新生儿脐带血红细胞相关参数及血红蛋白电泳结果分析

目的 了解梧州市新生儿α-珠蛋白生成障碍性贫血(简称地贫)的发生率,明确新生儿脐带血红细胞相关参数在筛查α-地贫中的意义.方法 选择2018年8月至2019年8月在梧州市中医医院出生的696例新生儿作为研究对象,对新生儿脐带血行血红蛋白(Hb)电泳和血常规检测,对区带进行扫描分析.根据电泳结果将其分为Hb Bart's阳性组和电泳正常组,分析Hb Bart's阳性组新生儿红细胞相关参数变化特点,采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析各参数对α-地贫的诊断效能.结果 696例脐带血标本中共检出Hb Bart's阳性标本72例,其中男44例,女28例,阳性率为10.34％;静止型14例,阳性率为2.01％,标准型57例,阳性率为8.19％,中间型1例,阳性率为0.14％.Hb Bart's阳性组红细胞各相关参数与电泳正常组相比,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),其中Hb Bart's阳性组新生儿脐带血红细胞计数(RBC)、红细胞分布宽度变异系数(RDW-CV)、红细胞计数与血红蛋白比值(RBC/Hb)、红细胞计数与红细胞平均体积比值(RBC/MCV)高于电泳正常组,而Hb、红细胞平均体积(MCV)、平均血红蛋白含量(MCH)、平均血红蛋白浓度(MCHC)、红细胞分布宽度标准差(RDW-SD)低于电泳正常组.ROC曲线分析显示,各参数用于诊断α-地贫的曲线下面积为MCH>RBC/Hb>MCV>RDW-SD>RBC/MCV>MCHC.当RBC/MCV为4.7418时,其诊断α-地贫的灵敏度为79.2％,特异度为84.8％,当RBC/Hb为3.2013时,其诊断α-地贫的灵敏度为86.1％,特异度为96.3％.结论 以脐带血红细胞相关参数作为α-地贫筛查指标,具有准确、经济、便捷的特点,能及早地为α-地贫基因携带患儿立卡建档,降低α-地贫基因携带者成年后相互婚配导致重症地贫患儿出生的概率.     

放射工作人员淋巴细胞微核异常影响因素的病例对照研究

目的 探讨广州市放射工作人员淋巴细胞微核异常的发生率及其影响因素。方法 采用1：1配对病例对照研究,将2014年1月1日~12月31日,在某中心进行职业健康检查的1050名放射工作人员中淋巴细胞微核率≥ 6‰者,共24例作为病例组,按同单位、同性别、年龄相差±5岁进行配对,淋巴细胞微核率正常的放射工作人员,共24例作为对照组。根据《放射工作人员职业健康检查表》收集研究对象的一般基线情况、电离辐射接触情况、混杂因素的接触情况及体检项目指标,使用单因素和多因素条件logistic回归分析方法分析淋巴细胞微核异常的影响因素。结果 广州市放射工作人员淋巴细胞微核异常发生率为2.29%,单因素和多因素条件logistic回归有统计学意义的变量为吸烟/被动吸烟情况（OR=3.667）。结论 广州市放射工作人员淋巴细胞微核异常情况属正常,其中吸烟/被动吸烟情况是淋巴细胞微核率异常的可能危险因素。     

The FLK2/FLT3 ligand synergizes with interleukin-7 in promoting stromal- cell-independent expansion and differentiation of human fetal pro-B cells in vitro

The effects of a novel cytokine FLK2/FLT3 ligand (FL) on human fetal bone marrow-derived CD34+CD19+ pro-B cells were analyzed in a stromal- cell-independent, serum-deprived culture system. FL, like interleukin-3 (IL-3), synergized with IL-7 in promoting pro-B cell growth, and differentiation of these cells into CD34-CD19+clgM+slgM- pre-B cells, whereas a small proportion of these cells even differentiate into more mature slgM+ B cells. In contrast, KIT ligand (KL) and granulocyte- macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) were ineffective in promoting IL-7-dependent pro-B cell growth and differentiation. Maximal levels of pro-B cell expansion, generally resulting in 15- to 30-fold increases in cellularity, were obtained in cultures supplemented with optimal doses of FL + IL-7 + IL-3. The addition of mouse bone marrow stromal cells further enhanced the proliferation and differentiation of pro-B cells obtained in the presence of these three cytokines. Under these conditions, cultures could be maintained for more than 4 weeks, and in general 40- to 50-fold increases in cell numbers were observed by 3 weeks of culture. The percentages of clgM+ and slgM+ B cells increased 1.5- to 3-fold and 2-fold, respectively, suggesting that stromal cells may provide additional costimulatory signals for human B- cell growth and differentiation that are different from IL-7, IL-3, and FL. Collectively, our results indicate that FL, in contrast to KL, strongly promotes long-term expansion and differentiation of human pro- B cells in the presence of IL-7 or in combination of IL-7 and IL-3, which is a novel property of this hematopoietic growth factor.     

