白背叶中一个新的异戊烯基二氢黄酮

目的对大戟科植物白背叶Mallotusapelta的叶进行化学成分研究。方法原料的乙醇浸出物,用各种柱色谱进行分离和纯化,所得化合物以理化性质和波谱数据进行鉴定。结果分得5个化合物,分别鉴定为蒲公英赛醇(Ⅰ)、β-谷甾醇(Ⅱ)、5,7-二羟基-6-异戊烯基-4′-甲氧基二氢黄酮(Ⅲ)、洋芹素(Ⅳ)、洋芹素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(Ⅴ)。结论化合物为新化合物,命名为白背叶素(mallotusin),化合物Ⅰ、Ⅲ-Ⅴ为首次从白背叶中分得。关键词:白背叶;蒲公英赛醇;5,7-二羟基-6-异戊烯基-4′-甲氧基二氢黄酮;洋芹素;洋芹素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷     

磁共振弥散加权成像对胃癌淋巴结转移的诊断价值

目的探讨术前磁共振弥散加权成像（DWI）对胃癌淋巴结转移的诊断价值。方法对2011年12月至2012年12月间南京大学医学院附属鼓楼医院收治的52例胃癌患者进行磁共振DWI检查．对应术中标记的淋巴结,分别测量淋巴结的表观扩散系数（ADC）值及短径,并与术后病理结果相对照。采用受试者工作特征曲线（ROC）评价ADC值及短径对胃癌淋巴结转移的诊断价值。结果DWI检测到转移性淋巴结180枚,非转移性淋巴结57枚,均为高信号。DWI上转移性淋巴结ADC值明显低于非转移性淋巴结[（1．059±0．196）×10^-3mm2／s比（1．402±0．285）×10^-3mm2／s,P=0．000];以1．189×10^-3mm2／s作为ADC值评估转移性淋巴结的最佳阈值,其敏感度、特异度和曲线下面积（AUC）分别为78．9％、72．8％和0．840,其对术前N分期诊断的总体准确率为75．0％（39／52）。DWI上转移性淋巴结短径明显长于非转移性淋巴结[（8．08±3．99）mm比（6．75±2．70）mm,P=0．005];以5．05mm作为淋巴结短径评估转移性淋巴结的最佳阈值时,其敏感度、特异度和AUC分别为88．3％、29．8％和0．602,其对术前N分期诊断的总体准确率为67．3％（35／52）。结论磁共振DWI对胃癌淋巴结转移具有较高的诊断价值,以ADC值及淋巴结短径作为诊断标准可用于术前N分期的诊断。     

PPH治疗重度脱垂痔97例临床观察

为观察吻合器痔上黏膜环切钉合术（PPH）治疗重度脱垂痔的临床效果，回顾性分析PPH治疗重度脱垂痔97例的临床资料。结果显示，97例中．内痔脱出、嵌顿、出血、便秘等症状消失。术后随访3～12个月，无复发，无肛门狭窄、大便失禁等并发症。结果表明，PPH治疗重度脱垂痔疗效确切、安全，具有手术与住院时间短．愈合快，痛苦小。不易复发等优点。     

体外共培养hBMSCs和HUVECs对Panc-1胰腺癌细胞上皮间质转化的影响

目的:利用三维共培养技术体外构建含多种细胞的胰腺癌微组织,研究骨髓间充质干细胞(hBMSCs)、内皮细胞(HUVECs)对Panc-1胰腺癌细胞上皮间质转化的影响。方法:水凝胶复合细胞培养构建三维胰腺癌微组织模型。第一组:单纯Panc-1细胞;第二组:Panc-1细胞复合HUVECs;第三组:Panc-1细胞复合hBMSCs;第四组:Panc-1细胞复合HUVECs和hBMSCs。实时定量PCR分析胰腺癌肿瘤侵袭相关的基质金属蛋白酶(MMP-9)、肿瘤上皮间质化E-cadherin和Snail基因。Western blot测定胰腺癌肿瘤侵袭相关的MMP-9、肿瘤上皮间质化E-cadherin和Snail蛋白。结果:HUVECs共培养不影响MMP-9、E-cadherin和Snail基因和蛋白的表达(P>0.05),hBMSCs共培养促进MMP-9和Snail基因和蛋白的表达、抑制E-cadherin基因和蛋白的表达(P<0.05),同时加入两种细胞促进MMP-9和Snail基因和蛋白的表达、抑制E-cadherin基因和蛋白的表达(P<0.05)。结论:利用水凝胶为载体,加入骨髓间充质干细胞、内皮细胞与Panc-1胰腺癌细胞共培养,成功构建复杂的胰腺癌肿瘤微组织。通过对胰腺癌上皮间质转化相关机制研究,发现骨髓间充质干细胞通过调节MMP-9和上皮间质化对胰腺癌的侵袭行为起重要作用。     

