptor Endo180 (CD280, CLEC13E, KIAA0709, MRC2, TEM9, uPARAP) and the crosslinking of collagen fibers by stromal-derived lysyl oxidase (LOX). Human osteoblast-derived and fibroblast-derived ECM supported a rounded ‘amoeboid-like’ mode of cell migration and enhanced Endo180 expression in three prostate cancer cell lines (PC3, VCaP, DU145). Genetic silencing of Endo180 reverted PC3 cells from their rounded mode of migration towards a bipolar ‘mesenchymal-like’ mode of migration and blocked their translocation on human fibroblast-derived and osteoblast-derived matrices. The concomitant decrease in PC3 cell migration and increase in Endo180 expression induced by stromal LOX inhibition indicates that the Endo180-dependent rounded mode of prostate cancer cell migration requires ECM crosslinking. In conclusion, this study introduces a realistic in vitro model for the study of metastatic prostate cancer cell plasticity and pinpoints the cooperation between tumor-associated Endo180 and the stiff microenvironment imposed by stromal-derived LOX as a potential target for limiting metastatic progression in prostate cancer. 相似文献
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Foot problems in diabetics most often arise from vascular disease, neuropathy, or infection, which may be especially persistent and difficult to treat. A sensible program of foot care may help reduce the need for amputation. Recommended measures include daily inspection, comfortable footwear, and proper management of corns and ingrown toenails. 相似文献
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