三维适形加量放疗联合化疗治疗非小细胞肺癌的临床观察

目的：观察常规分割放疗基础上行三维适形加量放疗并联合化疗治疗非小细胞肺癌的可行性及疗效。方法：将68例Ⅱ～Ⅲ期非小细胞肺癌患者先予NP方案化疗（盖诺40mg，静脉注入，d1、d8；DDP40mg，静脉滴入，d1～d3）。鳞癌化疗1个周期，其他类型肺癌化疗2个周期。放射治疗的前半程为常规分割2Gy／次，剂量40Gy／20次后改用三维适形加量放疗5Gy／次，每次间隔1～2d，剂量30Oy／6次。锁骨上有淋巴结转移者采用6MVX线加电子线常规分割放疗至总量Dτ 60Gy。放射治疗结束后根据患者情况再追加化疗2～4个周期。结果：68例患者全部完成治疗计划，其中肺原发灶完全缓解（CR）12例，部分缓解（PR）49例，稳定无进展（NR）7例，总有效率为84．7％。Ⅰ～Ⅱs级急性放射性食管炎64％，Ⅲ级急性放射性食管炎5％，急性放射性气管炎、肺炎35％，急性胃肠道反应64％，治疗期间白细胞下降的发生率100％，升白治疗有效。后期毒副反应主要是放射性肺纤维化38％。1、2年生存率分别为71．2％和52％，1、2年局控率为85％和71％。结论：在常规分割放疗基础上行三维适形加量放疗并联合化疗治疗非小细胞肺癌有较好的近期疗效，毒副反应可耐受，值得进一步观察和推广。     

膀胱癌的MRI诊断价值

目的:总结膀胱癌的MRI征象,探讨MRI对膀胱癌分期的作用及鉴别诊断要点。方法:对探讨经手术与病理证实23例膀胱癌的MRI回顾性对比分析。其中男性,19例,女性,4例,年龄50~90岁,平均年龄70岁。18例行MRI增强检查。结果:膀胱三角区及膀胱后侧壁是最常见好发部位,表现为膀胱壁突向腔内肿块和(或)膀胱壁局限性不规则增厚;肿瘤平扫T1WI等或略高信号,T2WI呈高信号,Gd-DTPA动态增强早期肿块显著强化。根椐肿瘤生长方式可分为:①小结节型,②广基肿块型,③浸润型。MRI对膀胱癌定位、定性诊断正确率分别为95.7%(22/23)、91.3%(21/23);术前MRI诊断与TNM分期符合率为82.3%(19/23),MRI较病理分期偏高。结论:膀胱癌的MRI表现具有独特性。T1加权主要用于肿瘤的定性诊断,T2加权主要用于肿瘤的术前分期;MRI检查多方位、多序列成像,是显示膀胱癌最理想的检查方法。     

Beneficial effect of donepezil on obstructive sleep apnea: a double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial

Introduction/objectivesPrevious publications have shown beneficial effects of cholinergic medication on obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients. We hypothesized that cholinergic medication could also improve OSA in non-AD patients. The present study evaluated the effects of donepezil on OSA in non-AD patients.MethodsA randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted. The final sample consisted of 21 male patients with mild to severe OSA and AHI >10 divided into two groups, a donepezil-treated group (n = 11) and a placebo-treated group (n = 10). The dosage was one tablet/day (5 mg) for the first two weeks and two tablets/day (10 mg) for the last two weeks. Polysomnography and sleepiness evaluations were performed at baseline and after one month of treatment. Groups were compared using two-way ANOVA for repeated measures with treatment–group and treatment–time as the main factors and time–treatment as an interaction effect.ResultsConsidering the effect of the interaction with time–treatment, there was a significant improvement in the obstructive apnea/hypopnea index, desaturation index, percentage of time with O₂ saturation ?3% lower than baseline, lowest oxygen saturation, and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) scores with donepezil treatment (p < 0.05). Sleep efficiency significantly decreased (p < 0.01).ConclusionsDonepezil treatment improved obstructive sleep apnea index, oxygen saturation, and sleepiness in parallel with a reduction in sleep efficiency. Our findings support the concept that cholinergic transmission may influence breathing regulation in OSA patients.     

