Cytokine expression and endothelial cell and lymphocyte activation in human cardiac allograft rejection: an immunohistochemical study of endomyocardial biopsy samples.

We used monoclonal antibodies and immunohistochemical staining of frozen tissue sections to study the expression of cytokines in human cardiac allograft rejection. The 113 endomyocardial biopsy samples were stained for interleukin (IL)-2, IL-6, and interferon-gamma. The findings were compared to expression of the endothelial cell adhesion molecule ICAM-1, and the lymphocyte receptor for the adhesion molecule VCAM-1, VLA-4. Four biopsy samples from patients with idiopathic cardiomyopathy served as controls. IL-2 was not expressed in lymphocytes of controls and only occasionally in mild or moderate cellular rejection, humoral rejection, and Quilty lesions. IL-2 expression was prominent in severe cellular rejection. Interferon-gamma expression increased in proportion to the severity of cellular rejection and was not expressed in other conditions. IL-6 staining, which was only observed in occasional cases, was mild. Cytokine and adhesion molecule expression tended to increase with the severity of cellular rejection. This study shows that cytokine expression can be documented in human allograft endomyocardial biopsy samples with immunohistochemical techniques. The findings support the concept of an important role for cytokines in human cardiac allograft rejection.     

组织黏合剂闭合血管影响因素的血液流变学研究

目的通过血液流变学研究组织黏合剂N-丁基-2-氰丙烯酸盐在模拟血管中的实际行为，分析影响其闭合血管的主要因素，找到发挥作用的最佳条件。方法利用聚四氟乙烯管建立血流模拟装置，分别研究血管直径、血流速度以及组织黏合剂配比浓度这三个因素对组织黏合剂闭合血管的影响。结果组织黏合剂与碘油1：1配比混合物1．0ml快速注射至聚四氟乙烯管内可以完全阻塞血流速度15cm／s、直径0．4cm的以及血流速度10cm／s且直径0．6cm的血流。当管腔直径增加至0．8cm或血流速度加快为20cm／s时，血流只是部分闭塞。改变组织黏合剂与碘油配比为0．5：0．8以及0．5：1．0，则注射后聚合体断裂成碎片状。结论实验验证了随着血管直径增大、血流速度加快及配比浓度降低，组织黏合剂闭合血管的效应下降，以供临床定量参考。     

Monitoring the protective effects of minocycline treatment with radiolabeled annexin V in an experimental model of focal cerebral ischemia.

Minocycline is an antibiotic now recognized to have antiapoptotic and antiinflammatory properties. Because of these properties, minocycline may be of benefit in reducing neuronal apoptosis from ischemia and subsequent postischemic inflammation if administered soon after a stroke. We now explore the feasibility of using (99m)Tc-annexin V, an in vivo marker of apoptosis, with SPECT to monitor the antiapoptotic effects of minocycline therapy. METHODS: CB6/F1 adult male mice underwent unilateral distal middle cerebral artery occlusion (dMCA) occlusion and were imaged and sacrificed at 1, 3, 7, or 30 d after injury. Animals were given minocycline (or vehicle) 30 min and 12 h after dMCA occlusion and then given 22.5 mg/kg twice daily for up to 7 d. Before imaging, behavioral tests were performed to evaluate the neurologic function. After imaging, brains were collected for histology and assessed for the degree of apoptosis and microglial activation. RESULTS: (99m)Tc-Annexin V uptake in injured hemispheres was significantly decreased 2- to 3-fold by minocycline at all time points. Minocyline reduced infarct size as seen histologically and improved behavioral indices as late as 30 d. Infarct volume as seen histologically correlated with radiolabeled annexin V uptake seen by SPECT. In situ fluorescent microscopy demonstrated that annexin V bound primarily to neurons at 1 and 3 d, with a shift toward microglia by 7 and 30 d. CONCLUSION: We found that minocycline significantly reduces neuronal apoptosis and infarct size and improves neurologic outcome in mice after acute focal cortical ischemia.     

