胸腰段脊椎爆裂骨折的CT诊断(附70例分析)

目的 研究胸腰段脊椎爆裂骨折的CT表现和椎体后缘的后移碎骨片引起椎管狭窄与神经损伤之间的关系。资料与方法 回顾性分析70例72个椎体爆裂骨折的CT表现，其中有2例为2个脊椎爆裂骨折。所有患者CT扫描层厚、层距均为5mm。结果 脊椎胸腰段爆裂骨折的CT表现如下：（1）椎体向心性爆裂；（2）碎骨片向后移位导致椎管狭窄；（3）椎基静脉孔垂直矢状向骨折；（4）单侧或双侧椎板骨折；（5）部分伴随横突、棘突、关节突和／或椎体骨折。椎管狭窄和程度与神经损伤有关。结论 CT扫描能很好地显示脊椎爆裂骨折和椎管狭窄的程度，是诊断胸腰椎爆裂骨折的重要方法，并对帮助制订治疗方案起着重要作用。     

Prevalence of dental trauma in patients with cerebral palsy

This study presents the findings of a record review that evaluated the prevalence of dental trauma in patients with cerebral palsy and evaluated its possible relationship with age, type of palsy, and epilepsy. The dental records of 2,200 patients with special needs admitted to the special care clinic of the School of Dentistry of Araçatuba/UNESP, Brazil, between 1998 and 2003 were reviewed. Of the records that were analyzed, 500 patients who had cerebral palsy were selected for this study. Information regarding age, gender, type of palsy and dental trauma was collected and statistically analyzed. It was observed that 10.6% of the subjects (n = 53) had sustained dental trauma. The number of traumatized teeth was 84. Enamel or enamel/dentin fractures were the most frequent types of traumatic injury (84.9%). The permanent maxillary central incisors were the most commonly affected teeth (50%). The frequency of traumatic injuries showed no significant correlation (p> .05) with the type of cerebral palsy or gender and they were more frequent in subjects between the ages of 0 and 12 years. Having epilepsy was not a statistically significant risk factor (p> .05) for dental trauma.     

Analysis of independent risk factors for death among pediatric patients with candidemia and a central venous catheter in place.

OBJECTIVE: To use multivariate analysis to determine risk factors for death among pediatric patients with candidemia and a central venous catheter in place. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study conducted at Santa Casa Complexo Hospitalar, a 1,200-bed teaching hospital in southern Brazil. METHODS: All cases of candidemia in pediatric patients (age, 相似文献   

CT多窗技术的探讨及临床应用

目的 探讨CT图像的双窗及多窗技术，推广三维CT成像叠加技术的综合应用。资料与方法 抽取螺旋CT常规扫描下的正常颅脑、颅脑外伤、肺肿瘤、脊柱骨折及眼眶肿瘤图像资料各1例，将其原始图像传输至工作站，通过调整阈值，进行图像的分割与叠加，将几种CT值相差较大的组织在同一窗口中显示，即多窗技术。结果 上述CT图像既能用双窗或多窗在轴位上同时显示，也能在矢状、冠状等方位同时显示，但以轴位多窗图像最好。结论 利用三维CT图像的切割叠加技术而成的多窗CT图像，是一种不同于以往CT机预设的新显示方法，能快速准确显示病变的形态、大小、位置及与周围结构的关系，快捷地为临床治疗方案的制订提供参考，也为CT影像技术提供一种新思路。     

Paracoccidioidomycosis manifesting as oral lesions: clinical, cytological and serological investigation

Paracoccidioidomycosis (South American blastomycosis) is a systemic mycosis which can he associated with oral lesions. This study on a group of 14 patients showed oral lesions mainly on the gingival or alveolar mucosa with pulmonary involvement detectable on chest radiography in most. Microscopic detection of the fungus on a direct smear showed positive results in all 14 patients. Serological investigations including immunodiffusion, counterimmunoelectrophoresis and immunoblot were also positive in 100% of cases. The results suggest that direct smear together with serology may obviate the need for lesional biopsy for the diagnosis of oral Paracoccidioidomycosis.     

d-Cycloserine Blocks the Effects of Ethanol and HA-966 in Rats Tested in the Elevated Plus-Maze

Previous studies from our laboratory have shown gender-related behavior in rats tested in the elevated plus-maze under the influence of ethanol and other drugs. The present study investigated the effects of pretreatment with the NMDA-receptor partial agonist at the glycine site d -cycloserine (DCS; doses 3 to 9 mg/kg for females; 3 to 12 mg/kg for males, intraperitoneally) on the effects of ethanol (1.2 g/kg, ip; 14% w/v) and (±)-3-amino-1-hydroxy-2-pyrrolidone (HA-966; 2 or 4 mg/kg, ip), an antagonist at the glycine site of the NMDA receptor complex in rats submitted to the elevated plus-maze test. The results showed that DCS, at doses that did not affect the behavior of control animals, significantly ( p < 0.05) prevented the increase in the percentage of open-arm entries and the time spent in the open arms of elevated plus-maze test induced by ethanol, exhibiting a U-shaped dose-response curve. Similarly, DCS blocked the anxiolytic effects of HA-966 in animals of both gender. Data confirm our previous results, suggesting that the NMDA-receptor system contributes significantly to the anxiolytic effect of ethanol. Furthermore, the similarity between the blockade by DCS of anxiolysis induced either by ethanol or by HA-966 strengthens the suggestion that ethanol acts on the glycine site of the NMDA receptor complex.     

冠脉造影后心肌血流灌注成像的价值探讨

目的:为探讨冠脉造影后心肌血流灌注成像(MBPI)的价值与限度。选择30例冠脉及左心室造影者行 MBPI,即将冠脉造影后心室舒张末(ED)毛细血管充盈相及与之完全配准的不含造影剂的ED 相相减,调节窗宽窗位,使染色心肌显像。分析冠脉狭窄程度与心肌灌注减少的关系。结果:心肌灌注正常16例,灌注稀疏10例,灌注缺损2例,稀疏 缺损2例。心肌灌注减少与冠脉狭窄程度呈明显正相关(Spearman 检验.r=0.8490,P<0.001)。结论:MBPI 效果非常直观,结合冠脉造影表现,可更全面地评价心肌缺血的程度和范围,并能及时反映治疗效果。     

EVALUATION OF SURGICAL CAVITIES FILLED WITH THREE TYPES OF CALCIUM SULFATE

The aim of this study was to evaluate histologically, three types of calcium sulfate - Merck (Brazil), Surgiplaster (Italy) and Capset (USA) - in surgically created defects on rabbit femurs. Twenty male New Zealand rabbits were used. Two surgical bone defects (5 mm diameter x 8 mm depth) were created on each distal epiphysis using a #3 Dentoflex trephine bur. Defects were filled with: group 1 - di-hydrated calcium sulfate (Merck); group 2 - Capset (Lifecore-USA); group 3 - Surgiplaster (Classimport-Italy); group 4 – control (blood clot). The animals were sacrificed 30, 60, 90 and 180 days postoperatively. Semi-serial 6-mm-thick sections were obtained, stained with hematoxylin and eosin and examined under light microscopy. Bone defects treated with calcium sulfate exhibited new bone formation regardless of the product trademark.