Synthesis and antiaggregant activity of 8-amino-substituted 1-alkyl-3-methyl-7- (thietanyl-3)xanthines

A series of 8-amino-substituted 1-alkyl-3-methyl-7-(thietanyl-3)xanthines have been synthesized using 1-ethyl-, 1-propyl-, and 1-hexyl-8-bromo-3-methyl-7-(thietanyl-3)xanthines and various reactants including monoethanolamine, tris-amine, and piperazine. The target 8-amino-substituted 1-alkyl-3-methyl-7- (thietanyl-3)xanthines were obtained in 54 – 88% yields. The structures of the synthesized compounds were determined using IR spectroscopy and PMR spectrometry. Most of the synthesized compounds exhibit antiaggregant activity.     

Radiation and epidemiological analysis for solid cancer incidence among nuclear workers who participated in recovery operations following the accident at the Chernobyl NPP

This paper discusses the results of the analysis of the relationship between dose and solid cancer incidence among nuclear workers (males) who worked as liquidators after the Chernobyl accident. Information on this cohort of individuals is available at the regional center of Russian National Medical and Dosimetric Registry operating at the RF State Research Centre-Institute of Biophysics. Medical and dosimetric information on 8,654 persons 18-60 years of age with documented external radiation doses is used for the analysis. These data were gathered in the period from 1996 to 2001 and cover a total of 45,166.5 follow-up person-years. In the cohort under study, 179 solid cancers occurred during this period. The average age of liquidators at the time of exposure was 35.8 years, and the average dose as a result of the Chernobyl exposure was about 0.05 Sv. For an analysis of the dose-effect relationship (induction of radiation-induced malignant neoplasms) the statistical software EPICURE was used. The results of the analysis show that the cancer incidence in this cohort does not exceed cancer incidence in relevant age groups of the Russian population. The mean value of SIR for all cancer diseases was 0.88 (0.76, 1.02, 95% CI) for the whole period of follow-up. Risks for the induction of radiation-related cancer diseases were not statistically meaningful. Excess relative risk per 1 Sv was 0.95 (-1.52, 4.49, 95% CI).     

Oxygen transport and hemodynamic reactions in ischemic heart disease patients when reserving and reinfusing massive volumes of autoblood

The prospective randomized investigation was carried out in 61 patients with ischemic heart disease who were subjected to planned operations of coronary shunting under conditions of extracorporeal circulation. In the first group of patients autoblood as much as 24% of the calculated circulating blood volume (CBV) was reserved at the stage of isolation of the mammary artery, before systemic heparinization. The volume of the reserved blood of the patients of the second group was about 12% of CBV. It was shown that the reserving and reinfusion of massive (about 24% of CBV) volumes of autoblood in surgical treatment of ischemic heart disease under conditions of extracorporeal circulation failed to cause a substantial change of indices of central hemodynamics as compared to the reserving and reinfusion of autoblood in volume of about 12% of CBV.     

Hypothalamic tryptophan hydroxylase and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical response to water deprivation and hydration in vasopressin-deficient and normal rats

The effects of water deprivation and hydration on plasma corticosterone concentration and the activity of tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH), the rate-limiting enzyme in serotonin (5-HT) biosynthesis, in the hypothalamus of vasopressin- (AVP-) deficient homozygous Brattleboro and normal Wistar rats were studied. In the Wistar rats, water deprivation caused an increase in the TPH activity in the anterior and middle (infundibular) parts of the hypothalamus, while hydration did not affect the activity of the enzyme in the anterior hypothalamus but produced an increase in its middle part. In contrast, in the Brattleboro rats, water deprivation had no effect on TPH activity in the anterior and middle parts of the hypothalamus but hydration produced a decrease in TPH activity in the anterior hypothalamus. After 48 h of water deprivation, the plasma corticosterone concentration significantly increased in water-deprived and decreased in hydrated Wistar rats. Under water deprivation, the rise in corticosterone concentration in the homozygous Brattleboro rats was significantly greater than that in the Wistar rats. The data provide evidence that the CRH-like activity of AVP is not necessary for activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system induced by water deprivation. The observations show that AVP is involved in the activation of TPH induced by water deprivation. This suggests that AVP modulates the metabolism of 5-HT and the response of the 5-HT-ergic system to water deprivation.     

The efficacy of the surgical hemostasis of a chest wall wound during operations on the "dry" heart under perfusion-free deep hypothermia

The methods for reducing the blood loss by means of enhancing the effectiveness of the technique of surgical hemostasis of a thoracic wall wound--the main source of blood loss in operations on "dry" heart under conditions of perfusion-free hypothermia (27-26 degrees C) are considered. Minimal traumatization of the soft tissues of the thoracic wall and adhesions during thoracotomy performance and early wound closure with simultaneous warming of a patient contributes to 2-3 fold reduction in blood loss and shortening of the time of operation by 40-60 min.     

Movement of the blood and changes in its electrical conductivity

Summary The electroconductivity of the blood changes with its flowing. This rise in the electroconductivity of citrated and defibrinated blood, as well as in the erythrocyte suspension follows the same law. The curves of the changes in electroconductivity of citrated and defibrinated blood, as well as of the erythrocyte suspension follows the same law. The curves of the changes in electroconductivity of these fluids differ only quantitatively. Blood plasma, as well as other ionic and colloidal solutions and hemolyzed blood do not change their resistance in flowing. The change of blood electroconductivity is caused by the presence of erythrocytes, the carriers of a negative charge, the value of which depends on their surface. The change in the electroconductivity depends on the frequency of the passed current, the number of erythrocytes in the blood, the protein colloidal and ionic content of the blood plasma. The change in the blood electroconductivity characterizes the velocity of blood flow in the vessels and may also denote the value of the charge of erythrocytes. The phenomenon of the change of the blood electroconductivity should be taken into consideration in analyzing the data obtained by the method of electroplethysmography.Presented by Active Member of the AMN SSSR P. S. Kupalov     

Effect of corticosteroid imbalance on the catecholamine system of the fetal rat brain

Laboratory of Genetic Bases of Neuroendocrine Regulation, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Novosibirsk. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR V. P. Kaznacheev.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 112, No. 10, pp. 353–355, October, 1991.     

Non surgical management of pseudoaneurysms

Background: The incidence of pseudoaneurysm has increased due to the large number of vascular procedures performed and the widespread use of anticoagulation therapy during procedures. Non-invasive methods for management of pseudoaneurysms comprise of ultrasound guided compression (USGC), thrombin therapy, arterial embolisation and endovascular stent graft insertion. We discuss our experience in the management of fourteen cases of pseudoaneurysms using non surgical techniques.