Predictors and outcomes of jejunostomy tube placement at the time of pancreatoduodenectomy

BackgroundClinically relevant postoperative pancreatic fistula and delayed gastric emptying cause substantial morbidity after pancreatoduodenectomy. Per international guidelines, the placement of jejunostomy tubes may be considered for patients at risk for malnutrition, such as those with a high risk for clinically relevant postoperative pancreatic fistula and related complications. This study determined predictors and postoperative outcomes of jejunostomy tube placement.MethodsPatients undergoing pancreatoduodenectomy in 2014 to 2015 were identified using the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program and Procedure-Targeted Pancreatectomy Participant Use Files. Multivariable logistic regressions were used to identify factors associated with concurrent jejunostomy tube placement and postoperative outcomes.ResultsOf 3,600 patients, 8.9% underwent jejunostomy tube placement. Patients given a jejunostomy tube were more likely white (odds ratio 1.46, P = .016), to have low preoperative serum albumin levels (odds ratio 2.13, P < .001), to have received neoadjuvant radiotherapy (odds ratio 2.14, P < .001), and to have received an intraoperative transfusion (odds ratio 1.50, P = .004). We observed no association between jejunostomy tube placement and an increasing number of risk factors for clinically relevant postoperative pancreatic fistula (P = .96) or delayed gastric emptying (P = .54). Overall, jejunostomy tube placement was associated with increased morbidity (odds ratio 1.34, P = .020) and duration of stay (P < .001), but not mortality (P = .12). Among patients with low serum albumin or those who developed clinically relevant postoperative pancreatic fistula or delayed gastric emptying, jejunostomy tube utilization was not associated with morbidity or mortality.ConclusionJejunostomy tube placement during pancreatoduodenectomy was not driven by risk factors for clinically relevant postoperative pancreatic fistula or delayed gastric emptying, suggesting that practice patterns play a role. Among patients with at-risk preoperative albumin or who developed these complications, jejunostomy tube placement was not associated with worse outcomes, supporting selective utilization per guideline recommendations.     

Lactiplantibacillus plantarum-12 Alleviates Inflammation and Colon Cancer Symptoms in AOM/DSS-Treated Mice through Modulating the Intestinal Microbiome and Metabolome

In our previous research, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum-12 alleviated inflammation in dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced mice by regulating intestinal microbiota and preventing colon shortening (p < 0.05). The purpose of the present study was to evaluate whether L. plantarum-12 could ameliorate the colon cancer symptoms of azoxymethane (AOM)/DSS-treated C57BL/6 mice. The results showed that L. plantarum-12 alleviated colonic shortening (from 7.43 ± 0.15 to 8.23 ± 0.25) and weight loss (from 25.92 ± 0.21 to 27.75 ± 0.88) in AOM/DSS-treated mice. L. plantarum-12 oral administration down-regulated pro-inflammatory factors TNF-α (from 350.41 ± 15.80 to 247.72 ± 21.91), IL-8 (from 322.19 ± 11.83 to 226.08 ± 22.06), and IL-1β (111.43 ± 8.14 to 56.90 ± 2.70) levels and up-regulated anti-inflammatory factor IL-10 (from 126.08 ± 24.92 to 275.89 ± 21.87) level of AOM/DSS-treated mice. L. plantarum-12 oral administration restored the intestinal microbiota dysbiosis of the AOM/DSS treated mice by up-regulating beneficial Muribaculaceae, Lactobacillaceae, and Bifidobacteriaceae levels and down-regulating pathogenic Proteobacteria, Desulfovibrionaceae, and Erysipelotrichaceae levels. As a result, the fecal metabolites of the AOM/DSS-treated mice were altered, including xanthosine, uridine, 3,4-methylenesebacic acid, 3-hydroxytetradecanedioic acid, 4-hydroxyhexanoylglycine, beta-leucine, and glycitein, by L. plantarum-12 oral administration. Furthermore, L. plantarum-12 oral administration significantly ameliorated the colon injury of the AOM/DSS-treated mice by enhancing colonic tight junction protein level and promoting tumor cells death via down-regulating PCNA (proliferating cell nuclear antigen) and up-regulating pro-apoptotic Bax. (p < 0.05). Taken together, L. plantarum-12 oral administration could ameliorate the colon cancer burden and inflammation of AOM-DSS-treated C57BL/6 mice through regulating the intestinal microbiota, manipulating fecal metabolites, enhancing colon barrier function, and inhibiting NF-κB signaling. These results suggest that L. plantarum-12 might be an excellent probiotic candidate for the prevention of colon cancer.     