短肠综合征患者血清瓜氨酸水平与小肠吸收面积和功能的相关性

目的研究短肠综合征患者血清瓜氨酸水平的变化及其与肠道面积及吸收功能的相关性。方法采用高效液相色谱法测定22例短肠患者（短肠组）和33例健康人（对照组）血清瓜氨酸水平。短肠患者残存小肠长度及直径采用X线造影检测，并测定短肠患者尿D-木糖排泄率和肠道蛋白吸收度。分析短肠患者血清瓜氨酸与残存小肠长度、面积、蛋白及D-木糖吸收的相关性。6例行肠康复治疗的患者测定康复治疗前后瓜氨酸、D-木糖及蛋白吸收水平的变化。结果短肠组血清瓜氨酸水平显著低于健康对照组[（5．94±2．65）比（16．87±5．97）μmol／L，P〈0．01]。短肠组患者血清瓜氨酸水平与残存小肠长度（r=0.82）及表面积（r=0.86）呈正相关，与尿D-木糖排泄（r=0.56）及肠道蛋白吸收（r=0.48）也呈正相关。6例行肠康复治疗的患者治疗后血清瓜氨酸水平、蛋白及D-木糖吸收均显著增加，但3者增加百分比之间并无相关。结论血清瓜氨酸水平与短肠患者的小肠吸收面积和吸收功能呈正相关，能反映短肠患者小肠功能和衰竭程度，是康复疗效的良好指标。     

多层螺旋CT增强扫描及三维重建对乳腺肿块诊断价值

目的探讨多层螺旋CT增强扫描及三维重建技术对乳腺肿块的显示及在诊断中的应用价值。方法收集临床病理证实乳腺肿块48例,GElightspeed16层CT增强扫描及多平面重建(MPR)、最大强度投影(MIP)、容积重建法(VR)。结果48例乳腺肿块中纤维腺瘤,乳腺增生病变和恶性组平扫CT平均值分别为18.23±5.2HU,21.24±7.24HU和25.65±9.43HU(P>0.05),增强后△CT值分别为23.22±8.7HU,22.33±5.5HU和35.36±15.07HU(P<0.01);良性病灶△CT值均<35HU,乳腺癌△CT值>35HU。三维重建28例乳腺癌病例。48例乳腺肿块中,28例乳腺癌表现为形态不规则,密度不均匀,边界不清肿块14例,10例显示肿块周围水肿环,肿块邻近皮肤水肿6例,乳头内陷、导管增粗6例,8例肿块胸肌相连,腋下恶性淋巴结显示12例,6例同时显示胸小肌后淋巴结,1例显示锁骨上淋巴结肿大。结论多层螺旋CT增强扫描及二维、三维重建不仅对乳腺肿块增强前后CT值变化鉴别良恶性,而且对其内部结构、周围组织之间关系显示更为直接,可全方位对乳腺周围淋巴及其组织结构进行影像学观察。     

PCR-SSCP法检测结核分枝杆菌耐药性

目的：探讨耐多药结核分枝杆菌耐药基因突变与耐药性的关系以及聚合酶链反应-单链构象多态性分析(poly merase chain reaction-single strand cinfomlation polymorphism，PCR-SSCP)方法的临床应用价值。方法：用PCR-SSCP方法检测58株结核分枝杆菌临床分离株katG，rpoB，rpsL基因突变并与常规药敏试验检测结果进行对比。结果：经常规药敏试验检测，58株结核分枝杆菌临床分离株中共有41株耐药，其中，耐异烟肼(INH)为35株，高耐药株27株；耐利福平(RFP)为31株，高耐药株24株；耐链霉素(SM)有31株，高耐药株26株。同时耐3种药物的有21株(51．2％)，耐2种药物的14株(34．1％)，单耐药株6株(14．6％)．PCR-SSCP方法对58株临床分离株katG，rpoB，rpsL基因突变的检测率为40％(23／58)，45％(26／58)，38％(22／58)，其中检出3个基因同时突变的有13株(32％)，2种基因突变的12株(29％)，1种基因突变的有10株(23．8％)．常规药敏试验与PCR-SSCP法检出结核分枝杆菌同时耐3种药物的符合率为61．9％(13／21)，检出耐2种药物的符合率为85．70k，(12／14)，检出耐1种药物的符合率为50％(3／6)．高耐药株中突变率为80．5％(62／77)，低耐药株中突变率为60％(12／20)．结论：PCR-SS-CP方法对耐2种以上药物的结核杆菌检出率较高，且耐药基因突变率随着耐药浓度增高而增高。将PCR-SSCP法与药敏试验联合应用可互相弥补，已成为临床指导用药的好方法。     

一株产新型大环内酯抗生素海洋解淀粉芽孢杆菌的分离鉴定

Objective To perform taxonomic studies on a novel macrolactin-producing gram-positive bacterial strain MS1721 isolated from the mud at a depth of 30 m in the East China Sea. Methods Taxonomic studies were conducted based on the phenotypic and BIOLOG analysis, 16S rDNA gene sequencing and blast analysis, and fatty acid components analysis. The antibacterial activity of macrolactin S was determined by evaluation models established in our lab. Results MS1721 strain displayed high similarity with genus Bacillus in similarity values between 97%～99%, in which the nearest neighbor was Bacillus amyloliquefaciens with the similarity value of 99.6%. The predominant fatty acid component was 15:1 iso H/13:0 3OH. Conclusions MS1721 strain belongs to the genus Bacillus, and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens MS1721 was proposed as the name for this strain on the basis of the taxonomic data. The second metabolite-macrolactin s produced by this strain exhibited obvious antibacterial activity.     

