The activation pathways and changes in the endocrine function of the testes evoked by the effect of the presence of the female

It has been shown on male mice of A/He strain that the presence of a receptive female placed behind a network partition in a cage with a male mouse caused a sharp rise on the 20-40th min. of the blood level of testosterone resulting from appropriate changes in testicular biosynthetic capacity. This rise of the level of testosterone in the male blood is realized via the transadenohypophyseal route because the antagonist of LH-RH receptor completely blocks this effect. A conclusion has been made that the activating effect of the presence of a receptive female on the blood level of testosterone is realized with the involvement of LH-RH receptors via the transadenohypophyseal route.     

Effect of various factors on the lungs after operations with non-perfusion hypothermia]

Correction of the acquired defect of the mitral valve was performed in 89 patients on the open heart under conditions of nonperfusion hypothermia. Roentgenological assessment of the lung state was used in the postoperative period. Typical morphofunctional alterations were detected after operations under conditions of nonperfusion hypothermia. It was found that the increased volume of +blood transfusions more than 19 ml/kg of the patient's body weight was followed by a reliably increased frequency and degree of ++roentgenological symptoms of injuries of the lungs.     

Effect of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 envelope glycoprotein gp160 on cytokine production from cord-blood T cells

We have recently demonstrated that the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) envelope glycoprotein gp160 enhances the in vitro differentiation of hematopoietic myeloid progenitor cells derived from cord blood by inducing secretion of colony-stimulating factor(s) (CSF) in T cells, presumably through the interaction of gp160 with CD4 molecules. In this study, we investigated the gp 160-induced humoral CSFs in cord blood by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and by polymerase chain reaction on reverse-transcribed mRNA (RT-PCR). We demonstrate that gp160 can induce interleukin (IL)-3, IL-6, and granulocyte-macrophage CSF (GM-CSF) protein secretion only in purified cord-blood T cells (CB-T) and not in detectable amounts in whole cord blood cells (WCB); cytokine mRNA induction occurred in purified CB-T and WCB, but was significantly greater in the former. Treatment of gp160 with soluble CD4 (sCD4) abolished the secretion of all three cytokines in CB-T cells, which suggests that interaction of gp160 with CD4 molecules is required for the secretion of these cytokines from CB- T cells. However, in WCB cells, sCD4 treatment of gp160 resulted in inhibition of only IL-3 and GM-CSF mRNA, whereas IL-6 secretion was enhanced. Purified cord-blood monocytes secreted only IL-6 in response to gp160, and the gp160-induced IL-6 secretion by monocytes was also further increased by gp160 + sCD4 complex. Furthermore, monocyte culture supernatants suppressed gp160-induced IL-3 secretion from CB-T cells. These findings indicate that (1) CB-T cells are a potent source of gp160-induced hematopoietic cytokines, and (2) that different mechanisms are involved in the induction of IL-6 by gp160 in the T- and non-T-cell fractions of cord blood. The ability of HIV gp160 to induce hematopoietic CSFs in cord blood may be important in HIV pathogenesis.     

Comparative evaluation of the efficacy of pre- and intraoperative reserving of autoblood in surgical treatment of ischemic heart disease and while using a Cell Saver

A prospective investigation included 142 patients who had undergone operations of coronary bypass under conditions of extracorporeal circulation for ischemic heart disease. Two methods of taking blood were used: one day before operation and at the beginning of operation. The transfusion of autoblood was performed after cessation of the extracorporeal circulation. Cell saver was used during operations on all the patients. The preoperative reserving of autoblood promoted the greater degree of hemodilution (both during extracorporeal circulation and at the early postoperative period). The intraoperative reserving of autoblood led to saving higher indices of content of hemoglobin, number of erythrocytes and hematokrit index at the early postoperative period. However, when using the cell saver, the method of reserving blood (7-8 ml/kg of body mass) was of no substantial influence on the frequency of using the allogenic blood.