Underlying mechanisms of saphenous vein graft stenosis after coronary artery bypass caused by clipping of the side branches: an experimental study

BackgroundSaphenous veins are regular bypass conduits selected in non-left anterior descending artery (LAD) coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. Despite the technical errors, acute thrombosis, intimal hyperplasia and arteriosclerosis which could lead to saphenous vein graft (SVG) failure, the metal-clipping-related SVG failure is unique and rare. This study was conducted to investigate the clinical and underlying mechanisms of the metal-clipping-related SVG failure.MethodsWe collected 6 typical cases of the metal-clipping-related SVG failure in 41 patients who were diagnosed graft stenosis by coronary angiograph after CABG in the Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, from January 2020 to September 2021. Furthermore, we built an in vitro model to verify the identical intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) pattern of metal clip.ResultsThere were 6 in 41 cases of SVG stenosis caused by clipping of the side branches. We found that the stenosis of SVG caused by metal clipping mostly occurred at the corner and multipole clipping points. In this situation, great resistance could be felt when pushing the instruments through the stenosis and crystallized cholesterol was rarely caught by the distal protection device. We verified the similar IVUS pattern of metal clip at the side-branches of SVG in vitro.ConclusionsThe metal-clipping-related stenosis may lead to SVG failure. The stenosis of SVG caused by metal clipping mostly occurred at the corner and multipole clipping points. IVUS showed great modality for clarification.     

首次和重复经桡动脉冠状动脉介入术后桡动脉无鞘区急慢性损伤的光学相干断层成像比较

目的 利用光学相干断层成像（optical coherence tomography,OCT）对经皮桡动脉冠状动脉介入（transradial intervention,TRI）术后桡动脉无鞘区（non-sheathed radial artery,NSRA）急慢性损伤进行评估。方法 2016年2月至2017年9月有162例患者在OCT指导下完成TRI后对NSRA进行OCT检查,根据患者有无TRI史分为重复TRI组（n=31）和首次TRI组（n=131）,对比两组急性损伤（内膜撕裂、夹层、穿孔、血栓和痉挛）发生率和慢性损伤指标差异,包括内膜面积、管腔狭窄率（percentage of lumen narrowing,% LN）、血管内膜与中膜厚度比值（intima-media ratio,IMR）和内膜厚度指数（intimal thickness index,ITI）。结果 NSRA急性损伤发生率为31.5%,重复TRI组患者NSRA总体急性损伤发生率明显高于首次TRI组（48.4% vs 27.5%,P=0.032）,内膜撕裂（6.5% vs 5.3%,P=1.000）、夹层（9.7% vs 1.5%,P=0.075）、穿孔（3.2% vs 1.5%,P=1.000）、血栓（12.9% vs 6.9%,P=0.457）及痉挛（29.0% vs 16.0%,P=0.094）的发生率两组差异无统计学意义。重复TRI组患者内膜面积（0.59 mm² vs 0.46 mm²,P=0.011）、IMR（0.40 vs 0.28,P=0.001）和ITI（0.27 vs 0.22,P=0.012）明显大于首次TRI组,而% LN差异无统计学意义（31.70% vs 30.81%,P=0.244）。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,重复TRI是NSRA急性损伤发生的独立危险因素（OR=2.772,95%CI：1.053~7.301,P=0.039）。结论 TRI术后NSRA急性损伤发生率为31.5%,与首次TRI组相比,重复TRI组NSRA急性损伤发生率更高且慢性内膜增生显著,重复TRI是NSRA急性损伤发生的独立危险因素。     

黄刺虫囊水提取液催眠、抗惊厥、镇痛作用的研究

黄刺虫囊(Cnidocampa flavescens)水提取液,有明显的对抗戊四氮的惊厥作用和促进硫喷妥钠阈下催眠剂量的催眠作用。给小白鼠皮下注射黄刺虫囊水提取液后,用扭体法、电尾刺激法,热板法等方法观察了结果,有一定的镇痛作用。     

细胞生物学双语教学初探

介绍了在《细胞生物学》课中开展双语教学的一些做法与体会 ,从与双语教学密切相关的授课类型 ,教材的选择与利用 ,语言环境的营造 ,教学方法的选择 ,有效考核机制的建立等几个方面进行了探索