主动脉手术围术期脑损伤监测指标的变化及其临床意义

目的监测主动脉手术围术期脑损伤指标的变化分析，探讨其在主动脉外科中应用的临床意义。方法30例主动脉手术病例，男23例，女7例，平均年龄43.7岁，深低温停循环下行主动脉弓部替换术22例，全胸降主动脉或胸腹主动脉替换术8例。术后出现暂时性神经系统功能紊乱（transient neurological dysfunction，TND）者8例（并发症组）；余22例无脑部并发症（非并发症组）。均于术前及术后72h内监测颅内压（intracranial pressure，ICP）并检测脑脊液（cerebral spinal fluid，CSF）乳酸及S100β的含量。结果两组ICP分别于术后24 h及12 h达峰值，并发症组于术后24～72 h显著高于非并发症组（P〈0.05）；两组CSF乳酸峰值分别出现于术后12 h及6 h，并发症组于术后12～72 h显著高于非并发症组（P〈0.05）；两组CSF中S100β均于术后12 h达到峰值，且组间72 h内各值均有显著差别（P〈0.05）。结论主动脉手术围术期ICP、CSF乳酸及S100β的异常升高与术后脑部并发症的发生有显著相关性，都是围术期敏感而可靠的脑损伤监测指标，具有较高的临床应用价值。     

保罗样激酶基因沉默体外抑制胶质瘤细胞侵袭与生长

目的观察保罗样激酶1基因(plk1)沉默对胶质瘤细胞株-H4体外生长的抑制作用,探讨plk1基因作为胶质瘤治疗靶点的可行性。方法化学合成小片断干扰RNA(siRNA)抑制plk1基因的表达,Western blot检测plk1蛋白质的表达变化,流式细胞仪检测H4细胞周期分布及凋亡程度的变化,体外侵袭实验检测H4细胞侵袭能力的变化,MTT法检测H4细胞增殖速度的变化。结果经siRNA作用48h后,plk1蛋白质水平明显降低;较多的H4细胞聚集于G2/M期附近(P<0.05);细胞凋亡明显上升(P<0.05);细胞体外侵袭能力下降(P<0.05);增殖速度明显缓于对照组(P< 0.05)。结论靶向plk1的siRNA可在体外抑制胶质瘤细胞H4的侵袭与增殖,plk1有可能成为新的潜在胶质瘤治疗靶点。     

腹腔镜下处理输卵管积水对体外受精胚胎移植结局的影响

目的探讨腹腔镜下处理输卵管积水对体外受精胚胎移植(in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer, IVF-ET)结局的影响.方法 2002～2005年在我院行IVF-ET伴输卵管积水的53例分3个研究组:①未处理组17例,仅行IVF-ET,未对积水进行处理;②直接切除组17例,行IVF-ET术前在腹腔镜下处理输卵管积水;③失败后切除组19例,IVF-ET失败后腹腔镜下处理输卵管积水后再行IVF-ET.结果未处理组新鲜移植周期妊娠率15.8%(3/19),解冻周期妊娠率10.5%(2/19),平均周期妊娠率13.2%(5/38),累积活胎率17.6%(3/17);直接切除组分别为36.8%(7/19),23.1%(3/13),30.3%(10/32),41.7%(8/17);失败后切除组分别为16.7%(2/12),58.3%(14/24),44.4%(16/36),73.7%(14/19).失败后切除组的解冻周期妊娠率、平均周期妊娠率及累积活胎率均高于未处理组(χ2＝10.374,P＝0.001;χ2＝8.903,P＝0.003;χ2＝11.305,P＝0.001),直接切除组平均周期妊娠率及累积活胎率呈高于未处理组的趋势(χ2＝3.377,P＝0.066;χ2＝3.360,P＝0.067).结论输卵管积水降低IVF-ET的妊娠率,妊娠结局不良,腹腔镜下处理输卵管积水后再行IVF-ET提高妊娠率,获得良好的妊娠结局.