多药耐药肺炎克雷伯菌碳青霉烯酶及整合子检测与分析

目的了解新疆维吾尔自治区多药耐药肺炎克雷伯菌碳青霉烯酶和整合子分布,为有效控制医院感染提供重要依据。方法收集2010年5月-2011年12月医院各种标本5 208份,使用VITEK-2Compact系统进行菌株的鉴定和药敏试验,对14株肺炎克雷伯菌进行改良Hodge试验,亚胺培南-EDTA协同试验,使用PCR技术检测blaNDM、blaIMP、blaIMI、blaVIM、blaGES、blaKPC、Ⅰ^Ⅲ类整合酶及整合子可变区,并测序明确基因型。结果 14株肺炎克雷伯菌对阿米卡星和妥布霉素的耐药率均为71.42%,对亚胺培南和美罗培南及其他抗菌药物的耐药率均为100.00%;14株多药耐药肺炎克雷伯菌改良Hodge试验有13株表现为阳性,阳性率92.86%;亚胺培南-EDTA纸条法协同试验检测均表现为阴性;PCR检测多药耐药肺炎克雷伯菌均携带KPC-2基因和Ⅰ类整合子;7株整合子可变区扩增出dfrA12-aadA2基因。结论新疆维吾尔自治区发现的多药耐药肺炎克雷伯菌携带KPC-2基因和Ⅰ类整合子,耐药机制与KPC-2和Ⅰ类整合子有关。     

罗格列酮通过抑制RANKL及p-ERK活化抑制类风湿关节炎破骨细胞的分化及功能

目的:探讨罗格列酮(RSG)对类风湿关节炎(RA)成纤维样滑膜细胞(FLS)介导的破骨细胞(Oc)分化及功能的影响及其可能机制。方法:活动期RA患者滑膜体外分离培养FLS,与健康人外周血单核细胞(MNC)共培养,不同浓度RSG(0、5、10和15μmol/L)干预,抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶(TRAP)染色鉴定Oc并计数;甲苯胺蓝染色和图像分析系统计算骨吸收陷窝面积;Real-time PCR检测共培养体系RANKL和OPG的mRNA表达,Western blot检测RANKL、OPG、p-ERK、p-p38和p-JNK的蛋白含量。结果:与不加RSG组比较,15μmol/L RSG干预后Oc的数量明显减少(P0.01),骨吸收陷窝面积也减少(P0.05);共培养体系RANKL的mRNA及蛋白表达明显降低,OPG的mRNA及蛋白表达明显升高(P0.01);p-ERK的蛋白含量明显降低(P0.05),p-p38及p-JNK的蛋白含量则不受影响。结论:RSG通过抑制RANKL及p-ERK活化影响RA关节微环境中组织细胞与免疫细胞的相互作用,从而抑制Oc分化及骨吸收功能。     

2006—2008年佛山市医疗机构消毒监测情况

目的了解佛山市医疗机构消毒质量,探讨影响医疗机构消毒质量的原因,提出改进消毒质量的科学依据。方法依照《一次性使用卫生用品卫生标准》（GB 15979—2002）对分析2006—2008年佛山市各级各类医疗机构消毒监测结果进行卫生质量分析与评价。结果2006—2008年共监测样本16 212份,合格率为92.88%;2006、2007和2008年合格率分别为92.88%、93.23%和91.28%,各年份合格率比较,差异有统计学意义（χ2=16.40,P〈0.01）;市、区和镇以下医疗机构样本合格率分别为96.74%、93.40%和91.58%,合格率比较,差异有统计学意义（χ2=15.20,P〈0.01）。结论该市医疗机构消毒监测合格率较高,某些项目监测合格率偏低,仍应针对具体情加强监督管理。     

Chronic coffee and caffeine ingestion effects on the cognitive function and antioxidant system of rat brains

Coffee is a popular beverage consumed worldwide and its effect on health protection has been well studied throughout literature. This study investigates the effect of chronic coffee and caffeine ingestion on cognitive behavior and the antioxidant system of rat brains. The paradigms of open field and object recognition were used to assess locomotor and exploratory activities, as well as learning and memory. The antioxidant system was evaluated by determining the activities of glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), as well as the lipid peroxidation and reduced glutathione content. Five groups of male rats were fed for approximately 80 days with different diets: control diet (CD), fed a control diet; 3% coffee diet (3%Co) and 6% coffee diet (6%Co), both fed a diet containing brewed coffee; 0.04% caffeine diet (0.04%Ca) and 0.08% caffeine diet (0.08%Ca), both fed a control diet supplemented with caffeine. The estimated caffeine intake was approximately 20 and 40 mg/kg per day, for the 3%Co-0.04%Ca and 6%Co-0.08%Ca treatments, respectively. At 90 days of life, the animals were subjected to the behavioral tasks and then sacrificed. The results indicated that the intake of coffee, similar to caffeine, improved long-term memory when tested with object recognition; however, this was not accompanied by an increase in locomotor and exploratory activities. In addition, chronic coffee and caffeine ingestion reduced the lipid peroxidation of brain membranes and increased the concentration of reduced-glutathione. The activities of the GR and SOD were similarly increased, but no change in GPx activity could be observed. Thus, besides improving cognitive function, our data show that chronic coffee consumption modulates the endogenous antioxidant system in the brain. Therefore, chronic coffee ingestion, through the protection of the antioxidant system, may play an important role in preventing age-associated decline in the cognitive function.